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This study investigated the relationship between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), sleep disorders, the consumption of some nutrients, and social development factors, focusing on gender differences in an unbalanced dataset from a Mexico City cohort. We used data balancing techniques like SMOTE and ADASYN after employing machine learning models like random forest and RPART to predict MetS. Random forest excelled, achieving significant, balanced accuracy, indicating its robustness in predicting MetS and achieving a balanced accuracy of approximately 87%. Key predictors for men included body mass index and family history of gout, while waist circumference and glucose levels were most significant for women. In relation to diet, sleep quality, and social development, metabolic syndrome in men was associated with high lactose and carbohydrate intake, educational lag, living with a partner without marrying, and lack of durable goods, whereas in women, best predictors in these dimensions include protein, fructose, and cholesterol intake, copper metabolites, snoring, sobbing, drowsiness, sanitary adequacy, and anxiety. These findings underscore the need for personalized approaches in managing MetS and point to a promising direction for future research into the interplay between social factors, sleep disorders, and metabolic health, which mainly depend on nutrient consumption by region.

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PURPOSE: To analyze spatiotemporal trends in hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) sensitive to primary health care (PHC) among individuals aged 50-69 years in Paraná State, Brazil, from 2014 to 2019 and investigate correlations between PHC services and the Social Development Index. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional ecological study using publicly available secondary data to analyze the municipal incidence of hospitalizations for CVD sensitive to PHC and to estimate the risk of hospitalization for this group of diseases and associated factors using hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal modeling with Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. RESULTS: There was a 5% decrease in the average rate of hospitalizations for PHC-sensitive CVD from 2014 to 2019. Regarding standardized hospitalization rate (SHR) according to population size, we found that no large municipality had an SHR >2. Likewise, a minority of these municipalities had SHR values of 1-2 (33%). However, many small and medium-sized municipalities had SHR values >2 (47% and 48%, respectively). A greater Social Development Index value served as a protective factor against hospitalizations, with a relative risk of 0.957 (95% credible interval, 0.929-0.984). CONCLUSIONS: The annual risk of hospitalization decreased over time; however, small municipalities had the greatest rates of hospitalization, indicating an increase in health inequity. The inverse association between social development and hospitalizations for CVD sensitive to PHC raises questions about intersectionality in health care.

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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic brought with it a large number of adverse consequences for public health with serious socioeconomic repercussions. In this study we characterize the social, demographic, morbidity and mortality conditions of individuals treated for COVID-19 in one of the SARS-CoV-2 reference hospitals in Mexico City. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 259 patients discharged from the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, between April 11, 2020 and March 14, 2021. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the association between sociodemographic and clinical variables. An optimization was performed using maximum likelihood calculations to choose the best model compatible with the data. The maximum likelihood model was evaluated using ROC curves, goodnessof-fit estimators, and multicollinearity analysis. Statistically significant patterns of comorbidities were inferred by evaluating a hypergeometric test over the frequencies of co-occurrence of pairs of conditions. A network analysis was implemented to determine connectivity patterns based on degree centrality, between comorbidities and outcome variables. Results: The main social disadvantages of the studied population are related to the lack of social security (96.5%) and the lag in housing conditions (81%). Variables associated with the probability of survival were being younger (p < 0.0001), having more durable material goods (p = 0.0034) and avoiding: pneumonia (p = 0.0072), septic shock (p < 0.0001) and acute respiratory failure (p < 0.0001); (AUROC: 91.5%). The comorbidity network for survival cases has a high degree of connectivity between conditions such as cardiac arrhythmias and essential arterial hypertension (Degree Centrality = 90 and 78, respectively). Conclusions: Given that among the factors associated with survival to COVID-19 there are clinical, sociodemographic and social determinants of health variables, in addition to age; It is imperative to consider the various factors that may affect or modify the health status of a population, especially when addressing emerging epidemic phenomena such as the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Introducción: La pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) trajo aparejadas una gran cantidad de consecuencias adversas para la salud pública con serias repercusiones socioeconómicas. En este estudio caracterizamos las condiciones sociales, demográficas y de morbimortalidad de los casos atendidos por COVID-19 en uno de los hospitales de referencia de coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2) en la Ciudad de México. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal descriptivo en 259 pacientes egresados del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, entre el 11 de abril de 2020 y el 14 de marzo de 2021. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística multivariante para identificar la asociación entre variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Se realizó una optimización mediante cálculos de máxima verosimilitud para elegir el mejor modelo compatible con los datos. El modelo de máxima verosimilitud fue evaluado mediante curvas ROC, estimadores de bondad de ajuste y análisis de multicolinealidad. Se infirieron patrones de comorbilidades estadísticamente significativos mediante la evaluación de una prueba hipergeométrica en las frecuencias de coocurrencia de pares de condiciones. Se implementó un análisis de redes para determinar los patrones de conectividad basado en la centralidad de grado, entre algunas comorbilidades y las variables de desenlace. Resultados: Las principales desventajas sociales de la población estudiada se relacionan con la falta de seguridad social (96.5%) y el rezago en las condiciones de vivienda (81%). Las variables asociadas a la probabilidad de sobrevivir fueron tener una menor edad (p < 0.0001), contar con más bienes materiales durables (p = 0.0034) y evitar: la neumonía (p = 0.0072), el choque séptico (p < 0.0001) y la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (p < 0.0001); (AUROC: 91.5%). Las red de comorbilidades para los casos de supervivencia tienen un alto grado de conectividad entre padecimientos como las arritmias cardiacas e hipertensión arterial esencial (centralidad de grado: 90 y 78 respectivamente). Conclusiones: En vista de que entre los factores asociados a supervivencia existen variables clínicas, sociodemográficas y determinantes sociales de la salud, además de la edad, resulta imperativo considerar los diversos factores que puedan incidir o modificar el estado de salud de una población, sobre todo al abordar los fenómenos epidémicos emergentes como es el caso de la actual pandemia de COVID-19.

