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ABSTRACT: The socio-economic vulnerability of family farmers in Brazilian semi-arid regions, combined with the intense degradation of the Caatinga biome, entails the use of alternatives that allow people to remain in the countryside while recovering the environment. Are agroforestry systems (AFS), which are based on the ecological, economic, and social interactions existing in a production system, an alternative? The present study described the structure, organization, and floristic composition of two AFS and analyzed the soil fertility of the two AFSimplanted in the semi-arid region of Paraíba. This study revealed that the farmers consider the AFS to be less harmful to the environment as it provides greater protection to the soil and better-qualityfood. Thegreatest challenges wereobtaining water during drought season and the need foran extra workforce. Nevertheless, the produce from these systemswas sufficient to provide for the families. Several varieties of fruit species were found in both the AFS studied, and Malpighia emarginata (acerola) was the most predominant. The soils of the two AFS presented a practically neutral pH the and high percentage of base saturation,thereby falling under the category of eutrophic soil with high fertility, and are ideal for growingany type of crop.

RESUMO: A vulnerabilidade socioeconômica dos agricultores familiares no semiárido brasileiro aliado à intensa degradação do bioma caatinga requer o emprego de alternativas que propiciem a permanência do homem no campo, ao mesmo tempo em que recupere o meio ambiente. Os Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAFs) que estão fundamentados nas interações ecológicas, econômicas e sociais existentes em um sistema de produção, são alternativas? O presente estudo tem como objetivos descrever a estrutura, a composição florística e a organização de dois SAFs implantados no sertão paraibano, bem como analisar a fertilidade dos solos das propriedades sob estes sistemas. Este trabalho verificou que os agricultores consideram que os SAFs proporcionam menos agressão ao meio ambiente, maior proteção ao solo e alimentação de qualidade, além da manutenção das famílias com a produção. As duas maiores dificuldades são a obtenção de água nos períodos de estiagem e mão de obra auxiliar. Nos dois SAFs estudados, há uma maior quantidade de espécies frutíferas, sendo a Malpighia emarginata (acerola) a de maior predominância. Os solos dos dois SAFs apresentam pH praticamente neutro e elevado percentual de saturação por base, sendo considerados eutróficos, com alto nível de fertilidade e ideal para o estabelecimento de agricultura.

RESUMO

The socio-economic vulnerability of family farmers in Brazilian semi-arid regions, combined with the intense degradation of the Caatinga biome, entails the use of alternatives that allow people to remain in the countryside while recovering the environment. Are agroforestry systems (AFS), which are based on the ecological, economic, and social interactions existing in a production system, an alternative? The present study described the structure, organization, and floristic composition of two AFS and analyzed the soil fertility of the two AFSimplanted in the semi-arid region of Paraíba. This study revealed that the farmers consider the AFS to be less harmful to the environment as it provides greater protection to the soil and better-qualityfood. Thegreatest challenges wereobtaining water during drought season and the need foran extra workforce. Nevertheless, the produce from these systemswas sufficient to provide for the families. Several varieties of fruit species were found in both the AFS studied, and Malpighia emarginata (acerola) was the most predominant. The soils of the two AFS presented a practically neutral pH the and high percentage of base saturation,thereby falling under the category of eutrophic soil with high fertility, and are ideal for growingany type of crop.

A vulnerabilidade socioeconômica dos agricultores familiares no semiárido brasileiro aliado à intensa degradação do bioma caatinga requer o emprego de alternativas que propiciem a permanência do homem no campo, ao mesmo tempo em que recupere o meio ambiente. Os Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAFs) que estão fundamentados nas interações ecológicas, econômicas e sociais existentes em um sistema de produção, são alternativas? O presente estudo tem como objetivos descrever a estrutura, a composição florística e a organização de dois SAFs implantados no sertão paraibano, bem como analisar a fertilidade dos solos das propriedades sob estes sistemas. Este trabalho verificou que os agricultores consideram que os SAFs proporcionam menos agressão ao meio ambiente, maior proteção ao solo e alimentação de qualidade, além da manutenção das famílias com a produção. As duas maiores dificuldades são a obtenção de água nos períodos de estiagem e mão de obra auxiliar. Nos dois SAFs estudados, há uma maior quantidade de espécies frutíferas, sendo a Malpighia emarginata (acerola) a de maior predominância. Os solos dos dois SAFs apresentam pH praticamente neutro e elevado percentual de saturação por base, sendo considerados eutróficos, com alto nível de fertilidade e ideal para o estabelecimento de agricultura.

