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Introduction: In recent years, research in educational contexts has pointed to the role of grit as a variable related to various positive outcomes, including life satisfaction. Academic adaptation seems vital for the success of academic life in college students. Considering university as an important life context for people pursuing higher education, what is the mediating effect of academic adaptation? This study proposed a mediation model to examine the mediating effect of academic adaptation in the relationship grit and life satisfaction. Methods: A sample of 413 undergraduate Brazilian students, age ranging from 18 to 71 years (M = 27.30; SD = 10.20). A correlation analysis was performed between the variables and the following mediation model was tested: Grit (independent variable), academic adaptation (mediating variables) and life satisfaction (dependent variables). Results: Mediation analysis indicated that academic adaptation mediated around 46.80% for the factor of consistency of interests and 40.90% of the relationship with perseverance of effort. Thus, the greater the grit of the university student, the greater the grit, which leads to better satisfaction with life. Discussion: In recent years, research in educational contexts has pointed to the role of grit as a variable related to various positive outcomes. The findings elucidated that grit in academic context could benefit students' adaptation process, and the university's responsibility to improve its students' softskills, not only for the future stage after university, but also during the student's schooling.

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Objetivo: El odontólogo debe desarrollar habilidades que le permitirán el éxito en su profesión. En la actualidad los estudiantes se centran en el desarrollo de habilidades técnicas dejando relegado el desarrollo de las habilidades blandas. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es describir cuáles son las habilidades blandas con mayor influencia en la práctica odontológica y su nivel del desarrollo dentro de la formación académica de los estudiantes de odontología. Materiales y métodos: La presente investigación corresponde a una revisión sistemática, de tipo descriptiva, de ámbito documental y retrospectiva de la literatura. En la sistematización de las fuentes documentales y la formula- ción de la pregunta de investigación se aplicó la estrategia PICO. Se emplearon los siguientes términos de búsqueda para el idioma español e inglés: habilidades blandas, comu- nicación, pensamiento, estudiantes de odontología. Se selec- cionaron artículos en inglés y español publicados entre los años 2000 y 2023. Resultados: Se incluyeron 26 artículos que evidencia- ban que las habilidades más importantes eran: habilidades comunicativas, pensamiento crítico, resolución de problemas, toma de decisiones y trabajo en equipo; y también identifi- caban que los estudiantes al inicio del grado académico pre- sentan niveles inferiores de desarrollo de dichas habilidades. Conclusiones: Los estudios permitieron identificar la influencia de las habilidades blandas en la práctica dental y el desarrollo de estas habilidades en el ámbito académico, las que han dado resultados favorables en el ejercicio de la pro- fesión (AU)

Aim: The dentist must develop skills that will enable him to succeed in his profession. Currently, students focus on the development of technical skills, leaving behind the devel- opment of soft skills. The aim of this systematic review is to describe which are the soft skills with the greatest influence on dental practice and their level of development within the academic training of dental students. Materials and methods: This research corresponds to a systematic, descriptive, documentary, and retrospec- tive review of the literature. The PICO strategy was applied in the systematization of the documentary sources and the formulation of the research question. The following search terms were used for the Spanish and English languages: soft skills, communication, thinking, dental students. Articles in English and Spanish published between 2000 and 2023 were selected. Results: 26 articles were included that showed that the most important skills were: communication skills, critical thinking, problem solving, decision making and teamwork; and they also identified that students at the beginning of the academic degree present lower levels of development of these skills. Conclusions: The studies made it possible to identify the influence of soft skills in dental practice and the development of these skills in the academic field, which have given favora- ble results in the practice of the profession (AU))