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Inequalities in oral health are influenced by the social strata of the population. Few studies have focused on the multitude of factors related to social development as indicators of living conditions and periodontal health status. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between self-reported periodontal conditions and the Social Development Index (SDI). A cross-sectional validated questionnaire was carried out among 1294 Mexican adults. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the best predictors of self-reported periodontal conditions. Bone loss reporting was used as a proxy for the presence of periodontal disease. We found that higher global scores on the SDI and quality and available space in the home (QASH) increase the probability of having bone loss. Global SDI (OR = 7.27) and higher QASH (OR = 3.66) were indeed the leading societal factors related to periodontal disease. These results have pointed out how SDI and its indicators, in particular QASH, can be used to further explore inequities related to privileged access to dental care in the context of periodontal diseases.

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Introducción: el artículo analiza los lineamientos en educación alimentaria y de fomento agrícola que circularon en la Revista Educador Sanitario, publicación oficial de la repartición nacional de educación sanitaria de Argentina durante la década de 1960. Desarrollo: el trabajo explora las adaptaciones discursivas de los sanitaristas argentinos a las directrices internacionales de desarrollo para promover la campaña mundial contra el "hambre oculta", definida como aquellos patrones culturales alimentarios de baja calidad nutricional. Luego, examina las prescripciones dietéticas para las familias populares que pretendían estimular como hábitos, calidad, variedad y austeridad. Por último, revisa las tensiones y las contradicciones inmanentes a las referencias eruditas en torno al fomento agrícola y a las reglas del libre comercio, al evidenciar las inequidades alimentarias y la falta de infraestructura federal para lograr la ansiada modernización agroalimentaria. Conclusiones: el discurso de los desarrollistas sobre alimentación nutritiva apropiadas por la revista fueron funcionales al clima de proscripción peronista. Los consejos dietéticos y en economía doméstica apuntaron a sustituir el consumo cárnico por otras fuentes proteicas, como legumbres y lácteos, y los hidratos de carbono simples, por complejos, como las hortalizas. No obstante, sus vinculaciones con el fomento a las agroeconomías de subsistencia refutaron la pre- valencia del "hambre oculta" como problema alimentario en Argentina, pues, en sintonía con los parámetros internacionales, de esta manera se propiciaría una dinámica de redistribución alimenticia, capaz de reponer las vacancias del mercado interno y de estimular las exportaciones netas al prevenir la erosión de los saldos exportables

Introduction: This article analyzes the guidelines on food education and agricultural promotion that circulated in the Revista Educador Sanitario, the official publication of the national health education department of Argentina during the 1960s. Development: The study explores the discursive adaptations by Argentinean sanitarians to the international development guidelines toward promoting the global campaign against "hidden hunger," which referred to the cultural eating patterns of low nutritional quality food. Then, the study examines the dietary prescriptions for popular families that were intended to stimulate quality, variety, and austerity as healthy habits. Finally, it reviews the tensions and contradictions immanent in the scholarly references to agricultural promotion and free trade rules, highlighting food inequities and the lack of infrastructure at the federal level to successfully achieve the desired agri-food modern- ization. Conclusions: The developmentalist disourse on nutritious food appropriated by the Revista were found to be functional to the climate of peronist prescription. Dietary and home economics suggestions attempted to substitute meat consumption for other protein sources such as legumes and dairy products and that of simple carbohydrates for complex ones such as vegetables. However, their links with the promotion of subsistence agro-economies refuted the prevalence of "hidden hunger" as a food problem in Argentina. In line with the international parameters, this approach would promote a dynamic of food redistribution to replenish the gaps in the domestic market and stimulate net exports by preventing the erosion of exportable balances.

