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Background: On October 18th, 2019, protestors gathered across Chile to call for social equity, resulting in widespread civil unrest and violent confrontation with the police. In this study, we quantify the effects of the 2019 Chilean protests on emergency health services utilization and inpatient admission in Santiago. Methods: We used weekly emergency department (ED) admissions (2015-2019) from three large public hospitals near the focal point of protests in Santiago. The exposure period was from October 18th to December 31st, 2019. The outcomes were the number of weekly consultations and hospitalizations by trauma and respiratory causes and the proportion of hospitalizations among consultants per 1,000. We implemented Bayesian structural time series models to calculate the absolute and relative effects and 95% credible intervals (CrI). Findings: During the first ten weeks of protests ED consultations declined on average by 14% for trauma (95%CrI: -40·2%, 11·5%) and 30% for respiratory causes (95%CrI: -89·4%, 30·2%), 7% for respiratory hospitalizations (95%CrI: -43·6%, 30·8%); however, none of these three results were statistically distinguishable from the null. Trauma hospitalizations, on the other hand, increased by 15% (95%CrI: 4·0%, 26·4%), and the proportion of hospitalizations per consultations increased by 40% for trauma (95%CrI: 13·1%, 68·0%) and 59% for respiratory causes (95%CrI: 29·4%, 87·9%). Interpretation: The 2019 Chilean protests affected the use of emergency health services by increasing the trauma hospitalizations and the case hospitalization ratio per 1,000 consultations for trauma and respiratory causes. Crowd-control protocols must be reviewed to prevent the negative effects of civil unrest.
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Resumen Lo que logra develar las contundentes movilizaciones sociales ocurridas en el 2021 en Colombia, por un lado es el hastío social ante una profunda crisis económica, política, ética y ecológica es el cierre de un modelo. A la par, evidencia que estamos ante el surgimiento de otras formas organizativas y de acción, otras formas de conectarse, encontrarse, proyectar y programar, es una lógica reticular de sectores inconformes que dan cuenta de esa urgente necesidad de cambios en la forma de habitar el planeta, avanzar hacia otros modelos económicos, políticos y sociales que aún no se tienen claros. Retos que incluso, aún no asumen a profundidad las llamadas Instituciones de Educación Superior.
Abstract What the forceful social mobilizations, which took place in Colombia in 2021, reveal is, on the other hand, the social weariness in the face of a deep economic, political, ethical, and ecological crises, that is, the closure of a model. On the other hand, it is evidence that we are facing the emergence of other forms of organization and action; other ways of connecting, meeting, projecting, and programming. It is a reticular logic of nonconformist sectors, which account for the urgent need for changes in the way of inhabiting the planet, moving toward other economic, political, and social models, which are not yet clear. Challenges that even the so-called Higher Education Institutions have not yet assumed in depth.
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The protests in Chile in October 2019 raised the issue of health reform to the public agenda again. This article reviews some of the explanations for why there was a widespread protest, including the expectations of continued progress, the emergence of a "fear-based populism" and the decline in legitimacy of most social and political actors. Using the theories of Kingdon to explain how reforms are placed on the political agenda, we describe how the protests raised health reform as a problem to be addressed, discuss the tendency toward consensus on policy options by technical health reform advocates, and examine the uncertain political processes that would be necessary for a consensus reform to be adopted and implemented. A lesson for reformers is the need to pay attention to growing signs of popular resentment over failures of health reforms to address accumulating problems and to try to address them with urgency to avoid populist crises.
