Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of the article was to investigate the possible inducing factors that contributed to determine the frequency of social conflicts at the subnational level in Peru between 2016 and 2021, including income inequality, social exclusion, fiscal centralism, corruption and revocation of authorities, for which four regression models were built. Disaggregated official data from the 24 departments and the provinces of Lima and Callao were analyzed. Economic inequality was associated with the Gini coefficient. To establish the association between social conflict and the inducers, it was estimated using Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient. Statistical calculation was also employed to appreciate the collinearity between the inducers. The results showed that the revocation of subnational authorities determines 42.5% of social conflict. On the other hand, corruption and fiscal centralism determine 28.5% of the perception of suffering social exclusion. Inequality and social conflict determined 21.8% of the relevance of the execution and quality of public spending by the national government in the regions. Sixty percent of social conflicts in Peru are of an environmental nature. The population that has declared the greatest discrimination corresponds to Puno (28%). 55.6% of those surveyed consider corruption to be one of the country's main problems. Corruption and social exclusion have a negative impact on the effectiveness of economic results and promote social conflicts. Inefficient use of fiscal resources translates into low quality of services and diminished credibility of the national and subnational governments. This situation highlights the need to design public policies that reduce conflicts and promote adequate governance.

RESUMO

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms include inappropriate control of anger and severe emotional dysregulation after rejection in daily life. Nevertheless, when using the Cyberball paradigm, a tossing game to simulate social exclusion, the seven basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, disgust, and contempt) have not been exhaustively tracked out. It was hypothesized that these patients would show anger, contempt, and disgust during the condition of exclusion versus the condition of inclusion. When facial emotions are automatically detected by Artificial Intelligence, "blending", -or a mixture of at least two emotions- and "masking", -or showing happiness while expressing negative emotions- may be most easily traced expecting higher percentages during exclusion rather than inclusion. Therefore, face videos of fourteen patients diagnosed with BPD (26 ± 6 years old), recorded while playing the tossing game, were analyzed by the FaceReader software. The comparison of conditions highlighted an interaction for anger: it increased during inclusion and decreased during exclusion. During exclusion, the masking of surprise; i.e., displaying happiness while feeling surprised, was significantly more expressed. Furthermore, disgust and contempt were inversely correlated with greater difficulties in emotion regulation and symptomatology, respectively. Therefore, the automatic detection of emotional expressions during both conditions could be useful in rendering diagnostic guidelines in clinical scenarios.

RESUMO

Resumen Se plantearon dos objetivos: (O1) analizar los efectos de una intervención de artes marciales sobre las actitudes hacia la violencia; (O2) Señalar estrategias pedagógicas útiles para este tipo de programas. Se diseñó un estudio de caso dentro de un proceso de investigación-acción participativa. Participaron siete estudiantes de educación primaria (6-11 años) usuarios de un centro de día. Se implementó una intervención de ocho semanas (15 sesiones) basada en el Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). Se recogió información a través de grupos de discusión, entrevistas individuales y diario del profesor. El análisis produjo tres categorías/temas (nueve subcategorías): cambios (actitudes hacia la violencia, comportamiento, relaciones sociales), sensaciones (positivas, negativas) y estrategias pedagógicas (contacto físico, etiqueta, encargado, juegos con momentos de calma). Los objetivos planteados fueron ampliamente conseguidos, disminuyendo las actitudes hacia la violencia de los participantes (O1) y señalando estrategias pedagógicas para poder replicar la intervención en diferentes contextos (O2). Por lo tanto, el programa puede considerarse un éxito para la mejora de las actitudes hacia violencia de jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión que acudan a un centro de día.

Resumo Foram definidos dois objetivos: (O1) analisar os efeitos de uma intervenção de artes marciais nas atitudes face à violência; (O2) Apontar estratégias pedagógicas para esse tipo de programa. Um estudo de caso foi desenhado dentro de um processo de pesquisa-ação participativa. Participaram sete alunos do ensino básico (6-11 anos), utentes de um centro de dia. Foi implementada uma intervenção de oito semanas (15 sessões) baseada no Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. As informações foram coletadas por meio de grupos focais, entrevistas individuais e diário do professor. A análise produziu três categorias/temas (nove subcategorias): mudanças (atitudes perante à violência, comportamento, relações sociais), sensações (positivas, negativas) e estratégias pedagógicas (contato físico, etiqueta, gerente, jogos com momentos de calma). Os objetivos declarados foram em grande parte alcançados através da redução das atitudes dos participantes face à violência (O1) e da indicação de estratégias pedagógicas para poder replicar a intervenção em diferentes contextos (O2). Portanto, o programa pode ser considerado um sucesso por melhorar as atitudes face à violência entre os jovens em risco de exclusão que frequentam um centro de dia.

