RESUMO

Cyperus difformis L. é planta daninha ocorrente em lavouras de arroz irrigado, que tem apresentado dificuldade de controle devido à resistência a herbicidas inibidores de ALS. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estimar a dose necessária para controlar 50% da população (C50) e reduzir 50% da produção de massa da parte aérea seca (GR50) em biótipo resistente e suscetível de C. difformis e avaliar o controle destes biótipos com herbicidas alternativos recomendados para a espécie. Para isso, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, em delineamento experimental completamente casualizado, com quatro repetições. O experimento I constou de biótipo resistente (CYPDI 9) e suscetível (CYPDI 8) de C. difformis e doses do herbicida pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, correspondendo a 0; 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 4; 6; 8; 16; 32 e 64 vezes a dose registrada (20 g ha-1). As variáveis avaliadas foram controle visual e massa da parte aérea seca (MPAS) aos 28 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT). No experimento II os tratamentos constaram dos biótipos (CYPDI 9 e CYPDI 8), nove herbicidas: azimsulfuron (6g ha-1); bentazon (900g ha-1); bispyribac-sodium (48g ha-1); carfentrazone-ethyl (40g ha-1); ethoxysulfuron (72g ha-1); glyphosate (900g ha-1); penoxsulam (36g ha-1); propanil (3600g ha-1) e pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (20g ha-1) e testemunha que não recebeu herbicida. As variáveis avaliadas foram: controle visual aos 14, 21 e 28 DAT, área foliar (AF) e MPAS aos 28 DAT. A resistência do biótipo de C. difformis ao pyrazosulfuron-ethyl é elevada e inviabiliza seu controle pelo herbicida e, os herbicidas carfentrazone-ethyl, bentazon e propanil, detentores de mecanismos de ação alternativos ao pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, controlam o biótipo resistente de C. difformis.

Cyperus difformis L. is a weed occurrence in flooded rice, that it has been presenting control difficulty due to ALS inhibiting herbicides resistance. The objectives of this work was to determine necessary rate 50% control of the population (C50) and reduce 50% of the production the aerial dry mass (GR50) in resistant and susceptible biotypes of C. difformis and evaluate the control of these biotypes with alternative herbicides recommended for that species. For that, two experiments were performed at green house of FAEM/UFPel arranged in a completely randomized design, with four replicates. The experiment I were consisted of resistant (CYPDI 9) and susceptible of C. difformis biotype and rate of the pyrazosulfuron-ethyl herbicide, corresponding to 0, 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2, 2,5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32 and 64 times de registered rate (20g ha-1). The evaluated variables were visual control and aerial dry mass (MPAS) to the 28 days after the application of the treatments (DAT). In the experiment II the treatments were consisted of the same biotype (CYPDI 9 and CYPDI 8), nine herbicides azimsulfuron (6g ha-1); bentazon (900g ha-1); bispyribac-sodium (48g ha-1); carfentrazone-ethyl (40g ha-1); ethoxysulfuron (72g ha-1); glyphosate (900g ha-1); penoxsulam (36g ha-1); propanil (3600g ha-1) and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (20g ha-1) and checks that didn't applied herbicide. The evaluated variables were: visual control for the herbicides to the 14, 21 and 28 DAT, foliate area and MPAS to 28 DAT. Before the results, it can be concluded that the resistance of the C. difformis biotype to pyrazosulfuron-ethyl is elevated and it makes unfeasible her control for the herbicide and the herbicides carfentrazone-ethyl, bentazon e propanil holders of alternative action mechanisms to the pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, control the resistant biotype of C. difformis.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Cyperus difformis L. is a weed occurrence in flooded rice, that it has been presenting control difficulty due to ALS inhibiting herbicides resistance. The objectives of this work was to determine necessary rate 50% control of the population (C50) and reduce 50% of the production the aerial dry mass (GR50) in resistant and susceptible biotypes of C. difformis and evaluate the control of these biotypes with alternative herbicides recommended for that species. For that, two experiments were performed at green house of FAEM/UFPel arranged in a completely randomized design, with four replicates. The experiment I were consisted of resistant (CYPDI 9) and susceptible of C. difformis biotype and rate of the pyrazosulfuron-ethyl herbicide, corresponding to 0, 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2, 2,5, 3, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32 and 64 times de registered rate (20g ha-1). The evaluated variables were visual control and aerial dry mass (MPAS) to the 28 days after the application of the treatments (DAT). In the experiment II the treatments were consisted of the same biotype (CYPDI 9 and CYPDI 8), nine herbicides azimsulfuron (6g ha-1); bentazon (900g ha-1); bispyribac-sodium (48g ha-1); carfentrazone-ethyl (40g ha-1); ethoxysulfuron (72g ha-1); glyphosate (900g ha-1); penoxsulam (36g ha-1); propanil (3600g ha-1) and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (20g ha-1) and checks that didn"t applied herbicide. The evaluated variables were:

Cyperus difformis L. é planta daninha ocorrente em lavouras de arroz irrigado, que tem apresentado dificuldade de controle devido à resistência a herbicidas inibidores de ALS. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estimar a dose necessária para controlar 50% da população (C50) e reduzir 50% da produção de massa da parte aérea seca (GR50) em biótipo resistente e suscetível de C. difformis e avaliar o controle destes biótipos com herbicidas alternativos recomendados para a espécie. Para isso, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, em delineamento experimental completamente casualizado, com quatro repetições. O experimento I constou de biótipo resistente (CYPDI 9) e suscetível (CYPDI 8) de C. difformis e doses do herbicida pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, correspondendo a 0; 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 4; 6; 8; 16; 32 e 64 vezes a dose registrada (20 g ha-1). As variáveis avaliadas foram controle visual e massa da parte aérea seca (MPAS) aos 28 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT). No experimento II os tratamentos constaram dos biótipos (CYPDI 9 e CYPDI 8), nove herbicidas: azimsulfuron (6g ha-1); bentazon (900g ha-1); bispyribac-sodium (48g ha-1); carfentrazone-ethyl (40g ha-1); ethoxysulfuron (72g ha-1); glyphosate (900g ha-1); penoxsulam (36g ha-1); propanil (3600g ha-1) e pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (20g ha-1) e testemunha que não recebeu herbicida. As variáveis avaliadas foram: contr

RESUMO

Cyperus difformis L. é uma planta daninha ocorrente em lavouras de arroz irrigado, que tem apresentado dificuldade de controle devido à resistência a herbicidas inibidores da enzima ALS. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram investigar características cinéticas da enzima ALS de biótipos de C. difformis e determinar as bases bioquímicas da resistência da espécie ao herbicida pyrazosulfuron-ethyl. Para isso, foram conduzidos experimentos em laboratório do BIOAGRO/UFV. O método utilizado baseou-se na metologia utilizada por CAREY et al. (1997) e adaptada por VARGAS et al. (1999), com algumas modificações. Foram avaliadas a concentração de substrato (piruvato) que fornece velocidade inicial igual à metade da velocidade máxima de reação (K M) e velocidade máxima de reação (Vmáx), bem como a atividade da enzima ALS na presença do inibidor (pyrazosulfuron-ethyl). Diante dos resultados, pode-se observar que a resistência de C. difformis a pyrazosulfuron-ethyl é decorrente da insensibilidade da enzima ALS ao herbicida, não acarretando, porém, prejuízo aos parâmetros cinéticos K M e Vmáx da enzima ALS.

Cyperus difformis L. is a weed that occurs in flooded rice, which has presented difficulty in controlling due to the resistance to ALS inhibiting herbicides. The objectives of this research were to investigate kinetic characteristics of ALS enzyme from C. difformis biotypes and to determine the biochemical bases of resistance from the species to pyrazosulfuron-ethyl herbicide. For that, experiments were conducted at the BIOAGRO/UFV laboratory. The method used was based on the methodology used by CAREY et al. (1997) and adapted by VARGAS et al. (1999), with some modifications. It was evaluated substratum concentration (pyruvate) that provides initial velocity equal to half the speed reaction (K M) and maximum velocity of reaction (Vmáx), as well the activity of the ALS enzyme in the presence of the inhibitor (pyrazosulfuron-ethyl). According to the results, it is possible to observe that C. difformis resistance to pyrazosulfuron-ethyl is due to the insensibility of the ALS enzyme to the herbicide, however without penalty to K M and Vmáx kinetic parameters of the ALS enzyme.