Assuntos
Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde/normas , Política de Saúde , Política , Chile , Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde/métodos , Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde/tendências , HumanosRESUMO
Assistimos no ano de 2011 diversas manifestações sociais distribuídas pelo mundo que podem ser pensadas como movimentos sociais contestadores de um quadro excludente no qual os Direitos Humanos se localizam hoje. Este artigo objetiva apresentar algumas análises realizadas a partir da investigação das manifestações, buscando elucidar panoramas políticos nos quais elas se fundaram e se instrumentalizaram. As manifestações sociais investigadas foram: o Occupy Wall Street; o Occupy London; a Primavera Árabe; e as Marchas da Liberdade no Brasil. A investigação científica ocorreu por meio de pesquisa documental dos acervos digitais das mídias jornalísticas: Carta Capital, Caros Amigos, Le Monde Diplomatique e The New York Times. Consideramos que as manifestações de 2011 compõem novo cenário de lutas por Direitos Humanos, pois se diferenciam das formas de organização dos movimentos do século XX. Apartidárias, sem lideranças, solidárias, as manifestações forjaram acontecimentos, provocaram deslocamentos na participação social e produziram assim nova cena política.(AU)
We have watched during the year of 2011 several social protests distributed around the world which can be thought as social movements protesting against the exclusionary picture in which Human Rights are today. This paper proposes to present some analysis undertaken after the investigation of the 2011 protests, attempting to elucidate the political backgrounds upon which they nucleated and instrumentalized. The investigated social protests were: Occupy Wall Street; Occupy London; Arab Spring; and the Brazilian Freedom Marches. The scientific investigation was undertaken through documental research. The researched sources were digital archives of news media: Carta Capital, Caros Amigos, Le Monde Diplomatique, and The New York Times. It was considered that the 2011 protests constitute new scenery in the struggle for assurance of Human Rights, for they differentiate themselves in several aspects from the organization patterns of the movements occurred in the twentieth century. Without political parties, without leadership, solidary, the protests forged facts that caused certain shifts in social participation as opposed to the current social organization and thus produced a new political scene.(AU)
Vimos en el año 2011 diversas manifestaciones sociales distribuidas por el mundo que pueden ser diseñadas como movimientos sociales contestadores del marco exclusivo en que Derechos Humanos se encuentran hoy. Este artículo se propone presentar un análisis de la investigación de las manifestaciones, tratando de dilucidar los panoramas políticos en los que fundaron y si instrumentalizarán. Las manifestaciones sociales investigadas eran: elOccupy Wall Street; el Occupy London; la Primavera Árabe; y las Marchas de la Libertad en Brasil. La investigación científica se produjo a través de la investigación documental de las siguientes colecciones digitales de medios periodísticos: Carta Capital, Caros Amigos, Le Monde Diplomatique y The New York Times. Estas manifestaciones conforman nuevo escenario de luchas por los Derechos Humanos, que difieren de las formas de organización de los movimientos que se produjeron en el siglo XX. Independientes, sin líderes, solidarias, provocaron compensaciones en participación social frente a la organización social imperante y produjeron un nuevo escenario político.(AU)
Nous avons regardé en 2011 plusieurs mouvements sociaux distribués partout dans le monde qui peuvent être considérés comme mouvements sociaux qui protestaient contre un cadre d'exclusion dans lequel les Droits Humains sont situés aujourd'hui. Cet article vise à présenter certains analyses effectuées à partir de l'investigation sur les manifestations, en essayant d'élucider des paysages politiques dans lesquels ils ont été fondées et instrumentalisées. Les mouvements sociaux qui ont été étudiés : l' Occupy Wall Street ; l'Occupy London ; le Printemps Arabe ; et les Marches de la Liberté au Brésil. La recherche scientifique a été réalisée via recherche documentaire des fichiers virtuels des médias journalistiques : Carta Capital, Caros Amigos, Le Monde Diplomatique e The New York Times. Nous croyons que les protestations de 2011 constituent un nouveau scénario de luttes pour les Droits Humains, parce que ils se diffèrent de l'organisation des mouvements du siècle XX. Non partisanes, sans lidérances, solidaires, ces protestations ont forgée événements, ils ont provoqué des changements dans la participation sociale et ont produit une nouvelle scène politique.(AU)
Assuntos
Problemas Sociais , Organização Social , Direitos HumanosRESUMO
Assistimos no ano de 2011 diversas manifestações sociais distribuídas pelo mundo que podem ser pensadas como movimentos sociais contestadores de um quadro excludente no qual os Direitos Humanos se localizam hoje. Este artigo objetiva apresentar algumas análises realizadas a partir da investigação das manifestações, buscando elucidar panoramas políticos nos quais elas se fundaram e se instrumentalizaram. As manifestações sociais investigadas foram: o Occupy Wall Street; o Occupy London; a Primavera Árabe; e as Marchas da Liberdade no Brasil. A investigação científica ocorreu por meio de pesquisa documental dos acervos digitais das mídias jornalísticas: Carta Capital, Caros Amigos, Le Monde Diplomatique e The New York Times. Consideramos que as manifestações de 2011 compõem novo cenário de lutas por Direitos Humanos, pois se diferenciam das formas de organização dos movimentos do século XX. Apartidárias, sem lideranças, solidárias, as manifestações forjaram acontecimentos, provocaram deslocamentos na participação social e produziram assim nova cena política...
