RESUMO
SUMMARY: This study presents a cross-board comparison of the morphological characteristic of students of the Hungarian Language teacher training faculty in Subotica, Serbia based on their nutritional status estimate of their nourishment state. The sample was composed by 146 young adults from all four study years of the faculty, ranging from age 19 to 23. The following anthropometric measurements were carried out: body weight, height, skin fold thickness (skin folds measured at the scapula, triceps, biceps, ilium, hip, thigh and abdomen) and circumferences (waist, hip). The authors calculated and analyzed the data, including: the BMI (body mass index) with the formula, skin fold thickness and with 4-Site Skin fold Equation and waist hip ratio. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the morphological characteristics. Independent T-test and ANOVA analysis was performed to compare the students according to sex and age. The main results of the present study are: (1) no significant difference is found between the age groups in the case of either height or body weight, not for the young men or the young women in the study; (2) the differences between height and weight in the case of the male and female as characteristic for this age group can be observed; (3) the female students are more often found to be overweight or obese than the male students; (4) the majority of participant students can be classified into the normal nutritional status' category, which holds true for both the young men and women of the study; (5) the fat percentages calculated based on skin fold values show that in terms of weight, the majority of the female students fall under the 'acceptable' category, while the majority of the young men are classed as 'thin'; (6) in the case of abdominal overweight 20.0 % of men and 19.48 % of women belong to the category 'obese'. This information about the students of the teacher training program is vital, as these young men and women will play an important role as future teachers and thereby, as role models helping to prevent childhood obesity and guiding children throughout their education towards a healthy life style.
RESUMEN: Este estudio presenta una comparación transversal de la característica morfológica de estudiantes de lengua húngara pertenecientes a la Facultad de Formación de Docentes en Subotica, Serbia, en función de su estado nutricional estimado con el estado de alimentación. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 146 adultos jóvenes, cursando los cuatro años en la Facultad, con edades comprendidas entre los 19 y los 23 años. Se realizaron las siguientes mediciones antropométricas: peso corporal, altura, grosor de la piel (pliegues cutáneos medidos en la escápula, tríceps, bíceps, ilion, cadera, muslo y abdomen) y circunferencias (cintura, cadera). Los autores calcularon y analizaron los datos, incluidos: el IMC (índice de masa corporal) con la fórmula, el grosor del pliegue cutáneo y con la ecuación del pliegue cutáneo de 4 sitios y la relación cintura-cadera. La estadística descriptiva se usó para describir las características morfológicas. Se realizaron análisis independientes de T-test y ANOVA para comparar los estudiantes de acuerdo al sexo y la edad. Los principales resultados del presente estudio son: (1) no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de edad en el caso de la altura o el peso corporal, para los hombres jóvenes o las mujeres jóvenes; (2) se pudieron observar diferencias entre la altura y el peso en el caso del hombre y la mujer como características para este grupo etario; (3) las estudiantes, tienen con mayor frecuencia sobrepeso u obesidad, en relación a los estudiantes varones; (4) la mayoría de los estudiantes participantes pueden clasificarse en la categoría de un estado nutricional normal, lo cual es válido tanto para los hombres como para las mujeres jóvenes del estudio; (5) los porcentajes de grasa calculados basados en los valores del pliegue de la piel muestran que, en términos de peso, la mayoría de las alumnas se clasifican en la categoría "aceptable", mientras que la mayoría de los hombres jóvenes se clasifican como "delgados"; (6) en el caso del sobrepeso abdominal, el 20,0 % de los hombres y el 19,48 % de las mujeres pertenecen a la categoría 'obeso'. Esta información de los alumnos de la Facultad es vital, ya que estos jóvenes desempeñarán un papel importante como futuros docentes y como un modelo de conducta, ayudando de esta forma, a evitar la obesidad infantil y guiando a los niños a lo largo de su educación hacia un estilo de vida saludable.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Índice de Massa Corporal , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Dobras Cutâneas , Razão Cintura-Estatura , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo , Estado NutricionalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The association between tuberculosis (TB) and malnutrition is well recognized. Considering the risk of mortality due to malnutrition in patients with TB, it is necessary to conduct a thorough nutrition assessment to identify individuals at nutrition risk. The study objective was to assess the nutrition status of hospitalized patients with TB, co-infected or not by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: Patients with confirmed diagnosis of TB were included using a cross-sectional design. Nutrition assessment parameters included: body mass index (BMI), triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), food frequency questionnaire, Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and serum levels of hemoglobin. RESULTS: A total 108 patients completed the study. Forty-four patients (40.7%) were HIV positive. Considering the BMI, 36.1% of the patients met the criteria for nutrition deficiency. Body fat percentage was low in 27.8% of patients. In addition, more than half of the participants met criteria for malnutrition according to MUAC, MAMC, TSF, SGA, or MST. Malnutrition measured by MAMC was more frequent in HIV-positive patients (n=33, 75.0%) than in HIV-negative patients (n=31, 48.4%) (P = 0.010). Regarding the components of diet, selenium and vitamin C intake among HIV-positive patients was significantly lower than in HIV-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS: We identified a high prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized patients with pulmonary TB, regardless of the method used to assess nutrition status. In HIV-positive patients, malnutrition measured by MAMC was more frequent than in HIV-negative patients.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/complicações , Hospitalização , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Tuberculose Pulmonar/complicações , Adulto , Braço , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Estudos Transversais , Dieta , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/sangue , Desnutrição/etiologia , Micronutrientes/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Músculo Esquelético , Avaliação Nutricional , Prevalência , Dobras CutâneasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the association between preoperative nutritional status and postoperative outcomes in children undergoing surgery for congenital heart defects (CHD). METHODS: Seventy-one patients with CHD were enrolled in a prospective, 2-center cohort study. We adjusted for baseline risk differences using a standardized risk adjustment score for surgery for CHD. We assigned a World Health Organization z score for each subject's preoperative triceps skin-fold measurement, an assessment of total body fat mass. We obtained preoperative plasma concentrations of markers of nutritional status (prealbumin, albumin) and myocardial stress (B-type natriuretic peptide [BNP]). Associations between indices of preoperative nutritional status and clinical outcomes were sought. RESULTS: Subjects had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 10.2 (33) months. In the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) cohort, duration of mechanical ventilation (median, 19 hours; IQR, 29 hours), length of intensive care unit stay (median, 5 days; IQR 5 days), duration of any continuous inotropic infusion (median, 66 hours; IQR 72 hours), and preoperative BNP levels (median, 30 pg/mL; IQR, 75 pg/mL) were associated with a lower preoperative triceps skin-fold z score (P < .05). Longer duration of any continuous inotropic infusion and higher preoperative BNP levels were also associated with lower preoperative prealbumin (12.1 ± 0.5 mg/dL) and albumin (3.2 ± 0.1; P < .05) levels. CONCLUSIONS: Lower total body fat mass and acute and chronic malnourishment are associated with worse clinical outcomes in children undergoing surgery for CHD at UCSF, a resource-abundant institution. There is an inverse correlation between total body fat mass and BNP levels. Duration of inotropic support and BNP increase concomitantly as measures of nutritional status decrease, supporting the hypothesis that malnourishment is associated with decreased myocardial function.