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Abstract: Olive is grown in semi-arid climatic conditions; however, little is known about mineral changes in olive plant and nutrient requirements during the production period. Hence, the current study was conducted under Pothwar agro-climatic conditions in order to select appropriate stage of macronutrients (N, P, K) application in relation to soil and leaf nutritional status during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Soil and leaf analysis were performed at four different phenological stages (i.e. flowering, fruit setting, fruit enlargement and fruit maturity stages). The results revealed that the assessed macronutrient in leaf and soil varied significantly among varieties, phenological stages and growing year. The results revealed also that nitrogen level was found to decrease from fruit set (1.56%) to fruit enlargement stage (1.47%). Leaf and soil N, P and K contents were found higher before the flowering (stage 1) and depleted after fruit harvesting (stage 4), regardless of olive varieties. However, high yielding varieties showed lower nutrients after fruit harvesting (stage 4). Therefore, N content in leaf and soil gradually decreased during fruit growth and development. Whereas, K content in leaf and soil sharply declined from fruit maturity to fruit ripening stage. Overall, the trend of nutrient depletion showed that plants need phosphorus for fruit setting, nitrogen before and after fruit setting, and potash after pit hardening or at oil accumulation stages.

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RESUMEN Aunque el zinc (Zn) es un microelemento esencial para la nutrición del café por su efecto directo sobre el crecimiento y porque sus deficiencias en las etapas vegetativas son cada vez más comunes, son pocas las investigaciones relacionadas con este nutriente en Colombia. Por ello, con el objetivo de evaluar la respuesta del café variedad Colombia renovado por zoca a la fertilización con zinc (Zn), se realizó una investigación en tres localidades: Venecia, Gigante y Timbío. Los tratamientos consistieron en tres dosis de Zn (5, 10 y 20 kg.ha-1), aplicadas al suelo en forma de óxido (ZnO), y tres dosis de Zn (0,045, 0,09 y 0,18 kg.ha-1), aplicadas vía foliar como quelato, además de un testigo sin aplicación de Zn. Durante el primer año, la aplicación edáfica se realizó a los dos y ocho meses después del zoqueo, y a partir del segundo año, cada seis meses con la recomendación NPK según el análisis de suelo. La aplicación foliar se realizó a los 60 y 90 días después del pico de floración tanto para la cosecha principal como para la mitaca de cada sitio. Se midió la producción anual de café cereza y acumulada durante cuatro años. Para las condiciones del estudio la fertilización edáfica o foliar de Zn no tuvo efectos significativos en la producción de café cereza pero si se registraron aumentos en los niveles de Zn en el suelo y en las hojas.

ABSTRACT Even though Zn is an essential micronutrient for coffee nutrition due to its direct effect on plant growth and because Zn deficiencies are more and more frequent, research related to this nutrient in coffee in Colombia is still little. For these reasons, aiming to determine the Colombian variety coffee crop response to zinc fertilization (Zn) in three sites of the Colombian coffee region, the supply of three Zn rates applied to soil in the form of ZnO (5, 10 and 20 kg.ha-1), and three doses of Zn quelate applied via foliar (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kg.ha-1), plus a control without Zn were evaluated. The research was carried out in three sites: Venecia, Gigante and Timbio. During the first year soil treatments were applied two and eight months after trimming, and from the second year the edaphic application was carried out every six months simultaneously with the NPK recommendation according to soil analysis. Foliar application was carried out at 60 and 90 days after the blooming peak for both main harvest and the "mitaca" of each site. Coffee berries yield annually and accumulated over four years were analyzed. For the study conditions the Zn application both edaphic and foliar did not affect significantly coffee yield but did increase the Zn contents at soil and leaves.

RESUMO Embora o zinco (Zn) seja um microelemento essencial para a nutrição do café devido a seu efeito direto no crescimento e porque suas deficiências nas etapas vegetativas são cada vez mais comuns, há pouca pesquisa relacionada a este nutriente na Colômbia. Por esta razão, com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta do café da variedade Colômbia, renovado pelo zoca, à fertilização com zinco (Zn), foi realizada uma investigação em três locais: Venecia, Gigante e Timbío. Os tratamentos consistiram em três doses de Zn (5, 10 e 20 kg.ha-1), aplicadas ao solo na forma de óxido (ZnO), e três doses de Zn (0,045, 0,09 e 0,18 kg.ha-1), aplicadas por aplicação foliar como quelato, além de um controle sem aplicação de Zn. Durante o primeiro ano, a aplicação do solo foi realizada dois e oito meses após a enxada, e a partir do segundo ano, a cada seis meses com a recomendação da NPK de acordo com a análise do solo. A aplicação foliar foi feita aos 60 e 90 dias após o pico de floração, tanto para a cultura principal como para a mitaca em cada local. A produção anual e cumulativa de café cereja foi medida ao longo de quatro anos. Para as condições do estudo, a fertilização do solo ou foliar Zn não teve efeito significativo na produção de café cereja, mas foram registrados aumentos nos níveis de solo e de Zn foliar.