Introdução: o artigo analisa as orientações sobre educação alimentar e promoção agrícola que circularam na Revista Educador Sanitário, publicação oficial do departamento nacional de educação sanitária da Argentina durante a década de 1960. Desenvolvimento: o trabalho explora as adaptações discursivas que foram feitas por sanitaristas argentinos às diretrizes de desenvolvimento internacional para promover a campanha global contra a "fome oculta", definida como aqueles padrões alimentares culturais de baixa qualidade nutricional. Em seguida, examina as prescrições alimentares para famílias populares que visavam estimular a qualidade, a variedade e a austeridade como hábitos. Por fim, revisa as tensões e contradições inerentes aos referenciais acadêmicos sobre desenvolvimento agrícola e regras de livre comércio, evidenciando as iniquidades alimentares e a falta de infraestrutura no nível federal para alcançar a tão esperada modernização agroalimentar. Conclusões: os discursos desenvolvimentistas sobre alimentação nutritiva apropriados pela Revista foram funcionais ao clima de proscrição pero- nista. Aconselhamento dietético e de economia doméstica visando a substituição do consumo de carne por outras fontes de proteína, como leguminosas e laticínios; e carboidratos simples para os complexos, como vegetais. No entanto, seus vínculos com a promoção de agroeconomias de subsistência refutaram a prevalência da "fome oculta" como problema alimentar na Argentina. Pois bem, em sintonia com os parâmetros internacionais, isso promoveria uma dinâmica de redistribuição de alimentos, capaz de repor as vagas no mercado interno e estimular as exportações líquidas ao evitar a erosão dos saldos exportáveis

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A crescente inserção dos profissionais de Educação Física no lazer reafirma as inúmeras possibilidades no mercado de trabalho, e a necessidade de uma formação que atenda a essas aspirações. Diante disso, a proposta investigada visa compreender como o lazer é tratado nos currículos dos cursos de Educação Física no sertão da Paraíba. Realizada a partir de buscas no e-Mec e plataformas digitais das instituições encontradas, a pesquisa se caracteriza como qualitativa e documental, sendo estabelecido as nomenclaturas "lazer" e "recreação" para a busca de conteúdos e disciplinas que contemplam a temática. No término do processo, foram encontradas treze instituições dispostas em nove cidades do sertão paraibano que certificam o caráter introdutório do lazer nos currículos de formação inicial, na oferta de poucas disciplinas e baixa carga horária.

The increasing insertion of Physical Education professionals in leisure reaffirms the numerous possibilities in the labor market, and the need for an education that meets these aspirations. Therefore, the investigated proposal aims to understand how leisure is dealt with in the curricula of Physical Education courses in the sertão of Paraíba. Conducted from searches in e-Mec and digital platforms of the institutions found, the research is characterized as qualitative and documentary, being established the nomenclatures "leisure" and "recreation" for the search for content and subjects that contemplate the theme. At the end of the process, thirteen institutions in nine cities in the sertão of Paraiba were found that certify the introductory nature of leisure in the initial training curricula, offering few subjects and low workload.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a violent environment on mental health and the impact of a sport for social development (SSD) program on quality of life, mental distress symptoms, and heart rate variability (HRV). HRV and psychometric data were measured from 20 men professional athletes assisted by the SSD and 20 men living in the same violent community. The comparison of groups revealed greater sympathetic parameters of HRV, positive affect, and quality of life in the SSD group. Multiple regression analysis showed that the quality of life in the SSD group was positively predicted by positive affect, while in the control group the quality of life was negatively predicted by their history of traumatic events. Both groups reported high levels of exposure to traumatic events and posttraumatic stress symptoms. However, this study demonstrates the benefits of SSD programs in mental health.

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Background: Sustained social withdrawal is a key indicator of child emotional distress and a risk factor for psychological development. Preterm infants have a higher probability of developing sustained social withdrawal than infants born full-term during their first year. Objective: To compare the effect of a behavioral guidance intervention to that of routine pediatric care on sustained social withdrawal behavior in preterm infants. Design: Multicenter randomized clinical trial. Participants: Ninety nine moderate and late preterm newborns and their parents were recruited and randomized into two groups, i.e., Intervention (n = 49) and Control (n = 50). Both groups attended medical check-ups at 2, 6 and 12 months and were assessed with the Alarm Distress Baby Scale. The intervention group received a standardized behavioral intervention if the neonatologist detected sustained social withdrawal. Also, parents filled out the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the modified-Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire, and the Impact of Event Scale-revised. Results: At baseline, the prevalence of withdrawal was 4.0% (95% CI: 0.03-14.2) for the control group and 22.4% (95% CI: 13.0-35.9) for the intervention group [OR = 0.22, p = 0.028 (95% CI =0.06-0.84)]. At 6 months, the prevalence was 10.0% (95% CI: 3.9-21.8) for the control group and 6.1% (95% CI: 2.1-16.5) for the intervention group [OR = 2.09, p = 0.318 (95% CI = 0.49-8.88)]. At 12 months, the prevalence was 22.0% (95% CI: 12.8-35.2) for the control group and 4.1% (95% CI: 1.1-13.7) for the intervention group [OR = 6.63, p = 0.018 (95% CI = 1.39-31.71)]. Logistic generalized estimating equation models were performed. The pooled crude OR (considering diagnosis at 6 and 12 months) was 3.54 [p = 0.022 (95% CI = 1.20-10.44); Cohen's d= 0.70]. In the case of pooled adjusted OR, the model considered diagnosis (0 = Withdrawal, 1 = Normal) as the dependent variable, time of evaluation (1= 6 months, 2 = 12 months) and group (0 = Control, 1 = Experimental) as factors. In this case, the pooled adjusted OR was 3.57 [p = 0.022 (95% CI = 1.20-10.65); Cohen's d = 0.70]. Conclusion: Assessment and intervention of sustained social withdrawal in preterm infants via standardized instruments benefits families by reducing its prevalence, and possible associated negative outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03212547, identifier: NCT03212547.