We have watched during the year of 2011 several social protests distributed around the world which can be thought as social movements protesting against the exclusionary picture in which Human Rights are today. This paper proposes to present some analysis undertaken after the investigation of the 2011 protests, attempting to elucidate the political backgrounds upon which they nucleated and instrumentalized. The investigated social protests were: Occupy Wall Street; Occupy London; Arab Spring; and the Brazilian Freedom Marches. The scientific investigation was undertaken through documental research. The researched sources were digital archives of news media: Carta Capital, Caros Amigos, Le Monde Diplomatique, and The New York Times. It was considered that the 2011 protests constitute new scenery in the struggle for assurance of Human Rights, for they differentiate themselves in several aspects from the organization patterns of the movements occurred in the twentieth century. Without political parties, without leadership, solidary, the protests forged facts that caused certain shifts in social participation as opposed to the current social organization and thus produced a new political scene...
Vimos en el año 2011 diversas manifestaciones sociales distribuidas por el mundo que pueden ser diseñadas como movimientos sociales contestadores del marco exclusivo en que Derechos Humanos se encuentran hoy. Este artículo se propone presentar un análisis de la investigación de las manifestaciones, tratando de dilucidar los panoramas políticos en los que fundaron y si instrumentalizarán. Las manifestaciones sociales investigadas eran: elOccupy Wall Street; el Occupy London; la Primavera Árabe; y las Marchas de la Libertad en Brasil. La investigación científica se produjo a través de la investigación documental de las siguientes colecciones digitales de medios periodísticos: Carta Capital, Caros Amigos, Le Monde Diplomatique y The New York Times. Estas manifestaciones conforman nuevo escenario de luchas por los Derechos Humanos, que difieren de las formas de organización de los movimientos que se produjeron en el siglo XX. Independientes, sin líderes, solidarias, provocaron compensaciones en participación social frente a la organización social imperante y produjeron un nuevo escenario político...
Nous avons regardé en 2011 plusieurs mouvements sociaux distribués partout dans le monde qui peuvent être considérés comme mouvements sociaux qui protestaient contre un cadre d'exclusion dans lequel les Droits Humains sont situés aujourd'hui. Cet article vise à présenter certains analyses effectuées à partir de l'investigation sur les manifestations, en essayant d'élucider des paysages politiques dans lesquels ils ont été fondées et instrumentalisées. Les mouvements sociaux qui ont été étudiés : l' Occupy Wall Street ; l'Occupy London ; le Printemps Arabe ; et les Marches de la Liberté au Brésil. La recherche scientifique a été réalisée via recherche documentaire des fichiers virtuels des médias journalistiques : Carta Capital, Caros Amigos, Le Monde Diplomatique e The New York Times. Nous croyons que les protestations de 2011 constituent un nouveau scénario de luttes pour les Droits Humains, parce que ils se diffèrent de l'organisation des mouvements du siècle XX. Non partisanes, sans lidérances, solidaires, ces protestations ont forgée événements, ils ont provoqué des changements dans la participation sociale et ont produit une nouvelle scène politique...