Abstract Two objectives were set: (O1) to analyze the effects of a martial arts intervention on attitudes towards violence; (O2) Point out pedagogical strategies for this type of program. A case study was designed within a participatory-action-research process. Seven primary school students (6-11 years old), users of a day center, participated. An eight-week intervention (15 sessions) based on Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu was implemented. Information was collected through focus groups, individual interviews and the teacher's diary. The analysis produced three categories/themes (nine subcategories): changes (attitudes towards violence, behavior, social relationships), sensations (positive, negative) and pedagogical strategies (physical contact, etiquette, manager, games with moments of calm). The stated objectives were largely achieved by reducing participants' attitudes towards violence (O1) and indicating pedagogical strategies to be able to replicate the intervention in different contexts (O2). Therefore the program can be considered a success for improving attitudes towards violence among young people at risk of exclusion who attend a day center.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There is an interrelationship between the concepts of social exclusion, compulsive buying behavior, fear of missing out (FoMO), and narcissism. Nevertheless, the extent to which these concepts mediate or moderate their relationships with each other has not been efficiently investigated. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to investigate how FoMO mediates and narcissism moderates the correlation between social exclusion and compulsive buying behavior. In addition, the research aims to test a conceptual model and highlight the differences that may occur in the conceptual model proposed in two different countries. METHODS: This model was analyzed among 1007 university students (Turkey = 506, Denmark = 501). The study used scales to measure social exclusion, compulsive buying behavior, FoMO, and narcissism. The study employed PROCESS Model 4 to analyze direct and indirect (mediation) effects and PROCESS Model 59 to assess conditional (moderation) effects. Furthermore, the Johnson-Neyman technique was utilized to investigate interaction terms. RESULTS: The findings indicate that those who face social exclusion tend to participate more in compulsive buying, and this connection is partly explained by FoMO. This suggests that individuals who encounter social exclusion may have an increased likelihood of experiencing FoMO, which may subsequently contribute to compulsive buying behavior. Furthermore, the moderating effect of narcissism differed between the Turkey and Danish samples. Specifically, in the Turkey sample, narcissism only modified the connection between social exclusion and FoMO, while in the Danish sample, it impacted both the connection between social exclusion and FoMO and the connection between FoMO and compulsive buying. CONCLUSION: The obtained results show that the regulating role of narcissism is different in Turkey and Denmark within the conceptual model we studied.

RESUMO

In recent years, the increased use of mobile devices has changed social dynamics. One such change is the rise of phubbing, described as the behavior of ignoring someone in order to pay attention to one's cell phone. The purpose of this research was to validate the Perceived Phubbing Scale (PPS) and examine its relationship with other psychological variables. An Argentine sample was composed of 1608 participants aged between 18 and 65 (M = 45.59; SD 14.03), with 51.6% identifying as female. They were provided with a phubbing scale, along with scales to measure emotional disconnection, fear of missing out (FoMO) and social exclusion, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results indicated that the PPS showed an adequate fit to the data, based on a structure of one factor (X2(20) = 259.353, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.958; IFI = 0.958; RMSEA = 0.089) and the internal consistency (α = 0.93), resulting in a nine-item scale. Participants with high or medium levels of phubbing showed a tendency to suffer FoMO or feel socially excluded or socially isolated. We did not find differences in the levels of phubbing related to the participant's age, gender, or socioeconomic level. It is possible to conclude that PPS can be used as a reliable measure to evaluate perceived phubbing in Argentina. Implications of the variables studied are discussed as possible predictors of phubbing and are to be considered in its approach.

RESUMO

Access to public health has been, is, and will be a necessary right for any person in the world, motivating the proposal of universalist approaches as the best way to provide this service. However, we know that universalism is limited, at best, when it concerns immigrants. In this article, we focus on Costa Rica's and Uruguay's health systems, generally acknowledged as Latin America's most universal, to argue that there are important barriers that limit immigrants' access to public health insurance and health care. Applying a model based on the work by Niedzwiecki and Voorend (2019) that allows us to disaggregate the barriers to access into legal, institutional, de facto, and agency barriers, our analysis shows that migration and social policy interact to create barriers of different magnitudes, often conditioning healthcare access on migratory status, formal employment, and/or purchasing power. These limitations to universal social protection create important vulnerabilities, not only for the immigrants involved, but also for the health systems, and therefore for public health, highlighting the limitations of universalism.