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The study aimed to identify the influence of physical education on socialization among students in relation to classroom time and recreation. Quali-quantitative observational research was carried out with descriptive analysis of the data in a private school in Petrolândia, Pernambuco, Brazil. The results of the research show that Physical Education classes promote greater interaction among students. In conclusion, it is observed that physical education classes are of fundamental importance for the interaction of students within the school environment

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar a influência da Educação Física na socialização entre os escolares em relação ao tempo de aula e do recreio. Foi realizada pesquisa observacional quali-quantitativa, com análise descritiva dos dados, em uma escola particular de Petrolândia, Pernambuco, Brasil. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que as aulas de Educação Física promovem maior interação entre os alunos. Em conclusão, observa-se que as aulas de Educação Física são de fundamental importância para a interação dos alunos dentro do ambiente escolar

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RESUMEN Se presentan los resultados del estudio documental que tuvo como objetivo interpretar las trayectorias del pensamiento crítico social y ambiental en las tesis de la Maestría en Desarrollo Sostenible y Medio Ambiente de la Universidad de Manizales. La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa con alcance interpretativo, para lo cual se empleó la revisión sistemática de literatura y el análisis categorial como recursos metodológicos; las fases de la investigación fueron la exploración y el análisis documental de 76 tesis desarrolladas entre 2007 y 2018, con una organización en dos categorías: la racionalidad social y la racionalidad ambiental. Respecto a la racionalidad social se encontró un enfoque del desarrollo humano a partir de la postura de los investigadores para el examen crítico de sí mismo y de las propias tradiciones, la habilidad para un pensamiento desde la diversidad y la pluralidad y la necesidad de entender los sufrimientos ajenos. Y en la racionalidad ambiental, los investigadores demuestran su postura en torno a la racionalidad sustantiva, teórica, técnica y cultural para identificar y reducir las problemáticas ambientales. Se idéntico la línea del pensamiento lógico disciplinar para posteriores estudios.

ABSTRACT The results of the documentary study that aimed to interpret the trajectories of critical social and environmental thought in the theses of the Master's Degree in Sustainable Development and Environment at the University of Manizales are presented. The methodology used was qualitative with an interpretative scope, for which the systematic literature review and categorical analysis were used as methodological resources; the phases of the research were the exploration and documentary analysis of 76 theses developed between 2007 to 2018; with an organization in two categories: social rationality and environmental rationality. Regarding social rationality, an approach to human development was found from the position of researchers for the critical examination of themselves and their own traditions, the ability to think from diversity and plurality and the need to understand the sufferings of others. And in environmental rationality, researchers show their position around substantive, theoretical, technical and cultural rationality to identify and reduce environmental problems. The line of disciplinary logical thought was identical for later studies.

RESUMO Apresentamos os resultados do estudo documental que visou interpretar as trajetórias do pensamento crítico social e ambiental nas teses do Mestrado em Desenvolvimento Sustentável e Meio Ambiente da Universidade de Manizales. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa com escopo interpretativo, para a qual a revisão sistemática da literatura e a análise categórica foram utilizadas como recursos metodológicos; as fases da pesquisa foram a exploração e análise documental de 76 teses desenvolvidas entre 2007 e 2018, com uma organização em duas categorias: racionalidade social e racionalidade ambiental. Com relação à racionalidade social, encontramos uma abordagem do desenvolvimento humano baseada na postura dos pesquisadores para o exame crítico de si mesmos e de suas próprias tradições, a capacidade de pensar a partir da diversidade e pluralidade e a necessidade de compreender o sofrimento dos outros. E na racionalidade ambiental, os pesquisadores demonstram sua posição sobre a racionalidade substantiva, teórica, técnica e cultural para identificar e reduzir as questões ambientais. A linha de pensamento lógico disciplinar é identificada para estudos futuros.