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Mining has become one of the main factors in the global biogeochemical cycle of potentially toxic elements. Therefore, it is considered one of the anthropogenic activities with the greatest negative impact on the environment. These impacts are maximized in semiarid regions, where mining activities can lead to soil degradation and decrease in land productivity. This study aimed to assess the level of contamination in natural, urban, and agricultural soils of three important mining areas, where approximately 80,000 people live, and pollution levels have never been determined before. For this purpose, soil samples were collected around iron, uranium, and vanadium mines, as well as in the main human settlements of the region. The concentrations of 34 elements were determined by instrumental neutron analysis activation (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) techniques. Pollution indices (CF, EF, mCd, PLI, and REEP) revealed that there is a moderate to heavy level of pollution for 89% of the analyzed elements. Additionally, an extreme contamination level was observed in 78% of the samples, for at least one element. Statistical analyses were performed to identify patterns in the distribution and common sources of pollution. The results suggest that the concentrations for Al, Ba, Hf, Na, Pb, Rb, REE, Ta, Th, U, Zn, and Zr are associated with geogenic causes. However, the influence of anthropogenic sources such as agriculture and mining on the accumulation of these elements in soils should not be disregarded. In contrast, the contents of As, Br, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Sc, Ti, and V reflect the direct impact of anthropogenic sources.

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Objective: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic in the soil of three beaches of Mosqueiro Island, located in the State of Pará, Brazil, as well as to compare the frequency of helminths and protozoa, pathogenic and non-pathogenic parasites according to the beaches analyzed. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study conducted during August and September 2019, in which 155 soil samples were analyzed by Hoffman's method. Results: The results showed that 16.1% of samples were contaminated from 61.3% of collection points. Murubira beach and Farol beach presented the highest prevalence of parasites, however, there was no significant difference between beaches. Also, it was observed a predominance of protozoa (63%) and non-pathogenic parasites (55.6%) in analyzed samples, but there was no statistically significant difference according to the investigated location. Endolimax nana 25.9% (7/27) and hookworms 18.5% (5/27) were the most detected parasites on the beaches. Conclusion: Thus, this study showed parasitic contamination on the beaches from Mosqueiro Island, which may be associated with a lack of sanitation infrastructure and personal hygiene in these places. Therefore, these results reinforce the need to adopt educational and preventive measures to reduce parasitic agents.

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de parasitos intestinais no solo de três praias da Ilha de Mosqueiro, localizada no estado do Pará, Brasil, além de comparar a frequência de helmintos e protozoários, parasitos patogênicos e não patogênicos de acordo com as praias analisadas. Metdodos: Este é um estudo transversal, analítico, realizado durante agosto e setembro de 2019, no qual 155 amostras do solo foram analisadas pelo método de Hoffman. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que 16,1% das amostras estavam contaminadas em 61,3% dos pontos de coleta. As praias do Murubira e do Farol apresentaram a maior prevalência de parasitos, porém não houve diferença significativa entre os diferentes locais de coleta. Além disso, foi observada a predominância de protozoários (63%) e parasitas não patogênicos (55.6%) nas amostras analisadas, mas não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os locais investigados. Endolimax nana 25,9% (7/27) e Ancilostomídeos 18,5% (5/27) foram os parasitas mais detectados nas praias. Conclusao: Desse modo, este estudo mostrou contaminação parasitária nas praias da Ilha de Mosqueiro, o que pode estar associada à falta de infraestrutura de saneamento e higiene pessoal nesses locais. Além disso, esses resultados reforçam a necessidade de se adotar medidas educacionais e preventivas para a redução desses agentes parasitários.