RESUMO

Nicaragua is one of the lowest income countries in Latin America, where there is a shortage of data on women living homeless. This paper analyses the types, timing and perceived causality of stressful life events (SLE) suffered both during childhood and adolescence and throughout life by women living homeless (n = 30). A structured interview was used to collect the data. Findings showed that women living homeless in Nicaragua suffered a very high number of SLEs, and that these were extremely severe and from very early ages. Most of the SLEs took place before the women became homeless. The SLEs suffered by the women interviewed in Nicaragua were largely similar to those seen in women living homeless in other cultural contexts with higher incomes, although it should be noted that those interviewed in Nicaragua had suffered a higher number of SLE during their childhood and adolescence. The women interviewed mainly attributed finding themselves homeless to having suffered SLEs in the family environment. The suffering of multiple and severe SLEs, largely leading to living in socioeconomically disadvantaged situations, seem to present a significant vulnerability factor both for becoming homeless and remaining homeless over time.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMO Este trabalho buscou pesquisar as relações de um grupo de jovens moradores de regiões periféricas de uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais com os espaços de casa e da cidade, por meio dos significados e das experiências vivenciadas nesses locais, em interlocução com o referencial teórico do psicodrama. As metodologias utilizadas foram: relato de experiência de um sociodrama realizado antes da pandemia de Covid-19 e, posteriormente, entrevistas semiestruturadas analisadas por meio da teoria fundamentada nos dados. A ocupação dos espaços comunitários de forma criativa, a extensão das relações solidárias no bairro, a praça como espaço da diversidade e também de repressão foram resultados encontrados. O psicodrama pode contribuir como ferramenta significativa para análise dos contextos sociais e espaciais em interlocução com os processos subjetivos de forma crítica, reafirmando seu compromisso social e o direito à cidade.

ABSTRACT This work aimed to investigate the relationships of a group of young people living in suburb regions of a city in the interior of Minas Gerais with social places, based on the meanings and experiences in the home and city environments, in dialogue with the theoretical framework of psychodrama. The methodologies used were experience report of a sociodrama performed before the COVID-19 pandemic and, subsequently, semi-structured interviews analyzed by grounded theory methodology. The occupation of community places in a creative way, the extension of solidarity relationships in the neighborhood, the square as a space of diversity and also of repression were the research findings. Psychodrama can contribute as a significant tool for the analysis of social and spatial contexts in dialogue with subjective processes in a critical way, reaffirming its social commitment and the right to the city.

RESUMEN Este trabajo buscó investigar las relaciones de un grupo de jóvenes que viven en regiones periféricas de una ciudad del interior de Minas Gerais con los espacios del hogar y de la ciudad, a partir de los significados y experiencias en esos ambientes, en diálogo con el referencial teórico del Psicodrama. Las metodologías utilizadas fueron: relato de experiencia de un sociodrama realizado antes de la pandemia de la Covid-19 y, posteriormente, entrevistas semiestructuradas analizadas mediante Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. La ocupación de los espacios comunitarios de forma creativa, la ampliación de las relaciones solidarias en lo barrio, la plaza como espacio de diversidad y también de represión fueron los resultados encontrados. El psicodrama puede contribuir como una herramienta significativa para el análisis de los contextos sociales y espaciales en diálogo con los procesos subjetivos de una manera crítica, reafirmando su compromiso social y el derecho a la ciudad.

RESUMO

Abstract Background There is an interrelationship between the concepts of social exclusion, compulsive buying behavior, fear of missing out (FoMO), and narcissism. Nevertheless, the extent to which these concepts mediate or moderate their relationships with each other has not been efficiently investigated. Objective This research aims to investigate how FoMO mediates and narcissism moderates the correlation between social exclusion and compulsive buying behavior. In addition, the research aims to test a conceptual model and highlight the differences that may occur in the conceptual model proposed in two different countries. Methods This model was analyzed among 1007 university students (Turkey =506, Denmark =501). The study used scales to measure social exclusion, compulsive buying behavior, FoMO, and narcissism. The study employed PROCESS Model 4 to analyze direct and indirect (mediation) effects and PROCESS Model 59 to assess conditional (moderation) effects. Furthermore, the Johnson-Neyman technique was utilized to investigate interaction terms. Results The findings indicate that those who face social exclusion tend to participate more in compulsive buying, and this connection is partly explained by FoMO. This suggests that individuals who encounter social exclusion may have an increased likelihood of experiencing FoMO, which may subsequently contribute to compulsive buying behavior. Furthermore, the moderating effect of narcissism differed between the Turkey and Danish samples. Specifically, in the Turkey sample, narcissism only modified the connection between social exclusion and FoMO, while in the Danish sample, it impacted both the connection between social exclusion and FoMO and the connection between FoMO and compulsive buying. Conclusion The obtained results show that the regulating role of narcissism is different in Turkey and Denmark within the conceptual model we studied.