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Immature indivuduals influence the formation and maintenance of social relationships within groups in diverse ways. Because of the increased interest of group members toward newborns, lactating females may use infants as social tools to temporally gain rank positions in matrilineal societies, and differential support received by the mothers may bias the network of immatures born to females of different ranks. In this study, we investigated the changes in proximity, grooming, play, and agonism networks of lactating females and immatures of different developmental periods, sex, and mothers' dominance rank. A semi-free-ranging group of 22 capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp) was monitored for 12 months, totaling over 300 hours of observation. During this period, the age changes of 13 immatures were monitored and recorded. Best regression models showed that an increased number of grooming partners while lactating did not translate into changes in the proximity or agonistic network positions for females. Age was the main predictor of social network changes, while sex had a minor influence on the play network and no influence on the grooming or agonistic networks. Finally, mothers' rank predicted differences in the affiliative but not the agonistic social network. This pattern points to a more affiliative and individual-based rather than agonistic and nepotism-based strategy for social network insertion, which can be explained by the decreased competition faced by the focal group and by the behavioral flexibility of the clade.

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Poverty and teenage pregnancy are common in low-and-middle-income countries and can impede the development of healthy parent-child relationships. This study aimed to test whether a home-visiting intervention could improve early attachment relationships between adolescent mothers and their infants living in poverty in Brazil. Analyses were conducted on secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial (NCT0280718) testing the efficacy of a home-visiting program, Primeiros Laços, on adolescent mothers' health and parenting skills and their infants' development. Pregnant youth were randomized to intervention (n = 40) or care-as-usual (CAU, n = 40) from the first trimester of pregnancy until infants were aged 24 months. Mother-infant attachment was coded during a mother-infant interaction when the infants were aged 12 months. Electrophysiological correlates of social processing (mean amplitude of the Nc component) were measured while infants viewed facial images of the mother and a stranger at age 6 months. Infants in the intervention group were more securely attached and more involved with their mothers than those receiving CAU at 12 months. Smaller Nc amplitudes to the mother's face at 6 months were associated with better social behavior at 12 months. Our findings indicate that the Primeiros Laços Program is effective in enhancing the development of mother-infant attachment.

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RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una propuesta educativa, basada en el entrenamiento de la lucha olímpica para el desarrollo personal y social en adolescentes, en escenarios extracurriculares. Para ello, se utilizaron las metodologías: etnográfica y documental, con la finalidad de poder contestar a la interrogante: ¿Puede haber desarrollo personal y social al entrenar la lucha libre en las instituciones educativas? Se aplicó la revisión bibliográfica en dos fases: la primera, denominada fase I, permitió el análisis de las unidades temáticas seleccionadas para luego asumir una fase II la cual fue propositiva con base en la argumentación teórica y la contextualización que permitiera presentar los objetivos, la metodología pedagógica, la relación con el currículo oficial de Educación Física, las actividades generales y la evaluación para completar algunos vacíos de información. Se aplicó la entrevista a diez profesores de Educación Física de instituciones educativas de la región costa; todos ellos exdeportistas de lucha libre. Ambos instrumentos se basaron bajo dos dimensiones: la primera la lucha olímpica, entre lo curricular y lo extracurricular y la segunda, la lucha olímpica en la formación personal y social del adolescente. Después de hacer un análisis crítico a los resultados, se pudo obtener la propuesta extracurricular de lucha libre. Se aborda la importancia de la implementación de la lucha olímpica como actividad innovadora extracurricular, que potencia el desarrollo personal en cuanto a la autoestima, autocontrol y cuidado de sí mismo, así como habilidades sociales de cooperación, respeto a las reglas y cuidado del otro.

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma proposta educativa, baseada na formação da luta olímpica para o desenvolvimento pessoal e social dos adolescentes, em contextos extracurriculares. Para este efeito, foram utilizadas as seguintes metodologias: etnográfica e documental, a fim de responder à pergunta: Pode haver desenvolvimento pessoal e social na formação de luta livre em instituições de ensino? A revisão bibliográfica foi aplicada em duas fases: a primeira, chamada fase I, permitiu a análise das unidades temáticas selecionadas e depois assumir uma fase II que foi propositiva com base na argumentação teórica e na contextualização que permitiu apresentar os objetivos, a metodologia pedagógica, a relação com o currículo oficial da Educação Física, as atividades gerais e a avaliação para completar algumas lacunas de informação. A entrevista foi conduzida com dez professores de Educação Física de instituições educativas da região da costa, todos eles ex-atletas de luta-livre. Ambos os instrumentos se baseavam em duas dimensões: a primeira era a luta olímpica, entre o curricular e extracurricular, e a segunda, a luta olímpica na formação pessoal e social do adolescente. Após uma análise crítica dos resultados, foi obtida a proposta de luta livre extracurricular. É abordada a importância da implementação da luta livre olímpica como actividade extracurricular inovadora, que potência o desenvolvimento pessoal em termos de autoestima, autocontrolo e autocuidado, bem como competências sociais de cooperação, respeito pelas regras e cuidados com os outros.

