RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to develop an association between clinicopathologic and sonographic features of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and the prevalence of lymph node metastasis. METHODS: Clinicopathologic and sonographic features of 415 patients of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with (n = 102) or without (n = 313) lymph node metastasis were retrospectively reviewed. The thickness of the lymph node ≥ 6 mm with intra-lymph nodal occupying lesions considered lymph node metastasis. Also, it was considered metastasis if lymph node perfusion or blood flow defect was found with any thickness size. Univariate following multivariate analysis was performed for the prediction of sonographic features and clinicopathologic factors for the prevalence of lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: Male gender (p = 0.041), age < 45 years (p = 0.042), preoperative calcitonin > 65 pg/ mL (p = 0.039), nodule size > 5 mm in diameter (p = 0.038), bilaterality (p = 0.038), tumor capsular invasion (p = 0.048), cystic change (p = 0.047), and hyper vascularity (p = 0.049) of thyroid nodules were associated with lymph node metastasis. Also, thyroid nodules 5 mm and more in diameter may have high aggressiveness. CONCLUSION: These data helped the surgeon for individualized treatment in thyroid carcinoma and avoid unnecessary prophylactic surgery of the lymph node.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Tireoidectomia , Carcinoma Papilar , Humanos , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Metástase Linfática/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the study was to develop an association between clinicopathologic and sonographic features of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and the prevalence of lymph node metastasis. Subjects and methods: Clinicopathologic and sonographic features of 415 patients of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with (n = 102) or without (n = 313) lymph node metastasis were retrospectively reviewed. The thickness of the lymph node ≥ 6 mm with intra-lymph nodal occupying lesions considered lymph node metastasis. Also, it was considered metastasis if lymph node perfusion or blood flow defect was found with any thickness size. Univariate following multivariate analysis was performed for the prediction of sonographic features and clinicopathologic factors for the prevalence of lymph node metastasis. Results: Male gender ( p = 0.041), age < 45 years ( p = 0.042), preoperative calcitonin > 65 pg/ mL ( p = 0.039), nodule size > 5 mm in diameter ( p = 0.038), bilaterality ( p = 0.038), tumor capsular invasion ( p = 0.048), cystic change ( p = 0.047), and hyper vascularity ( p = 0.049) of thyroid nodules were associated with lymph node metastasis. Also, thyroid nodules 5 mm and more in diameter may have high aggressiveness. Conclusion: These data helped the surgeon for individualized treatment in thyroid carcinoma and avoid unnecessary prophylactic surgery of the lymph node.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Tireoidectomia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Papilar , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Linfonodos/diagnóstico por imagem , Metástase Linfática/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Introducción El cáncer de mama Triple Negativo (tn) es un subtipo tumoral que no presenta expresión de receptores hormonales ni sobreexpresión/amplificación de her 2 Neu. Tiene un comportamiento biológico más agresivo, con mayor probabilidad de recurrencia temprana y metástasis a distancia y con menor sobrevida global; es por ello que su detección temprana resulta de suma importancia. Objetivos ⢠Describir las características imagenológicas de los cánceres tn y compararlas con las de los cánceres no Triple Negativo (ntn) diagnosticados en la Sección de Patología Mamaria del Hospital Nacional Profesor A. Posadas entre enero de 2010 y julio de 2015. ⢠Determinar la prevalencia de cáncer de mama tn en dicho centro. Material y método Se realizó un estudio transversal de 311 casos de cáncer invasor de mama de la Sección de Patología Mamaria del Hospital Nacional Profesor A. Posadas (44 tn y 267 ntn), que tenían diagnóstico anatomopatológico, perfil inmunohistoquímico y disponían de mamografía y ultrasonografía mamaria. Resultados La prevalencia de tn en nuestro centro fue del 14,1%. No se hallaron imágenes mamográficas que diferencien ambos grupos. En ultrasonografía, los tn generalmente se manifestaron como masas únicas sin calcificaciones (88,6%) y con mayor frecuencia que los No Triple Negativo (ntn) presentaron forma oval (20,5%) o redonda (34%), margen circunscripto (36,4%), realce posterior (34,1%), ausencia de halo perilesional (90,9%) y de vascularización interna (77,5%). Conclusiones Los cánceres tn y ntn presentaron características ecográficas diferentes. Los tn pueden remedar lesiones morfológicamente benignas. Estos hallazgos podrían ser el reflejo de su comportamiento histopatológico. Se necesitan más estudios con mayor número de casos y que comparen métodos de diagnóstico por imagen adicionales. El conocimiento de estas características imagenólogicas es de suma importancia para el profesional actuante ya que ayudaría a no cometer errores ni retrasos en el diagnóstico de este tipo de tumores.