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BACKGROUND: The relationships between soil and coffee beans variables were evaluated and then the influence of bean composition on cup quality attributes was computed by means of relation studies. A total of 139 coffee and soil samples were collected directly from the same number of coffee plantations in Chiapas, Mexico. RESULTS: In the elemental composition, only phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and copper in coffee beans had a significant (P < 0.05) relationship with the content of the same elements in soil. The level of macro- and microelements in the coffee bean affected some of the cup quality attributes, but variables such as texture, titratable acidity, and pH of water in soil had a major influence on those attributes. Caffeine, trigonelline, and 5-caffeoylquinic acid in green coffee beans also had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on the sensory attributes of the beverage. CONCLUSION: The elemental composition of soil and coffee beans was important in explaining the cup quality attributes, but the most important variables influencing the sensory quality of coffee were altitude of plantations and moisture of coffee beans. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Soils around coal-fired thermal power plants based on coal combustion can present high concentrations of arsenic. This fact has a direct effect on the food chain. Arsenic can be absorbed by plants and vegetables through the soil, which will then serve as food for different animals, spreading the contamination. A method has been developed using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GFAAS) for direct determination of arsenic in solid soil samples. Different chemical modifiers were tested to suppress the matrix effects observed. Among them, the modifier that showed the best results was the Zr, used as a permanent modifier. The optimized pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were 1000 °C and 2200 °C, respectively. A calibration curve was established using aqueous standard solutions which was linear up to 16 ng of arsenic. The characteristic mass and limit of detection were 22 pg and 73 pg As, respectively. The accuracy of the method was verified using two certified reference materials and comparison with results obtained for samples after microwave-assisted digestion. Eleven soil samples were collected around the power plant Complex Jorge Lacerda-Tractebel Suezin, in the south of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The concentration of As ranged from 3.4 mg kg-1 to 9.7 mg kg-1, which is within the limits allowed by Brazilian legislation.

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Environmental liabilities have become one of the most important problems of the last years, especially those of contaminated sites located in urban areas which have been abandoned by pollution intensive industries. Such sites may contain hazardous materials that pose risks to human health and the environment. Industrial waste from the ancient sulfuric acid industry is scattered in a local area at the petrochemical pole in a sector of the Río de la Plata coastal plain. The aim of this work is to define the geochemical processes that determine the alteration of waste in the old sulfuric acid industry (OSAI) area and to study the migration of soluble pollutants to groundwater. A survey of soil and waste deposit was carried out and samples were examined by X-ray diffraction, under a scanning electron microscope and a polarizing microscope. Surface water and groundwater samples, both to the unconfined and semi-confined aquifers, were collected to determine electrical conductivity, pH and major elements. The results show the presence of minerals composed of sulfur associated with jarosite and iron oxides on superficial sediments. The detailed study of soil sediments together with that of the water physicochemical characteristics make it possible to understand the geochemical processes developed in soil that cause the high concentrations of sulfates in groundwater. Furthermore, high SO4-2 concentration registered in the semi-confined aquifer due to its infiltration from the unconfined aquifer shows that the industrial pollution has an important impact at local level. These results may contribute to the understanding of chemical processes and pollutants distribution in highly industrialized coastal plain areas.

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Nowadays, one of the biggest issues addressed to electronic sensor fabrication is the build-up of efficient electrodes as an alternative way to the expensive, complex and multistage processes required by traditional techniques. Printed electronics arises as an interesting alternative to fulfill this task due to the simplicity and speed to stamp electrodes on various surfaces. Within this context, the Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printing is an emerging, cost-effective and alternative technology to fabricate complex structures that potentiates several fields with more creative ideas and new materials for a rapid prototyping of devices. We show here the fabrication of interdigitated electrodes using a standard home-made CoreXY 3D printer using transparent and graphene-based PLA filaments. Macro 3D printed electrodes were easily assembled within 6 min with outstanding reproducibility. The electrodes were also functionalized with different nanostructured thin films via dip-coating Layer-by-Layer technique to develop a 3D printed e-tongue setup. As a proof of concept, the printed e-tongue was applied to soil analysis. A control soil sample was enriched with several macro-nutrients to the plants (N, P, K, S, Mg, and Ca) and the discrimination was done by electrical impedance spectroscopy of water solution of the soil samples. The data was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis and the 3D printed sensor distinguished clearly all enriched samples despite the complexity of the soil chemical composition. The 3D printed e-tongue successfully used in soil analysis encourages further investments in developing new sensory tools for precision agriculture and other fields exploiting the simplicity and flexibility offered by the 3D printing techniques.