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to present an educational proposal based on Olympic Wrestling training for personal and social development in teenagers in extracurricular settings. For this, the ethnographic and documentary methodologies were used in order to answer the question, can there be personal and social development when training wrestling in educational institutions? The bibliographic review was applied in two phases, the first one, called phase I, allowed the analysis of the selected thematic units to later assume a phase II, which was propositional based on the theoretical argumentation and the contextualization that allowed to present the objectives, the pedagogical methodology, the relationship with the official Physical Education curriculum, general activities and evaluation; to fill in some information gaps, the interview was applied to ten physical education teachers from educational institutions in the Costa region, all of them former wrestling athletes. Both instruments were based on two dimensions: the first one, The Olympic Wrestling: between the curricular and the extracurricular, and the second one, The Olympic wrestling in the personal and social formation of the teenagers. After a critical analysis of the results, the extracurricular wrestling proposal was obtained. It addresses the importance of implementing Olympic Wrestling as an innovative extracurricular activity, which promotes personal development in terms of self-esteem, self-control and self-care, as well as social skills of cooperation, respect for rules and care for others.

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The complex etiology of CVD is known to be significantly affected by environmental and social factors. There is, however, a lag in our understanding of how population level components may be related to the onset and severity of CVD, and how some indicators of unsatisfied basic needs might be related to known risk factors. Here, we present a cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the association between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and Social Development Index (SDI) in adult individuals within a metropolitan urban environment. The six components of SDI as well as socioeconomic, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and risk behavior parameters were explored within the study population. As a result, several CVRF (waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, glucose, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and sodium) were found in a higher proportion in the low or very low levels of the SDI, and this pattern occurs more in women than in men. Canonical analysis indicates a correlation between other socioeconomic features and anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical factors (canonical coefficient = 0.8030). Further studies along these lines are needed to fully establish how to insert such associations into the design of health policy and interventions with a view to lessen the burden of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in metropolitan urban environments.

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O artigo apresenta uma breve descrição da trajetória do Grupo de Pesquisa Coletivo Nordestino de Atenção ao Tempo Livre e Lazer ­ CONTEMPLAR, sediado na Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, no município de Parnaíba, Piauí/Brasil. A partir da análise documental e descritiva foi realizado um relato histórico e elencadas as perspectivas teóricas que embasam as linhas de pesquisa do grupo de pesquisa. Em 2018, a partir da institucionalização formal, o coletivo definiu quatro linhas para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, extensão e divulgação científica, quais sejam: "Ócio, Bem estar e Desenvolvimento Humano", "Inovação, Criatividade e Tecnologias de Entretenimento e Lazer", "Políticas públicas e movimentos sociais em lazer" e "Territórios, espaços e lugares de lazer". Apesar da independência estratégica de cada linha, as premissas do ócio humanista, do desenvolvimento humano e da teoria das necessidades correspondem ao pano de fundo que estrutura a base conceitual dos estudos.

This article presents a brief description of the trajectory of Grupo de Pesquisa Coletivo Nordestino de Atenção ao Tempo Livre e Lazer - CONTEMPLAR, hosted at the Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, at the county of Parnaíba, Piauí/Brasil. From the descriptive and documental analysis, an historic report was made and the theoretical perspectives were listed, which base the research lines from the research group. In 2018, from the formal institutionalization, the collective defined four lines for the development of the scientific research, extension and promotion, which are: "Leisure, Well-being and Human Development", "Innovation, Creativity, Leisure and Entertainment Technologies", "Public policies and leisure social movements" and "Territories, Spaces and places of leisure". Although the strategic independence of each line, the premises of humanistic leisure, human development and theory of necessity all correspond to the background that structures the conceptual base of the studies.

El artículo presenta una breve descripción de la trayectoria del Grupo de Pesquisa Coletivo Nordestino de Atenção ao Tempo Livre e Lazer ­ CONTEMPLAR, con sede en la Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, en el municipio de Parnaíba, Piauí/Brasil. A partir del análisis documental y descriptivo, se realizó un relato histórico y se enumeraron las perspectivas teóricas que sustentan las líneas de investigación del grupo de investigación. En 2018, a partir de la institucionalización formal, el colectivo definió cuatro líneas para el desarrollo de la investigación, extensión y divulgación científica, a saber: "Políticas Públicas y Movimientos Sociales en el Ocio", "Ocio, Bienestar y Desarrollo Humano", "Innovación, Creatividad y Tecnologías de Entretenimiento y Ocio" y "Territorios, Espacios y Lugares de Ocio". A pesar de la independencia estratégica de cada línea, las premisas del ocio humanista, el desarrollo humano y la teoría de las necesidades corresponden al trasfondo que estructura la base conceptual de los estudios.

