RESUMO
Resumen El crecimiento del maxilar se manifiesta de manera diferente respecto a la mandíbula, la cual se caracteriza por un desarrollo sagital más tardío. El objetivo de esta investigación fue asociar el crecimiento sagital del maxilar superior e inferior con el índice de maduración cervical en radiografías cefálicas laterales de pacientes entre 8 a 20 años de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. Se realizó una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, correlacional y de corte transversal retrospectivo, con una base de datos de 10.586 radiografías cefálicas laterales. Se observó que el pico de crecimiento inicia alrededor de los 9 años en las mujeres y en los hombres a los 11 años, y este culmina a los 13 años en el sexo femenino y entre los 14 y 17 años en el sexo masculino. Además, se determinó una correlación baja ente el crecimiento sagital del maxilar superior y los estadios de maduración vertebral (r=0,338) así como con el maxilar inferior (r= 0,357). Finalmente, se concluyó que el crecimiento del maxilar superior se produce en los primeros estadios de maduración cervical, mientras que en el maxilar inferior el crecimiento longitudinal se produce a partir del estadio III de maduración cervical.
Abstract The growth of the maxilla manifests itself differently from the mandible, which is characterized by a later sagittal development. The objective of the research was to associate the sagittal growth of the upper and lower jaw and the cervical maturation index in lateral cephalic radiographs of patients between 8 and 20 years of age from the city of Cuenca. A descriptive, correlational and retrospective cross-sectional quantitative approach was conducted with a database of 10,586 lateral cephalic radiographs. It was observed that the peak of growth begins around 9 years of age in women and at 11 years in men, and culminates at age 13 in females, and between 14 and 17 years in males. In addition, a low correlation was determined between the sagittal growth of the upper jaw and the stages of vertebral maturation (r = 0.338) as well as with the lower jaw (r = 0.357). Finally, it was concluded that the growth of the upper jaw occurs in the first stages of cervical maturation, while in the lower jaw, longitudinal growth occurs from stage III of cervical maturation.
RESUMO
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the growth maturity indicators in orthodontic patients. Design: This cross-sectional study was performed on 37 orthodontic patients (17 males and 20 females). An anamnesis, clinical and image examination, and blood sample collection were performed. The inclusion criteria were non-syndromic Class II patients of both gender, age ranging between 10 to 16 years. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated using 6-stage cervical vertebrae maturation (CVM) technique. The hand-wrist radiographs were staged using the 11-stage skeletal maturation indicator (SMI) technique. Blood was collected in the same week of the images to quantify IGF-1 levels in serum. Data were tested for normality by Shapiro-Wilk test. The Pearson test was used to determine the correlation strength between the variables (alpha of 5%). Results: A strong correlation was observed only between SMI stages and CVM stages in the total sample (r=0.864; p<0.0001) and according to the gender (r=0.793; p<0.0001 for females; and r=0.753; p<0.0001 for males). IGF-1 was only moderately correlated with SMI stages and CVM stages. Conclusion: Hand-wrist and cervical vertebral stages were strongly correlated among them, however, IGF-1 was only moderately correlated with both skeletal maturity indicators.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To correlate skeletal age, standing height, upper and lower body lengths, and selected craniofacial growth features in a sample of growing individuals, and to model craniofacial growth using multivariate regression. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with 447 African black boys and girls, between the ages 8 and 16 years, who attended the dental clinic at one hospital. The skeletal maturational age was determined from hand-wrist radiographs using the Greulich and Pyle atlas. Craniofacial measurements representing maxillary length (Ar-ANS), mandibular length (Ar-Gn), and lower facial height (ANS-Me) were calculated from lateral cephalograms in habitual occlusion. Body lengths were clinically measured in centimeters. Results: Moderate correlations (r=0.42 to 0.68) were observed between skeletal age and the three selected craniofacial measurements. Statistically significant correlations were also found between the craniofacial measurements and both upper and lower body lengths. The mandibular length had a stronger correlation with the upper body length than with the lower body length. Multiple regression analyses to determine maxillary and mandibular lengths suggested that sex, upper and lower body lengths might be used to determine maxillary length; while skeletal age, upper and lower body lengths might help determine mandibular length. Conclusions: Based on the relatively strong correlation between upper body length and mandibular length, further research in this area may warrant its use as a predictor for mandibular growth modification timing.