RESUMO

RESUMO: O objeto central deste artigo, fundamentado na psicanálise, é a problemática da exclusão social. Trata-se de mostrar a importância desse saber em uma reflexão dedicada a situações de precariedade social. Um de seus eixos principais concerne à dimensão de pertencimento, própria ao laço social, tendo em vista, em particular, vividos subjetivos marcados por significativas falhas quanto a essa dimensão. A questão da colonialidade é um operador de relevo neste trabalho, visando ao aprofundamento da relação exclusão/pertencimento. A noção de desamparo e sua modalidade extrema, o desalento, têm grande relevância neste estudo, o qual se ancora na articulação entre subjetividade e universo sócio-cultural.

ABSTRACT: From social exclusion to discouragement: a "decolonial" look. The central object of this article, based on psychoanalysis, is the issue of social exclusion. It is about showing the importance of this knowledge in a reflection dedicated to situations of social precariousness. One of its main axes concerns the dimension of belonging, specific to the social bond, taking into account, in particular, subjective experiences marked by significant flaws in this dimension. The issue of coloniality is a relevant operator in this work, aiming to deepen the relationship of exclusion/belonging. The notion of helplessness and its extreme modality, discouragement, has great relevance in this study, which is anchored in the articulation between subjectivity and the socio-cultural universe.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Neste artigo, parte-se das experiências de fronteira de dois meninos. Uma é a narrativa de Zain, no filme Cafarnaum, anterior à sua migração do Líbano; a outra, o caso clínico de Túlio, construído por um grupo de supervisão em serviço de medidas socioeducativas em São Paulo. Abordaremos o laço social nesses distintos contextos, observando subjetividades singulares e universais de adolescentes marcados por desigualdade e injustiça social. O objetivo é interrogar a psicanálise diante da condição de desenraizamento imposta ao sujeito na contemporaneidade. O cinema, objeto da cultura, evoca a nossa responsabilidade ética ao aproximar ficção e realidade, denunciando violências de gênero e situações desumanas oferecidas aos imigrantes e às infâncias subalternizadas. Há o convite para a criação de dispositivos clínicos que ofereçam a hospitalidade como operador conceitual diante das urgências sociais

El presente artículo se basa en las experiencias fronterizas de dos niños. Una es la narración de Zain en la película Cafarnaum, antes de su emigración del Líbano; la otra es el caso clínico de Tulio, construido por un grupo de supervisión em un servicio de medidas socioeducativas en São Paulo. Abordaremos el vínculo social en estos diferentes contextos, observando subjetividades singulares y universales de adolescentes marcados por la desigualdad y la injusticia social. El objetivo es cuestionar el psicoanálisis ante la condición de desarraigo que se impone al sujeto en la contemporaneidad. El cine, objeto de la cultura, evoca nuestra responsabilidad ética al unir ficción y realidad, denunciando la violencia de género y las situaciones inhumanas que se ofrecen a los inmigrantes y a las infancias marginadas. Hay una invitación a crear dispositivos clínicos que ofrezcan hospitalidad como operador conceptual ante las urgencias sociales

This article is based on the frontier experiences of two boys. One is Zain's narrative in the movie Cafarnaum, before his emigration from Lebanon; the other is the clinical case of Tulio, developed by a supervision group in a social and educational measures service in São Paulo. We will approach the social bond in those different contexts, observing singular and universal subjectivities in adolescents marked by inequality and social injustice. The goal is to interrogate psychoanalysis in the face of the uprooting condition imposed on contemporaneous subjects. Cinema, an object of culture, evokes our ethical responsibility by bringing fiction and reality together, denouncing gender violence and inhuman situations faced by immigrants and underprivileged children. There is an invitation to create clinical devices that offer hospitality as a conceptual operator in the face of social urgencies