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RESUMO

Recent research has documented the interest of organizations in training their staff in soft skills, but few studies have been found. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze 753 publications in the Scopus database related to soft skills in staff training during the period 1999-2021. These documents were analyzed to identify the main information, the most explored areas, and a future research agenda; all under a bibliometric and bibliographic approach with the help of RStudio and VOSviewer software. The results showed that the keywords with the most co-occurrence were personnel training (n = 110) and soft skills (n = 79). The year with the most documents was 2021 (n = 121). The country with the most publications was the United Kingdom (n = 199). Medicine is the subject area with the most documents (n = 278) and the Article is the type of document with the most studies (n = 566). Eleven areas of further exploration were identified: "Soft skills in software engineering at the higher education level", "Soft skills and communication", "Soft skills and engineering education", "Soft skills in virtual environments", "Soft skills in machine learning", "Serious games in teaching soft skills", "Soft skills for problem-based learning", "Soft skills for project management", "Soft skills and technical skills", "Project-based learning for the assessment of soft skills" and "Soft leadership skills". Five potential areas for future research were derived: soft skills in collaborative work (CSCL), soft skills in computer-aided collaborative work (CSCW), facial expressions as a mirror of soft skills, soft skills for employability and Professional Development Plan (PDP) to assess soft skills. In conclusion, this Review type document on soft skills in personnel training helped to identify the most studied topics during the evaluated period, as well as to identify the little explored topics for future research.

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Resumen: Hasta 80% de los errores médicos se deben a fallas en factores humanos (mala comunicación, monitoreo inadecuado, fallas de verificación, etc.), por lo que el entrenamiento de los anestesiólogos exige el desarrollo de habilidades no técnicas en anestesiología. Las habilidades no técnicas son las habilidades cognitivas, sociales y personales que complementan las habilidades técnicas, y que contribuyen al desempeño seguro y eficiente de la tarea. En 2004 la Universidad de Aberdeen fue la primera en plantear un modelo para la definición y evaluación de estas habilidades en el ámbito médico. El modelo práctico consta de 15 elementos incluidos en cuatro categorías: manejo de la tarea, trabajo en equipo, conciencia de la situación y toma de decisiones. La herramienta es utilizada por anestesiólogos graduados para evaluar a quienes están en entrenamiento en el quirófano o mediante simulación clínica. La validez de este sistema, así como su importancia en la seguridad del paciente, ha sido demostrada por diferentes estudios.

Abstract: Close to 80% of medical errors are due to human factors (poor communication, inadequate monitoring, failure to check, etc.), which is why training for anaesthetists requires developing essential soft skills for Anaesthesiology. Soft skills are defined as specific cognitive, socio-emotional and interpersonal abilities complementing core skills which contribute to the safe and efficient carrying out of a job-specific task. In 2004, the University of Aberdeen established a first model for defining and evaluating these soft skills. The model consists of 15 elements across four categories: task management, team working, situational awareness and decision-making. The model is a tool employed by postgraduate anaesthesiologists to assess trainees in the operating theatre or through clinical simulation. The validity of this system, as well as its importance for patient safety have been demonstrated in a range of studies.

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Muitos trabalhadores migraram para o teletrabalho durante a pandemia de COVID-19. A realização das tarefas integralmente em casa trouxe desafios, principalmente àqueles que não possuíam experiência anterior com a modalidade, como a conciliação trabalho-família e o uso de tecnologias digitais. Este estudo relata o desenvolvimento e as evidências de validade psicométrica da Escala de Habilidades para o Teletrabalho em Casa (EHTC). A pesquisa foi aplicada a 7.608 servidores de diferentes órgãos públicos brasileiros. Realizaram-se análises estatísticas descritivas, fatoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias e de confiabilidade. O instrumento possui uma estrutura empírica bifatorial que avalia habilidades para o balanceamento entre trabalho e outras atividades (soft skills) e para utilização de recursos digitais nas interações de trabalho (hard skills). A EHTC pode ser usada para identificar a adaptação e o preparo para o teletrabalho em casa e investigar associações entre essas habilidades e outros indicadores.