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INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is the primary cause of death among infectious diseases affecting groups in extreme poverty. Social improvements could reverse this situation in Brazil. This study aims to demonstrate the spatial relationship between social development (SD) and TB mortality in Natal, a city in northeastern Brazil. METHODOLOGY: Ecological study. The study population comprised TB deaths recorded in the Mortality Information System between 2008 and 2014. The units of analysis were 59 human development units (HDUs). Raw and smoothed mortality rates were calculated using the global empirical Bayes method. Primary components analysis was used to develop the SD indicators. An association between TB mortality and SD was verified using multiple linear regression analysis. Spatial autocorrelation was verified using models with global spatial effects. Analyses were performed using Statistica version 12.0, ArcGIS version 10.2, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0, and OpenGeoDa 1.0.1. The significance level was established at 5% (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The TB mortality rate with non-random spatial distribution ranged between 0.52 and 8.90 per 100,000 inhabitants. The spatial lag model was chosen because it presented the highest log-likelihood value, lowest AIC, and highest R2. A negative association was found between TB mortality and SD (R2 = 0.207; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The results show a negative association between TB mortality and the high SD indicator. This study can support decision-making in terms of collective projects within public health in order to link the health field to other sectors, aiming for social well-being and human development.

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Resumen Las evaluaciones aleatorizadas del impacto económico de programas sociales son exiguas en Latinoamérica y en la salud pública en general. Objetivo: Caracterizar los estudios sobre la evaluación aleatorizada del impacto de programas sociales contra la pobreza en la obra de Esther Duflo. Metodología: Revisión sistemática, en la que se aplica la guía prisma en nueve bases de datos. Se garantizó reproducibilidad de la selección de estudios y extracción de la información. Se realizó síntesis cualitativa de los resultados, mediante descripción de las poblaciones, las intervenciones, los controles y los desenlaces evaluados. Resultados: Se analizaron 34 evaluaciones aleatorias de programas sociales contra la pobreza, el 41,2 % en educación; el 20,6 % en salud; el 8,8 % sobre microcréditos; el 8,8 % en participación política de las mujeres y el 5,9 % en transferencias directas a poblaciones pobres. Las restantes evaluaron el uso de fertilizantes, veedurías a policías, consecución de empleo y control a las emisiones ambientales en plantas industriales. Conclusión: Los mejores impactos se reportaron en educación y salud, lo que se relaciona con el capital humano, la participación laboral efectiva y la reducción de la pobreza. Esto constituye un soporte de gran relevancia para la salud pública basada en la evidencia y permite identificar ejes de política pública para reducir la pobreza, combatir las inequidades sociales y mejorar el uso de recursos económicos para la gestión pública.

Abstract Randomized assessments of the economic impact of social programs are meager in Latin America and in public health in general. Objective: To characterize studies on the randomized evaluation of the impact of social programs against poverty in the work of Esther Duflo. Methodology: Systematic review, in which we applied the PRISMA guide to nine databases. We ensured the reproducibility of the selection of studies and information extraction. We carried out a qualitative synthesis of the results by describing the populations, interventions, controls, and the evaluated outcomes. Results: We analyzed 34 randomized evaluations of social programs against poverty, 41.2% in education; 20.6% in health; 8.8% on micro-credit; 8.8% in political participation of women and 5.9% in direct transfers to poor populations. The remaining evaluated the use of fertilizers, police watchdogs, obtaining employment and control of environmental emissions in industrial plants. Conclusion: The best impacts were reported in education and health, which is related to human capital, labor force participation and effective poverty reduction. This is a significant support to evidence based public health and allows us to identify lines of public policy to reduce poverty, combat social inequities and improve the use of economic resources for public management.

Resumo As avaliações randomizadas do impacto econômico de programas sociais são escassas na América Latina e na saúde pública em geral. Objetivo: Caracterizar os estudos sobre a avaliação randomizada do impacto de programas sociais contra a pobreza na obra de Esther Duflo. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática na qual se aplica a guia PRISMA em 9 bases de dados. Garantiu-se a reprodutibilidade dos estudos selecionados e a extração da informação. Foi realizada uma síntese qualitativa dos resultados, através da descrição das populações, das intervenções, dos controles e dos resultados avaliados. Resultados: Foram analisadas 34 avaliações randomizadas de programas sociais contra a pobreza, com 41,2% em educação; 20,6% em saúde: 8,8% sobre microcréditos; 8,8% em participação política das mulheres e 5,9% em transferências diretas às populações carentes. As restantes avaliaram o uso de fertilizantes, supervisão a policiais, obtenção de emprego e controle de emissões ambientais em plantas industriais. Conclusões: Os melhores impactos foram registrados nas áreas de educação e saúde, relacionados com o capital humano, a participação efetiva no trabalho e a redução da pobreza. Esses fatores representam um apoio de grande importância para a saúde pública baseada em evidência e permite identificar os eixos de política pública para reduzir a pobreza, combater as desigualdades sociais e melhorar o uso de recursos econômicos para a gestão pública.