Dans cet article, nous partons des expériences frontalières de deux garçons. L'un est le parcours de Zain dans le film Cafarnaum, avant sa migration du Liban ; dans l'autre, le cas clinique de Tulio, construit par un groupe de supervision d'une institution de protection socio-éducative à São Paulo. Nous aborderons le lien social dans ces différents contextes, en observant les subjectivités singulières et universelles d'adolescents marqués par des inégalités et l'injustice sociale. Il s'agit d'interroger la psychanalyse face à la condition de déracinement imposée au sujet dans le contemporain. Le cinéma, objet de culture, évoque notre responsabilité éthique en proposant la rencontre entre fiction et réalité, en dénonçant la violence de genre et les situations inhumaines imposées aux immigrés et aux enfances subalternes. Il s'agit ici d'une invitation à créer des dispositifs cliniques qui partent de l' hospitalité comme opérateur conceptuel face aux urgences sociales

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente artigo busca investigar o lugar do corpo na atualidade, uma vez que ele nunca é totalmente apreendido pelos dispositivos culturais que possibilitem sua submissão completa às expectativas sociais. Neste sentido, é legítimo afirmar haver certa dificuldade epistêmica, no que tange às disputas de narrativas em torno do corpo gordo. Culturalmente legitimado, observamos um discurso dominante que sugere a responsabilização do sujeito por sua condição corporal. De modo análogo, a criminalização da gordura aumenta quando a sobrepomos à questão de gênero, conforme ilustrarão algumas vinhetas; fruto de entrevistas realizadas anteriormente pela autora, na pesquisa que desenvolve sobre corpo feminino, imagem, sofrimento psíquico e regulação social. A "feiura" ou o "estranho", muitas vezes poderão ser tomados como uma mensagem, cuja força reside, justamente, na sua surpreendente apresentação. Neste sentido, as práticas corporais podem ser compreendidas em um cenário de indiferenciação, na estetização da vida cotidiana, de sujeição ao discurso do outro, mas também, como uma contestação, como problematização do estatuto do corpo na contemporaneidade.

This article seeks to investigate the place of the body nowadays, since it is never fully apprehended by cultural devices that allow its complete submission to social expectations. In this sense, it is legitimate to affirm that there is some epistemic difficulty, regarding the disputes of narratives around the fat body. Culturally legitimized, we observe a dominant discourse that suggests the responsibility of the subject for body condition. Similarly, the criminalization of fat increases when we overwrite it the issue of gender, as some vignettes will illustrate; the result of interviews previously conducted by the author, in the research she develops on the female body, image, psychic suffering and social regulation. The "ugliness" or the "strange" can often be taken as a message, whose strength lies precisely in its surprising presentation. In this sense, body practices can be understood in a scenario of indifferentiation, in the instantiation of everyday life, of subjection to the discourse of the other, but also, as a contestation, as a problematization of the body's status in contemporaneity.

Cet article cherche à étudier la place du corps de nos jours, car il n'est jamais complètement appréhendé par des dispositifs culturels qui permettent sa soumission complète aux attentes sociales. En ce sens, il est légitime d'affirmer qu'il existe une certaine difficulté épistémique, en ce qui concerne les disputes de récits autour du corps gras. Culturellement légitimé, nous observons un discours dominant qui suggère la responsabilité du sujet pour son état corporel. De même, la criminalisation des graisses augmente lorsque nous écrasons la question du genre, comme certaines vignettes l'illustreront; le résultat d'entretiens précédemment menés par l'auteure, dans la recherche qu'elle développe sur le corps féminin, l'image, la souffrance psychique et la régulation sociale. La «laideur¼ ou l'«étrange¼ peut souvent être prise comme un message, dont la force réside précisément dans sa présentation surprenante. En ce sens, les pratiques corporelles peuvent être comprises dans un scénario d'indifférenciation, dans l'estantiation de la vie quotidienne, de soumission au discours de l'autre, mais aussi, comme contestation, comme problématisation du statut du corps dans la contemporanéité.