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A simple and automated system based on combustion followed by a pyrohydrolysis reaction was proposed for further halogens determination. This system was applied for digestion of soils containing high (90%) and also low (10%) organic matter content for further halogens determination. The following parameters were evaluated: sample mass, use of microcrystalline cellulose and heating time. For analytes absorption, a diluted alkaline solution (6 mL of 25 mmol L-1 NH4OH) was used in all experiments. Up to 400 mg of soil with high organic matter content and 100 mg of soil with low organic matter content (mixed with 400 mg of cellulose) could be completely digested using the proposed system. Quantitative results for all halogens were obtained using less than 12 min of sample preparation step (about 1.8 min for sample combustion and 10 min for pyrohydrolysis). The accuracy was evaluated using a certified reference material of coal and spiked samples. No statistical difference was observed between the certified values and results obtained by the proposed method. Additionally, the recoveries obtained using spiked samples were in the range of 98-103% with relative standard deviation values lower than 5%. The limits of quantification obtained for F, Cl, Br and I for soil with high (400 mg of soil) and low (100 mg of soil) organic matter were in the range of 0.01-2 µg g-1 and 0.07-59 µg g-1, respectively. The proposed system was considered as a simple and suitable alternative for soils digestion for further halogens determination by ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques.

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This study evaluates the use of visible and near infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIRS) combined with multivariate regression based on random forest to quantify some quality soil parameters. The parameters analyzed were soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), sum of exchange bases (SB), organic matter (OM), clay and sand present in the soils of several regions of Brazil. Current methods for evaluating these parameters are laborious, timely and require various wet analytical methods that are not adequate for use in precision agriculture, where faster and automatic responses are required. The random forest regression models were statistically better than PLS regression models for CEC, OM, clay and sand, demonstrating resistance to overfitting, attenuating the effect of outlier samples and indicating the most important variables for the model. The methodology demonstrates the potential of the Vis-NIR as an alternative for determination of CEC, SB, OM, sand and clay, making possible to develop a fast and automatic analytical procedure.

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Puente Abadía es una zona cafetera por excelencia, del municipio de Villavicencio, Departamento del Meta, Colombia, donde se cultivan sistemas de café orgánico (SCO). El manejo agronómico del cultivo puede influir en las propiedades químicas de sus suelos. El análisis multivariado permitirá definir algunas limitantes químicas de los suelos y será un insumo futuro importante, para optimizar el manejo de nutrientes. Se muestrearon en la zona 12 SCO, que presentaban similitud en cuanto a tipo de sistema de producción, manejo agronómico y condiciones ambientales. Los datos fueron analizados, a través de estadística descriptiva, correlaciones lineales y los métodos multivariados de clúster y análisis de componentes principales (ACPs). En los SCO, se confirmó que existe una alta heterogeneidad en las propiedades químicas de los suelos. El Mg presentó el coeficiente de variación (CV) más alto (135,09%). El ACPs mostró que los dos primeros componentes principales explicaron más del 50% de la varianza total. El análisis de clúster de los SCO mostró alta heterogeneidad en las propiedades químicas de los suelos, conformándose dos grupos: el grupo 1 reunió a los SCO, dominados por una alta acidez intercambiable, incluyendo 3 de los 12 SCO y, el grupo 2, reunió a 9 de los SCO, definidos, principalmente, por altos contenidos de materia orgánica del suelo (MOS). La alta variabilidad encontrada fue influenciada, posiblemente, por el encalado y la fertilización orgánica.

Puente Abadía is for excellence a coffee growing area of the municipality of Villavicencio, department Meta, Colombia, where organic coffee systems OCS are cultivated. The agronomic management of the crop can influence its soil chemical properties. Multivariate analysis can permit to define some chemical soil limits and will be a future input to optimize the nutrient management. Twelve OCS were sampled in the zone that showed similarity in terms of production system, agronomic management and environmental conditions. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, linear correlations and multivariate clustered and principal components PC methods. High variability in OCS chemical properties were detected. The highest variation coefficient CV was presented in Mg 135.09%. The analysis of the principal components (APCs) showed that the first two PC explained more than 50% of the total variance. The cluster analysis of the OCS revealed high variability, defined in two large groups: group 1 brought together OCS dominated by interchangeable Al3+ including 3 of the 12 OCSs and group 2 brought together 9 of the OCS, mainly defined by high content in soil organic matter (SOM). The variability showed was possibly influenced by liming and organic fertilization.

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In the present work, the efficiency of distillation process for extracting monomethylmercury (MMHg) from soil samples was studied and optimized using an experimental design methodology. The influence of soil composition on MMHg extraction was evaluated by testing of four soil samples with different geochemical characteristics. Optimization suggested that the acid concentration and the duration of the distillation process were most significant and the most favorable conditions, established as a compromise for the studied soils, were determined to be a 70 min distillation using an 0.2 M acid. Corresponding limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.21 and 0.7 pg absolute, respectively. The optimized methodology was applied with satisfactory results to soil samples and was compared to a reference methodology based on isotopic dilution analysis followed by gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IDA-GC-ICP-MS). Using the optimized conditions, recoveries ranged from 82 to 98%, which is an increase of 9-34% relative to the previously used standard operating procedure. Finally, the validated methodology was applied to quantify MMHg in soils collected from different sites impacted by coal fired power plants in the north-central zone of Chile, measuring MMHg concentrations ranging from 0.091 to 2.8 ng g-1. These data are to the best of our knowledge the first MMHg measurements reported for Chile.