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BACKGROUND: Preterm newborns can be exposed early to significant perinatal stress, and this stress can increase the risk of altered socioemotional development. Sustained social withdrawal in infants is an early indicator of emotional distress which is expressed by low reactivity to the environment, and if persistent, is frequently associated with altered psychological development. Infants born prematurely have a higher probability of developing sustained social withdrawal (adjusted odds ratio 1.84, 95% CI 1.04-3.26) than infants born full term, and there is a correlation between weight at birth and sustained social withdrawal at 12 months of age. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study are to compare the effect of the interactive guidance intervention to that of routine pediatric care on sustained social withdrawal in infants born moderately or late preterm and to explore the relationship between sustained social withdrawal in these infants and factors such as neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization variables, parental depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. METHODS: This study is designed as a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Moderate and late preterm newborns and their parents were recruited and randomized (1:1 allocation ratio) to control and experimental groups. During neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization, daily duration of skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and parental visits were recorded. Also, a daily score for neonatal pain and painful invasive procedures were recorded. After discharge from neonatal intensive care, for the duration of the study, both groups will attend follow-up consultations with neonatologists at 2, 6, and 12 months of age (corrected for gestational age) and will receive routine pediatric care. Every consultation will be recorded and assessed with the Alarm Distress Baby Scale to detect sustained social withdrawal (indicated by a score of 5 or higher). The neonatologists will perform an interactive guidance intervention if an infant in the intervention group exhibits sustained social withdrawal. In each follow-up consultation, parents will fill out the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the modified Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire, and the Impact of Event Scale-revised. RESULTS: Recruitment for this trial started in September 2017. As of May 2020, we have completed enrollment (N=110 infants born moderately or late preterm). We aim to publish the results by mid-2021. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first randomized controlled trial with a sample of infants born moderately or late preterm infants who will attend pediatric follow-up consultations during their first year (corrected for gestational age at birth) with neonatologists trained in the Alarm Distress Baby Scale and who will receive this interactive guidance intervention. If successful, this early intervention will show significant potential to be implemented in both public and private health care, given its low cost of training staff and that the intervention takes place during routine pediatric follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03212547; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03212547. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/17943.

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RESUMEN El año 2020 sorprende al mundo con un nuevo coronavirus que produce la enfermedad COVID-19 altamente contagiosa, de una significativa letalidad. La enfermedad se expande por todos los continentes y se convierte en un desafío para la comunidad científica, los sistemas de salud, los servicios sociales, los gobiernos nacionales y los medios de comunicación social. Ante la emergencia, los saberes sociales contribuyen a la movilización e incorporación social de personas y grupos a la promoción de salud, a la generación, implementación y evaluación de políticas sociales dirigidas a minimizar los efectos de la pandemia. En el presente trabajo se propone como objetivo analizar, desde la perspectiva de la interrelación entre ciencia, tecnología y sociedad, los modelos de desarrollo social que priorizan lo económico sobre otros aspectos de la vida social.

ABSTRACT The year 2020 surprises the world with a new coronavirus that produces the illness COVID-19 highly contagious, of a significant lethality. The illness expands to all the continents and turns into a challenge for the scientific community, the systems of health, the social services, the national governments and the media of social communication. Before the emergency, the social knowledge helps to the mobilization and social incorporation of persons and groups to the health promotion, to the generation, implementation and evaluation of social policies directed to minimize the effects of the pandemic. The present work proposes as objective to analyze, from the perspective of the interrelation between science, technology and society, the models of social development which prioritize the economy instead of other aspects of the social life.

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Resumen (analítico) Analizamos los factores que promueven la incursión de menores de edad a mercados laborales ilícitos en la frontera norte de México. Se analiza el caso de los niños, niñas y adolescentes de circuito. Llevamos a cabo una revisión bibliográfica, hemerográfica, así como desarrollamos y aplicamos indicadores de desarrollo social en una de las regiones de mayor incidencia del fenómeno y realizamos entrevistas a actores clave en la atención institucional a esta población. Concluimos que este fenómeno tiene un origen multifactorial, pero con un trasfondo geográfico y de deficiencias en desarrollo social con una visión incluyente de la niñez y la adolescencia.

Abstract (analytical) In this study the authors explore the factors that promote the involvement of children and adolescences in illicit labor markets in Mexico's northern border region. The study analyses cases from the population known as circuit children and adolescents. The research includes bibliographic, hemerographic, and statistical analyses, as well as the application of social development indicators in one of the regions that has the highest concentration of cases. The study also included interviews with key informants who provide institutional assistance to this population. The authors conclude that there are multiple factors that contribute to the insertion of minors in illicit labor markets. These can be traced to geographic conditions and a lack of social development that has an inclusive vision for children and adolescents.

Resumo (analítico) Este artigo analisa a relação entre as condições de desenvolvimento social e a incursão de menores de idade em mercados de trabalho ilícitos na fronteira norte do México. Analisa-se o caso de meninos, meninas e adolescentes de circuito. Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica, hemerográfica, desenvolveram-se e aplicaram-se indicadores de desenvolvimento social em uma das regiões com maior incidência do fenômeno, e realizaram-se entrevistas com atores-chave no atendimento institucional dessa população. Concluiu-se que esse fenômeno tem origem geográfica e multifatorial, mas com um pano de fundo de deficiências no desenvolvimento social com visão inclusiva da infância e adolescência.

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