RESUMO

Propósito/Contexto. Discutir el componente interpersonal de la condición personal, evidenciando cómo las actitudes de reconocimiento determinan la inclusión de las personas con discapacidad. Metodología/Enfoque. Se realizó un análisis teórico sobre el componente interpersonal de la persona humana, a partir del argumento de la inclusión de los individuos con discapacidad y su relevancia para la total participación ciudadana. La investigación se encuadra en el paradigma interpretativo con carácter cualitativo, empleándose como técnica el análisis de documentos considerados fuentes primarias. Asimismo, se asumió el enfoque teórico de Paul Ricoeur respecto a las formas del reconocimiento humano y de las tres formas básicas del reconocimiento interpersonal propuestas por Axel Honneth. Resultados/Hallazgos. La dimensión interpersonal fundamenta nuestra existencia como comunidad humana. Las formas básicas del reconocimiento son recíprocas y, por tanto, no unidireccionales y coinciden con ser respetados, amados y valorados por nuestra contribución a la comunidad. Vivir con personas que no tienen actitudes de reconocimiento hacia uno es una realidad con la cual están familiarizadas las personas con discapacidad. Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Para ser plena la inclusión de las personas con discapacidad, además de considerar la modalidad de participación institucional y técnica, se debe tener en cuenta la dimensión interpersonal.

Purpose/Background. Discuss the interpersonal component of the personal condition, showing how recognition attitudes determine the social inclusion of people with disabilities. Methodology/Approach. A theoretical analysis was carried out on the interpersonal component of the human person, based on the argument of the inclusion of people with disabilities and its relevance for full citizen participation. The research is framed in the interpretive paradigm, with a qualitative nature, using as a technique the analysis of documents considered primary sources. Likewise, the theoretical approach of Paul Ricoeur regarding the forms of human recognition and the three basic forms of interpersonal recognition proposed by Axel Honneth were assumed. Results/Findings. The interpersonal dimension is an important foundation of existence as a human community. The basic forms of recognition are reciprocal and, therefore, not unidirectional and coincide with being respected, loved, and valued for our contribution to the community. Living with people who do not have attitudes of recognition towards you is a reality with which people with disabilities are familiar. Discussion/Conclusions/Contributions. To fully include people with disabilities, in addition to considering the modality of institutional and technical participation, it must consider the interpersonal dimension.

Finalidade/Contexto. Discutir a componente interpessoal do estatuto pessoal, mostrando como as atitudes de reconhecimento determinam a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência. Metodologia/Aproximação. Foi realizada uma análise teórica da componente interpessoal da pessoa humana, com base no argumento da inclusão de indivíduos com deficiência e da sua relevância para a plena participação dos cidadãos. A investigação está enquadrada no paradigma interpretativo de carácter qualitativo, utilizando como técnica a análise de documentos considerados como fontes primárias. Do mesmo modo, a abordagem teórica de Paul Ricoeur às formas de reconhecimento humano e as três formas básicas de reconhecimento interpessoal propostas por Axel Honneth foram assumidas. Resultados/Descobertas. A dimensão interpessoal está na base da nossa existência como comunidade humana. As formas básicas de reconhecimento são recíprocas e portanto não unidireccionais e coincidem com serem respeitadas, amadas e valorizadas pela nossa contribuição para a comunidade. Viver com pessoas que não têm atitudes de reconhecimento em relação a uma é uma realidade com a qual as pessoas com deficiência estão familiarizadas. Discussão/Conclusões/Contribuições. Para ser plenamente inclusiva das pessoas com deficiência, para além de considerar o modo institucional e técnico de participação, a dimensão interpessoal deve ser tida em conta.