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This study aimed to evaluate the use of technical recommendations for soil sampling, liming and use of chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of soybean (Glycine max), by family farmers in the municipality of Mato Rico - PR. To this end, 50 field interviews with farmers producing soybeans were performed. The information analyzed was collected with a pre-established form that included questions about the different stages of cropping. Soil analysis of each farm on the soybean 2012/2013 season was also requested. Through the interpretation of soil analysis were defined need for liming, fertility levels, fertilizer rates for correction and maintenance. The data collected with the form were compared with the technical recommendations. For farmers interviewed soil sampling and liming principles are still not fully considered. The composition of single samples showed insufficient numbers in 82 % of the farms. Further, 80 % of the properties require liming and for both the correction and maintenance fertilization, phosphorus was the nutrient with more divergence.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização das recomendações técnicas, quanto a amostragem do solo, calagem e uso de fertilizantes químicos formulados no cultivo da soja (Glycine max), por agricultores familiares do Município de Mato Rico -PR. Para isso, foram realizadas 50 entrevistas de campo com agricultores familiares produtores de soja. As informações analisadas foram coletadas com um formulário pré-estabelecido, que incluía questões a respeito das etapas de produção. Também foi solicitada a análise de solo de cada propriedade relativa à safra de soja 2012/2013. Através da interpretação das análises de solo foram definidos: necessidade de calagem, níveis de fertilidade, doses de fertilizantes para correção e/ou para manutenção. Os dados levantados por meio do questionário foram comparados com as recomendações técnicas. Para os produtores entrevistados a amostragem de solo e a calagem são princípios ainda não considerados plenamente. A composição de amostras simples apresentou número insuficiente em 82 % das propriedades. De acordo com a interpretação das análises de solo, 80 % das propriedades necessitam de calagem. Com relação a adubação, tanto na de correção quanto na manutenção, o fósforo é o nutriente utilizado com maior déficit pelos agricultores familiares.

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This study aimed to evaluate the use of technical recommendations for soil sampling, liming and use of chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of soybean (Glycine max), by family farmers in the municipality of Mato Rico - PR. To this end, 50 field interviews with farmers producing soybeans were performed. The information analyzed was collected with a pre-established form that included questions about the different stages of cropping. Soil analysis of each farm on the soybean 2012/2013 season was also requested. Through the interpretation of soil analysis were defined need for liming, fertility levels, fertilizer rates for correction and maintenance. The data collected with the form were compared with the technical recommendations. For farmers interviewed soil sampling and liming principles are still not fully considered. The composition of single samples showed insufficient numbers in 82 % of the farms. Further, 80 % of the properties require liming and for both the correction and maintenance fertilization, phosphorus was the nutrient with more divergence.(AU)

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização das recomendações técnicas, quanto a amostragem do solo, calagem e uso de fertilizantes químicos formulados no cultivo da soja (Glycine max), por agricultores familiares do Município de Mato Rico -PR. Para isso, foram realizadas 50 entrevistas de campo com agricultores familiares produtores de soja. As informações analisadas foram coletadas com um formulário pré-estabelecido, que incluía questões a respeito das etapas de produção. Também foi solicitada a análise de solo de cada propriedade relativa à safra de soja 2012/2013. Através da interpretação das análises de solo foram definidos: necessidade de calagem, níveis de fertilidade, doses de fertilizantes para correção e/ou para manutenção. Os dados levantados por meio do questionário foram comparados com as recomendações técnicas. Para os produtores entrevistados a amostragem de solo e a calagem são princípios ainda não considerados plenamente. A composição de amostras simples apresentou número insuficiente em 82 % das propriedades. De acordo com a interpretação das análises de solo, 80 % das propriedades necessitam de calagem. Com relação a adubação, tanto na de correção quanto na manutenção, o fósforo é o nutriente utilizado com maior déficit pelos agricultores familiares.(AU)