Many workers migrated to teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic. Performing work tasks entirely at home brought challenges, especially for those who had no previous experience with the modality, such as work-family conciliation and the use of digital technologies. This study reports the development and evidence of psychometric validity of the Skills for Working from Home scale (SWHS). The survey was applied to 7,608 government employees from Brazilian public agencies. Descriptive statistical analyses, and exploratory, confirmatory, and reliability factor analyses were performed. The instrument has a bifactorial empirical structure that assesses skills for balancing work and other activities (soft skills) and skills for using digital communication resources in work interactions (hard skills). The SWHS can be used to identify the adaptation and preparation for working from home, as well as to investigate possible associations between these skills and other indicators.

Muchos trabajadores migraron para el teletrabajo durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Realizar las tareas íntegralmente en casa trajo desafíos, especialmente para quienes no tenían experiencia previa con la modalidad, como la conciliación trabajo-familia y el uso de tecnologías digitales. Este estudio reporta el desarrollo y las evidencias de validad psicométrica de la Escala de Habilidades para el Teletrabajo en Casa (EHTC). La investigación se aplicó a 7.608 funcionarios de organos públicos brasileños. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, factoriales exploratorios, confirmatorios y de confiabilidad. El instrumento posee una estructura empírica bifactorial que evalúa habilidades para equilibrar el trabajo y otras actividades (soft skills) y para el uso de recursos digitales en las interacciones laborales (hard skills). La EHTC puede ser utilizada para identificar la adaptación y preparación para el teletrabajo en casa e investigar posibles asociaciones entre estas habilidades y otros indicadores.

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El trabajo del enfermero se centra en el cuidado del paciente, para lo cual se requiere el dominio de habilidades o competencias específicas. Habitualmente estas habilidades se separan en “duras” y “blandas”, relacionándose las primeras al dominio del conocimiento profesional. Por su parte, las habilidades o competencias blandas son “aquellas capacidades, disposiciones o destrezas necesarias para el desarrollo de una tarea de manera efectiva, y que marcan la diferencia en el otro cuando se usa un tono agradable o produce una grata experiencia”. Las competencias blandas influyen en gran medida en el desempeño del enfermero en el campo laboral, y en el grado de éxito de esta labor. En este artículo se revisan trabajos científicos que tienen como finalidad el análisis de la satisfacción del usuario de servicios de salud o su evaluación de la calidad de la atención recibida. En todos estos trabajos, la labor de los enfermeros es señalada por los usuarios como un factor indispensable para calificar el nivel de satisfacción. Además, los atributos que caracterizan la labor de los enfermeros y que influyen en esta calificación no sehayan asociados principalmente a competencias técnicas de los enfermeros, sino que más bien a competencias blandas, entre ellas, la comunicación, la confianza, la escucha activa, la cordialidad, la amabilidad y el trato tierno acompañado de una sonrisa. De esta revisión surge la calidez como la competencia más relevante que trasciende a las otras mencionadas, siendo el atributo diferenciador de la atención prestada desde la perspectiva del usuario.

The nurse´s work focuses on patient care, which requires the mastery of specifi c skills or competences. Usually, these skills are separated into “hard” and “soft” ones, relating the fi rst to the domain of professional knowledge. The soft skills are “those capacities, dispositions or skills required for the development of a task effectively and make a difference to the other when using a pleasant tone or produces a grateful experience”1. The soft skills strongly affect the expert performance of the nurse in the workplace and the degree of success of this work. In this article we review scientifi c studies that are aimed at analyzing user satisfaction in health services and his/ her evaluation of the quality of care received. In all these studies, the work of nurses is marked by users as an indispensable factor to be considered for rating the level of quality or satisfaction. In addition, the attributes that characterize the nurse´s work and infl uence this rating are not primarily associated with nurses’ technical skills, but rather with soft skills, including communication, trust, active listening, cordiality, kindness and gentle treatment accompanied by a smile. This review shows that warmth is the most important soft skill that transcends the others mentioned, being the key differentiating attribute of care from the user’s perspective.

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