RESUMO

This review synthesizes the most recent advances in psychology investigating the link between loneliness and consumption. We structure the review around the motives that loneliness activates, based on the Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness. More specifically, we detail how consumers use consumption experiences to repair perceived deficiencies in their belongingness needs, and how the motive to improve social connections through consumption can have both positive (bright side) and negative (dark side) effects. We also discuss how loneliness can activate a self-preservation motive that can breed interpersonal mistrust and thus potentially impede reconnection. We conclude by reviewing research on the depleting effects of loneliness on self-regulatory resources and the dark side effects of this depletion on self-control.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The process of stigmatization within different cultural contexts has long been viewed as essential in understanding the course and outcomes of mental illness. However, little research has examined which cultural constructs and categories are used to explain mental illness, and how they contribute to the way people with mental illness experience stigma and social exclusion, as well as how these beliefs affect healthcare practices. This study examines meanings ascribed to mental illness and experiences of stigma among four groups in urban settings of Minas Gerais, Brazil: persons with mental illness; their families; members of the lay public; and health professionals working at an alternative community-based psychosocial treatment service or a local university hospital. Qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews and participant observation, were conducted with a purposive sample of 72 participants. Data were analyzed through content analysis. The findings suggest that stigma and discrimination are intrinsically rooted in a systemic process of social exclusion generated by meanings ascribed to mental illness and the structural vulnerabilities of the mental healthcare system. The findings further suggest that structural inequality is a powerful factor behind lay concepts of mental illness and that this is particularly harmful because it reinforces personal blame attributions instead of addressing the hidden structural forces that contribute to mental illness. The study highlights the subtle interrelations between cultural beliefs and structural vulnerabilities that should be addressed in mental health policy in order to diminish the effects of stigma on people with mental illnesses.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This article takes a gender perspective approach to a series of issues that may affect the vulnerability of people in a homeless situation in Nicaragua, focusing particularly on women. The study was completed using data obtained from two similarly-sized samples, one of homeless men (n = 32) and the other of homeless women (n = 30). The information was gathered using a structured interview. Results show that there are key similarities in the situation and characteristics of both men and women living homeless in Nicaragua. Results also support the thought that women living homeless - some with dependent children to care for - are in a situation of particular vulnerability, suffering violence, a greater need to find safe places to stay, greater "revolving door to homelessness," more barriers to finding work and more sex work. The analysis of the issues differentiating men from women may be of use in driving forward public policies and social care resources adapted to the specific characteristics and needs of these women and their children. As can be taken from this paper, people living homeless in low-income and high-income countries share a number of similar circumstances, which in turn could facilitate a global approach to the problem.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Nicaragua is one of the countries with the lowest levels of development in Latin America, with a collectivist culture, where information on people in a homeless situation is very limited. The study examines a sample of people living homeless in the city of León (Nicaragua), their level of overall happiness, their future expectations, their perception of the evolution of their situation, their causal attributions of homelessness, and the aspects they believe are most important for overcoming their situation. Forty-one of the 68 homeless people contacted in León (Nicaragua) responded to a structured interview. The results show that the interviewees reported very low levels of overall happiness, although their future expectations were positive. The interviewees attributed homelessness situation (their own and other people's) primarily to individualistic causes and problems in family relationships, and they had a tendency to consider both themselves and other people living homeless responsible for their homelessness. The results are compared to the data obtained using similar methodologies and instruments for people living homeless in Madrid (Spain) and trash pickers in León (Nicaragua)-two groups in situations of extreme poverty and social exclusion.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMO. Este estudo pretende colocar a clínica psicológica como um espaço de desvelamento das desigualdades sociais a partir da escuta de sujeitos excluídos através de plantões psicológicos. Percebe-se uma lacuna na literatura especializada em psicologia clínica que, geralmente, não vincula processos clínicos e processos psicossociais, mantendo um discurso hegemônico que pouco articula o psicológico, o social e o político. A Teoria Fundamentada nos dados, metodologia de natureza qualitativa, foi adotada nesse estudo. Através da análise qualitativa de diários de campos produzidos a partir de atendimentos do tipo plantão psicológico, foram geradas categorias que apontam para a fragilidade dos laços familiares e comunitários, os sofrimentos de ser tratado como inferior e a necessidade de ampliações de práticas clínicas com pessoas excluídas. As precariedades materiais e simbólicas vividas pelos sujeitos excluídos são reproduzidas nas suas redes relacionais e comunitárias como violências, opressões e vínculos fragilizados. A inclusão no lugar da inadequação e da inferioridade excluem os sujeitos da possibilidade de se perceberem como dignos e capazes de contribuir com a sociedade, gerando um apagamento de si mesmo. Houve a necessidade de uma prática clínica ampliada que levasse em consideração as vivências específicas de pessoas excluídas e que pudesse produzir novos encontros e novos afetos como contraponto às desqualificações cotidianamente recebidas. Na escuta de sujeitos de classes populares a equipe buscou sustentar a complexidade presente nos sofrimentos, focalizando não só suas questões subjetivas, mas também a produção social e histórica de suas vulnerabilidades.