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Contando com a parceria entre UFPB e Centro deControle de Zoonoses da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde,nos propomos a analisar a qualidade do solo das praiasurbanas de João Pessoa/PB. Material e Métodos: Amostrasde areia, coletadas em pontos definidos ao longo das praias,entre setembro de 2007 e agosto de 2008, foram analisadasquanto à presença de cistos de protozoários e ovos oularvas de helmintos. Resultados: Contaminação por parasitosfoi identificada em 29,1% das amostras (n=51)apresentaram-se contaminadas simultaneamente porhelmintos e protozoários, 60,6% das amostras (n=106)apresentaram algum tipo de protozoário e 44,4% (n=77),algum tipo de helminto, enquanto 43 amostras (24,6%) nãoapresentaram qualquer estágio evolutivo de parasito. Osachados mais frequentes foram amebas (50,9%) eascarídeos (32,6%). Altura da maré no momento da coletanão influenciou a contaminação da amostra por protozoáriosou helmintos. Entretanto, baixa umidade relativa da amostrafoi correlacionada à contaminação de helmintos, mas não deprotozoários. Conclusão: A contaminação da areia das praiasurbanas da capital paraibana por protozoários e helmintospotencialmente parasitos foi confirmada e estes dados podemorientar a implantação de ações para melhorar a qualidadede vida da população que frequenta o litoral da cidade deJoão Pessoa...

With a partnership between the Federal Universityof Paraíba (UFPB) and the Center for Zoonosis Control in theMunicipal Health Department, we proposed to examine thesoil quality of urban beaches in the city of João Pessoa/PB.Material and Methods: Sand samples were collected atdemarcated places along the beaches between September2007 and August 2008, and were then analyzed for thepresence of protozoan cysts and helminth eggs or larvae.Results: Parasites contamination was identified in most ofthe 175 samples analyzed: 29.1% of the samples (n = 51)were found to be simultaneously infected with helminthesand protozoa; 60.6% of the samples (n = 106) had some typeof protozoan and 44.4% (n = 77) some kind of helminth, while43 samples (24.6%) did not show any developmental stageof the parasite. The most frequent findings were amoebas(50.9%) and roundworms (32.6%). Tide height at the time ofcollection did not influence the contamination of the sampleby protozoa or helminthes. However, low relative humidity ofthe sample was shown to be correlated to helminth infection,but not to protozoa. Conclusion: Contamination of sand fromthe urban beaches of the capital of Paraiba state potentiallyby protozoan and helminth parasites was confirmed in thisstudy. This information can guide the implementation of actionsto improve the quality of life of the population that attends thecoast of the city of João Pessoa...

Assuntos

RESUMO

In this study were compared two methods of extraction of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in soils with organic matter (OM) higher than 50g kg-1. The extraction methods compared were: Extraction with HCl 0.1mol L-1 (standard method for the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina) and Mehlich 3. This work was performed at the Laboratory of Soil Chemistry and Fertility, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), in 2009. The two extraction methods were applied to 286 soil samples from the Soil Analysis Public Laboratory of UDESC, all with more than 50g kg-1 OM. The copper and zinc in extracts were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed significant correlation between the methods, Cu (r=0.80) and Zn (r=0.93). The solution Mehlich 3 extracted more copper and less zinc when compared to the solution of HCl 0.1mol L-1. The Mehlich 3 proved to be efficient in the extraction of copper and zinc in soils with high OM content, which may replace the current method.

No presente trabalho, foram comparados dois métodos de extração de cobre (Cu) e zinco (Zn) em solos com teor de matéria orgânica (MO) maior que 50g kg-1. Os métodos de extração comparados foram: Extração com HCl 0,1mol L-1 (método padrão para os estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina) e Mehlich 3. Este trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Química e Fertilidade do Solo da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), no ano de 2009. As duas metodologias de extração foram aplicadas em 286 amostras de solo provenientes do Laboratório de Análise do Solo da UDESC, todas com mais de 50g kg-1 de MO. Os teores de cobre e zinco nos extratos foram determinados por espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama. Os resultados mostraram que houve correlação significativa entre os métodos, Cu (r=0,80) e Zn (r=0,93). A solução de Mehlich 3 extraiu mais cobre e menos zinco, quando comparada à solução de HCl 0,1mol L-1. O Mehlich 3 demonstrou ser eficiente na extração de cobre e zinco em solos com alto teor de MO, podendo substituir o método atual.