Introduction Triple Negative breast cancer is a subtype of breast cancer without expression hormone receptors or her 2 Neu. It presents a more aggressive biological behavior, with greater probability of early recurrence and distant metastases, with lower overall survival; so early detection is critical. Objectives ⢠Describe tn imaging characteristics and compare them with ntn diagnosed in Breast Pathology Section of Posadas National Hospital between january 2010 and july 2015. ⢠Determine prevalence of tn cancer in this center. Materials and method A cross sectional study of 311 cases of invasive breast cancer of Professor Posadas National Hospital Breast Pathology Section (44 tn and 267 ntn), who had pathological diagnosis, inmunohistochemical profile and had mammography and breast ultrasound. Results tn prevalence was 14.1%. No mammographic images that differentiate both groups were found. In sonography, tn manifest as masses without calcifications and, more frequently, presented oval (20.5%) or round (34%) shape, circumscribed margin (36.4%), acoustic enhancement (34.1%) and absence of echoic halo (90.9%) and internal vascularization (77.5%). Conclusions tn and ntn have different ultrasonographic features. tn can mimic benign lesions morphologically. These findings may be a reflection of histopathological behavior. More studies are needed with larger number of cases and comparing diagnostic methods for additional image. Knowledge of these imaging characteristics is very important for the professional as it would help avoid mistakes or delays in diagnosis of these tumors.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama , Mamografia , Ultrassonografia Mamária , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo NegativasRESUMO
Objective Ectopic thyroid tissue (ETT) is a rare abnormality of the thyroid gland and the true prevalence and importance is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate ultrasonography (US) guided fine needle aspiration biposy (FNAB) results, sonographic features, and frequency of ETT detected in the midline of the neck. Subjects and methods Five thousand five hundred and twenty outpatients who were referred to our thyroid clinic between September 2010 and April 2012 and underwent thyroid US, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with ETT, detected in the midline of the neck in US were included in the study. Thyroid functions, sonographic features, and US guided FNAB results were evaluated. Results There were 81 (81.8%) female and 18 (18.2%) male patients with a mean age of 50.9 ± 11.7. The ETT in the midline was present in 1.79% (99/5,520) of the patients. In the majority of the patients, benign sonographic features (isoechoic, regular margin, type 1 vascularization) were detected. There were 92 (92.9%) patients with a previous history of thyroidectomy and all were histopathologically benign. In 7 (7.1%) patients, there was no history of thyroid operation. FNAB results of ETT were benign. Conclusion This study evaluated the importance of ETT detected incidentally in the midline of the neck. Especially in patients with a history of thyroidectomy, the thyroid masses in the midline of the neck can be found as incidental with imaging methods. Our results suggests that the incidence of malignancy in this group is much lower than orthotopic thyroid nodules and they are often benign.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Coristoma/patologia , Disgenesia da Tireoide/patologia , Aspiração por Agulha Fina Guiada por Ultrassom Endoscópico , Pescoço/patologia , Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Turquia/epidemiologia , Cintilografia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Coristoma/epidemiologia , Achados Incidentais , Disgenesia da Tireoide/epidemiologia , Disgenesia da Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Pontos de Referência Anatômicos/diagnóstico por imagem , Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to find the sonographic features of primary tumor as independent predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. METHODS/PATIENTS: To facilitate the research, 514 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma were divided into solitary and multifocal groups. In solitary group, thyroid lesions were divided into several subgroups by size, border, margin, echogenicity, echohomogeneity, calcification, vascularization, location, stiffness and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) conditions. Then, univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to find the sonographic features of primary tumor as independent predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. RESULTS: A significant difference of lymph node metastasis rate was found between multifocal and solitary groups (P < 0.05). In univariable analysis, size, vascularization and coexistence of HT were found to be statistically significant factors (P = 0.004, 0.118, 0.016). Multivariable analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis rate was mainly associated with size [odds ratio (OR) = 1.690, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.157-2.469] and coexistence of HT (OR = 0.441, 95 % CI 0.219-0.888). CONCLUSION: Preoperative sonographic features of primary tumor including the number, size and coexistence of HT were independent predictive factors for the state of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.