RESUMEN. Este estudio pretende incluir la clínica psicológica como un espacio para desvelar las desigualdades sociales a través de la escucha de sujetos excluidos con planton psicológico. Se percibe una ausencia en la literatura especializada en psicología clínica que, en general, no vincula procesos clínicos y procesos psicosociales, manteniendo un discurso hegemónico que poco articula problemas psicológicos, sociales y políticos. En este estudio se adoptó la Teoría Fundamentada, una metodologia cualitativa. Através del análisis cualitativo de los registros producidos com el material do planton psicológico, se generaron categorias que apuntan a la fragilidad de los lazos familiares y comunitarios, los sufrimientos de ser tratados como inferiores y la necesidad de ampliar las práticas clínicas con personas excluidas. La precariedad material y simbólica vivida por los sujetos excluidos se reproduce en sus redes relacionales y comunitarias como violencia, opresión y vínculos debilitados. La inclusión en lugar de inadecuación e inferioridad excluye a los sujetos de la posibilidad de percibirse a si mismos como dignos y capaces de contribuir a la sociedad, generando un debilitamiento de si mismos. Se notó la necesidad de una prática clínica ampliada que consideran las vivencias específicas de las personas excluidas y que puede producir nuevos encuentros y nuevos afectos como contrapunto a las descalificaciones diarias recibidas. En la escucha de sujetos de clases populares el equipo buscó sostener la complejidad presente en los sufrimientos, enfocando no sólo sus cuestiones subjetivas, sino también la producción social e histórica de sus vulnerabilidades.

ABSTRACT This study intends to place the psychological clinic as a space for unveiling social inequalities by listening to excluded subjects through the psychological on-call sessions. There is a gap in the specialized literature in clinical psychology that, generally, does not link clinical processes and psychosocial processes, maintaining a hegemonic discourse that barely articulates the psychological, social and political issues. The Grounded Theory, as a qualitative-interpretative methodology, was adopted in this study. The qualitative analysis of field diaries produced based on the psychological on-call sessions generated categories that point to the fragility of family and community bonds, the sufferings of being treated as inferior, and the need to expand clinical practices with excluded people. The material and symbolic precariousness experienced by excluded subjects are reproduced in their relational and community networks as violence, oppression and weakened bonds. Inclusion in place of inadequacy and inferiority excludes people from the possibility of perceiving themselves as worthy and capable of contributing to society, generating an erasure of themselves. There was a need for an expanded clinical practice that considered the specific experiences of excluded subjects, which could produce new encounters and affections as a counterpoint to the disqualifications received daily. In listening to popular classes people, the research team sought to sustain the complexity present in sufferings, focusing not only on their subjective issues but also on the social and historical production of their vulnerabilities.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMO Neste relato de experiência como terapeuta em programa governamental na periferia da cidade de São Paulo, o objetivo foi compreender, com enfoque na metodologia socionômica, como técnicos e usuários de um serviço assistencial lidaram com seus desafios do dia a dia no contexto comunitário. Foram identificadas duas sociodinâmicas dos papéis observados: o denominado Sistema Vincular Vitimizado (SVV), que atribui grande parte da responsabilidade dos acontecimentos a terceiros, envolvendo expectativa, culpa, busca de bodes expiatórios e consequente exclusão social; e o denominado Sistema Vincular Cidadão (SVC), que atribui corresponsabilidade, envolvendo diálogo e negociação na procura de soluções viáveis e gerando inclusão social. O SVV se mostrou menos eficiente na superação de desafios e a intervenção socionômica facilitou uma transição do SVV para o SVC.

ABSTRACT In this experience report as a therapist in a governmental program on the outskirts of the city of São Paulo, the goal was to understand, focusing on the socionomic methodology, how technicians and users of assistance service managed their day-to-day challenges in the community context. Two socio-dynamics were identified in the observed roles: the first one, named Victimized Bond System (VBS), assumes that most of the responsibility of the events belongs to third parties, involving expectation, guilt, scapegoating and consequent social exclusion; and the so-called Citizen Bond System (CBS), which attributes co-responsibility, involving dialogue and negotiation in search of viable solutions and generating social inclusion. VBS was proved less efficient in overcoming challenges and the socionomic intervention facilitated a transition from VBS to CBS.

RESUMEN En este informe de experiencia como terapeuta en programa gubernamental en las afueras de la ciudad de São Paulo, el objetivo fue comprender, enfocándose em la metodologia socionómica, cómo técnicos y usuarios del servicio de asistencia afrontaban sus desafíos cotidianos em el contexto comunitario. Se identificaron dos sociodinámicas de los roles observados: el llamado Sistema de Enlace Victimizado (SEV), que atribuye gran parte de la responsabilidad de los eventos a terceros, lo que implica expectativas, culpa, chivos expiatorios y la consiguiente exclusión social; y el llamado Sistema de Enlace Ciudadano (SEC), que atribuye la corresponsabilidad, lo que implica el diálogo y la negociación em la búsqueda de soluciones viables y generando inclusión social. El SVV fue menos eficiente para superar los desafíos y la intervención socionómica facilitó la transición del SEV al SEC.