RESUMO

The knowledge of the soil fertility conditions is fundamental to elaborate regional fertilization strategies for the main crops cultivated. To characterize the soil fertility conditions in the Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil, it was interpreted the availability of some macro and micronutrients from levels determined in chemical analyses of soil sampled in the majority of the microcatchments with actuation of the project named Programa de Recuperação Ambiental e de Apoio ao Pequeno Produtor Rural PRAPEM/MB2. In each microcatchment they were sampled four fields of two more representative crop systems in the summer-fall season of 2008, totalizing 6,894 fields. The fields were grouped in four regions, defined according to similar geological formations, named Seashore, Center, Highland and West. The values of the macronutrients P, K, Ca and Mg and of the micronutrients Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe, determined in the soil samples, were grouping in interpretation classes established by the Comissão de Química e Fertilidade do Solo do Núcleo Regional Sul da Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. In general, the relative distribution of soil P content is similar among regions, with greater relative amount of the high and very high P ranges in the West and low and very low in the Highland. Medium to very high K content ranges were found in more than 90% of the fi elds, except in the S

O conhecimento das condições de fertilidade do solo nas lavouras é indispensável para a elaboração de estratégias regionalizadas de adubação para as principais culturas. Para caracterizar essas condições no estado de Santa Catarina, interpretaram-se os teores de alguns macro e micronutrientes a partir de análises de solo realizadas em amostras coletadas em lavouras localizadas na maioria das microbacias trabalhadas pelo Programa de Recuperação Ambiental e de Apoio ao Pequeno Produtor Rural (PRAPEM/MB2) em todo o Estado. Em cada microbacia foram amostradas, no período de verão-outono de 2008, quatro lavouras dos dois sistemas de culturas mais representativos, totalizando 6.894 amostras de solo. Os resultados das análises foram agrupados em quatro regiões, definidas a partir da similaridade de formações geológicas, as quais foram denominadas de Litoral, Centro, Planalto e Oeste. Os teores dos macronutrientes P, K, Ca e Mg, e dos micronutrientes Zn, Cu, Mn e Fe, determinados nas amostras de solo, foram enquadrados nas faixas de interpretação estabelecidas pela Comissão de Química e Fertilidade do Solo do Núcleo Regional Sul da Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. De forma geral, a distribuição relativa das amostras nas faixas de interpretação de teores de P no solo é similar entre as regiões, com maior percentagem de amostras com teores muito altos e altos na região Oeste e mu

RESUMO

The knowledge of the soil fertility conditions is fundamental to elaborate regional fertilization strategies for the main crops cultivated. To characterize the soil fertility conditions in the Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil, it was interpreted the availability of some macro and micronutrients from levels determined in chemical analyses of soil sampled in the majority of the microcatchments with actuation of the project named Programa de Recuperação Ambiental e de Apoio ao Pequeno Produtor Rural PRAPEM/MB2. In each microcatchment they were sampled four fields of two more representative crop systems in the summer-fall season of 2008, totalizing 6,894 fields. The fields were grouped in four regions, defined according to similar geological formations, named Seashore, Center, Highland and West. The values of the macronutrients P, K, Ca and Mg and of the micronutrients Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe, determined in the soil samples, were grouping in interpretation classes established by the Comissão de Química e Fertilidade do Solo do Núcleo Regional Sul da Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. In general, the relative distribution of soil P content is similar among regions, with greater relative amount of the high and very high P ranges in the West and low and very low in the Highland. Medium to very high K content ranges were found in more than 90% of the fi elds, except in the S

O conhecimento das condições de fertilidade do solo nas lavouras é indispensável para a elaboração de estratégias regionalizadas de adubação para as principais culturas. Para caracterizar essas condições no estado de Santa Catarina, interpretaram-se os teores de alguns macro e micronutrientes a partir de análises de solo realizadas em amostras coletadas em lavouras localizadas na maioria das microbacias trabalhadas pelo Programa de Recuperação Ambiental e de Apoio ao Pequeno Produtor Rural (PRAPEM/MB2) em todo o Estado. Em cada microbacia foram amostradas, no período de verão-outono de 2008, quatro lavouras dos dois sistemas de culturas mais representativos, totalizando 6.894 amostras de solo. Os resultados das análises foram agrupados em quatro regiões, definidas a partir da similaridade de formações geológicas, as quais foram denominadas de Litoral, Centro, Planalto e Oeste. Os teores dos macronutrientes P, K, Ca e Mg, e dos micronutrientes Zn, Cu, Mn e Fe, determinados nas amostras de solo, foram enquadrados nas faixas de interpretação estabelecidas pela Comissão de Química e Fertilidade do Solo do Núcleo Regional Sul da Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. De forma geral, a distribuição relativa das amostras nas faixas de interpretação de teores de P no solo é similar entre as regiões, com maior percentagem de amostras com teores muito altos e altos na região Oeste e mu