RESUMO Objetivo: correlacionar a idade esquelética, a estatura, as alturas corporais superior e inferior, e algumas características específicas do crescimento craniofacial, em uma amostra de indivíduos em crescimento, e delinear o crescimento craniofacial usando regressão multivariada. Métodos: esse estudo transversal retrospectivo foi feito com 447 meninos e meninas negros africanos, com idades entre 8 e 16 anos, atendidos na clínica odontológica de um hospital. A maturação esquelética, em anos, foi determinada a partir de radiografias de mão e punho, usando o atlas de Greulich e Pyle. As medidas craniofaciais representando o comprimento maxilar (Ar-ENA), o comprimento mandibular (Ar-Gn) e a altura facial anterior inferior (ENA-Me) foram calculadas a partir de cefalogramas laterais em oclusão habitual. Os comprimentos corporais foram medidos clinicamente, em centímetros. Resultados: correlações moderadas (r = 0,42 a 0,68) foram observadas entre a idade esquelética e as três medidas craniofaciais selecionadas. Também foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significativas entre as medidas craniofaciais e as alturas corporais superior e inferior. O comprimento mandibular teve uma correlação mais forte com a altura corporal superior do que com a inferior. As análises de regressão múltipla para determinar os comprimentos maxilar e mandibular sugeriram que o sexo e as alturas corporais superior e inferior podem ser usados para determinar o comprimento maxilar, enquanto a idade esquelética e as alturas corporais superior e inferior podem ajudar a determinar o comprimento mandibular. Conclusões: com base na correlação relativamente forte entre a altura corporal superior e comprimento mandibular, pesquisas adicionais nessa área poderiam justificar seu uso como indicador para o período de modificação do crescimento mandibular.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Crânio/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estatura , Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto/estatística & dados numéricos , Oclusão Dentária , Ossos Faciais/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Mandíbula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Maxila/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Crânio/anatomia & histologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Modelos Lineares , Fatores Sexuais , Cefalometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Etários , Ossos Faciais/anatomia & histologia , Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Maxila/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we developed new software for quantitative analysis of cervical vertebrae maturation, and we evaluated its applicability through a multinomial logistic regression model (MLRM). METHODS: Digitized images of the bodies of the second (C2), third (C3) and fourth (C4) cervical vertebrae were analysed in cephalometric radiographs of 236 subjects (116 boys and 120 girls) by using a software developed for digitized vertebrae analysis. The sample was initially distributed into 11 categories according to the Fishman's skeletal maturity indicators and were then grouped into four stages for quantitative cervical maturational changes (QCMC) analysis (QCMC I, II, III and IV). Seven variables of interest were measured and analysed to identify morphologic alterations of the vertebral bodies in each QCMC category. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among all QCMC categories for the variables analysed. The MLRM used to calculate the probability that an individual belonged to each of the four cervical vertebrae maturation categories was constructed by taking into account gender, chronological age and four variables determined by digitized vertebrae analysis (Ang_C3, MP_C3, MP_C4 and SP_C4). The MLRM presented a predictability of 81.4%. The weighted κ test showed almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.832) between the categories defined initially by the method of Fishman and those allocated by the MLRM. CONCLUSIONS: Significant alterations in the morphologies of the C2, C3 and C4 vertebral bodies that were analysed through the digitized vertebrae analysis software occur during the different stages of skeletal maturation. The model that combines the four parameters measured on the vertebral bodies, the age and the gender showed an excellent prediction.
Assuntos
Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto/métodos , Vértebras Cervicais/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Software , Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Etários , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Ossos do Carpo/diagnóstico por imagem , Cefalometria/métodos , Vértebras Cervicais/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Previsões , Ossos da Mão/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Radiografia Dentária Digital/métodos , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Los glucocorticoides, comúnmente utilizados en el tratamiento del síndrome nefrótico, pudieran interferir en elcrecimiento y desarrollo del niño. La maduración ósea (MO) por el método Tanner- Whitehouse II (TW I2) constituye un indicador para evaluar el desarrollo somático. Analizar el comportamiento de la MO con relación al estado nutricional antropométrico y a las características clínico patológicas en niños, niñas y adolescentes con Síndrome Nefrótico. Estudio transversal, exploratorio, descriptivo y correlacional. Se evaluaron 28 pacientes (11 niñas, 17 varones) entre 2 y 16 años con síndrome nefrótico, que acudieronentre agosto y octubre de 2008 a la consulta de nefrología del Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Elías Toro, cuyos padres autorizaron las medicionesde peso y talla y la realización de una radiografía de mano y muñeca izquierdas para edad ósea TW2. Se utilizaron la prueba de ANOVAsimple, t de Student y coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, con nivel de significación estadística de p <0,05. Predominó el género masculino(60,7%). Dos pacientes tuvieron un índice de masa corporal en exceso y ninguno con déficit. Predominó la edadósea normal (85,7%), adelantada en tres niños (10,7%) y retardada en uno. Se observó una relación inversa entre el número de recaídas y el porcentaje de maduración ósea alcanzada en los pacientes masculinos con corticoresistencia (p < 0,05). Este estudio reveló diferencias en el comportamiento de la maduración ósea, según el género y la condición de corticoresistencia
Glucocorticoids, commonly used in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome could interfere in childrens growth and development. Skeletal maturity determined by Tanner-Whitehouse II method (TW2) constitutes an indicator of bone maturation. To analyze the behavior of bone age (BA) related to anthropometric nutritional status and to clinical and pathological characteristics of children and adolescents with nephrotic syndrome. This is a cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive andcorrelational study. Twenty eight patients (11 girls, 17 boys) diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome that attended the nephrology outpatient clinic of the Pediatric Hospital Dr. Elías Toro, from August to October 2008. Weight and height were measured using international techniques, and a left hand and wrist X-ray was evaluated by the TW2-method. ANOVA, t-Student test and Pearson correlation coefficient were calculated with a significance level of p< 0.05. Results: boys predominated (60.7%). Body mass index was abovenormal in 2 patients and normal in the rest. BA was normal in 24 children (85.7%), advanced in three (10.7%) and delayed in one. An inverse relationship was found between the number of relapses and the percentage of maturity reached in steroid resistant male patients (p < 0.05). This study shows a probable difference in the behavior of BA, according to gender steroid resistance
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Estado Nutricional , Síndrome Nefrótica/patologia , Síndrome Nefrótica/sangue , Antropometria , Desenvolvimento Ósseo , Desenvolvimento Musculoesquelético , PediatriaRESUMO
Con el fin de evaluar la asociación entre la madurez ósea y los cambios en los niveles de las gonadotrofinas durante las etapas iniciales de la pubertad, se correlacionaron los niveles séricos de las hormonas luteinizante (LH) y folículo-estimulante (FSH) con el estado de maduración esquelética (evaluado por el método de Greulich y Pyle), la edad, el peso, la talla y la madurez sexual (según la clasificación de Tanner y con el empleo del orquidómetro de Prader) en una población sana de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia.El estudio de tipo prospectivo observacional, conformado por 16 varones y 15 niñas, entre 8 y 12 años de edad, evaluó seis veces a la misma cohorte durante un período de 30 meses empleando muestras sanguíneas para los niveles hormonales y radiografías de las estructuras óseas carpofalángicas; se incluyeron quienes completaron seis muestras sanguíneas y seis estudios radiológicos.Una vez registradas las diferencias clínicas de los estados Tanner de madurez sexual, los varones con ganancia progresiva de peso mostraron tendencia hacia mayores concentraciones de FSH y discreto avance de la edad esquelética, en tanto que, para los dos sexos, el cambio en los valores de LH se correlacionó mejor con la progresión de la edad esquelética independientemente de otras variables.
In order to analyze the association between skeletal maturation and the changes in the levels of gonadotrophinsduring the initial stages of puberty, serum levels of luteinizing (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) were correlated with the state of skeletal maturation (determined by the method of Greulich and Pyle), and with the age, weight, height and sexual maturity (according to the classification of Tanner and using Prader´s orchidometer) in a healthy population of Medellin, Colombia. Our report includes 16 boys and 15 girls, ranging in age from 8 to 12 years, who completed a total of six blood specimens for hormone levels determination, and six radiographic studies of the carpo-phalangeal bone structures. The study lasted 30 months. Boys with progressive weight gain showed a trend towards higher concentrations of FSH and a discrete advance in skeletal age. On the other hand, in both girls and boys, changes in the LH values were betterassociated with the progression of skeletal age with no influence of other variables.