RESUMO

RESUMO Este artigo problematiza a disseminação institucional recente de dispositivos para a redução de riscos de desastres - caracterizados pela tríade sirenes, sinalização de rotas de fuga e exercícios simulados de emergência - desde uma perspectiva sociológica e em interface com o olhar antropológico. Parte-se metodologicamente da identificação de nexos significativos entre as noções de vida cotidiana, ordem social e communitas para, então, considerar as modulações entre tais nexos no que tange à (in)viabilização do bem-estar coletivo. Embora apresentados no sistema de proteção e defesa civil como sendo estratégias eficazes ante perigos consideráveis, essa reflexão sugere que tais dispositivos de redução de riscos de desastres cumpram uma finalidade subsidiária. Tratar-se-ia de retirar da sociedade uma visão mais crítica sobre as origens dos processos socioambientais geradores de tais perigos. Ao se indagar acerca do quão efetivo esse conjunto de estratégias padronizadas poderia ser diante das dinâmicas socioambientais complexas dos diferentes contextos comunitários nos quais têm sido replicadas, conclui-se que o efeito prático mais preocupante é o de, progressivamente, converter o medo coletivo de uma possível ocorrência de desastres em um meio pelo qual se buscaria naturalizar uma ordem social baseada em comportamentos sociais dóceis a uma ordem social antidemocrática.

ABSTRACT This article aims to present the problematics of the recent institutional dissemination of a given set of disaster risk reduction strategies, characterized by the triad composed by sirens, escape routes, and emergency drills, using a sociological perspective, in interface with the anthropological view. It begins with the identification of significant links of the notions of everyday life, social order, and communitas. Then, it is analysed the modulations of such links, concerning the (in)practicability of the collective wellbeing. Although these are present in the civil protection and defense system as effective strategies when facing considerable dangers, this reflection suggests that such dispositifs for disaster reduction serve a secondary purpose. That is to hinder from society the critical perspective about the origins of the socioenvironmental processes that generates such dangers. By asking how effective this set of standardized strategies could be, given the complexity of socioenvironmental dynamics in different community contexts in which such strategies have been replicated, one concludes that their primary effect is to convert the collective fear of a possibility of occurrence of disaster into a means by which a new non-democratic social order based on docile collective behaviour is emerging.

RESUMO

Emergency response organizations need to be resilient to cope with escalating events resulting from dynamic, unexpected, or complex situations. In Brazil, the Firefighter Corps are military hierarchal organizations with a culture based on fixed structures, well defined norms and procedures. These push against innovations which are necessary to be resilient. This research describes how firefighter captains in the 30-35-year age range managed an emergency response escalation in light of standard operating procedures (SOPs) during a training exercise. The study used ethnographic methods to find and discuss gaps between the instructions and the activities carried out during the exercise, highlighting the differences between work as done (WAD) and work as imagined (WAI), as it was instantiated in the SOP prescriptions. The aim was to produce reflections on WAI and WAD as a way to raise awareness of the need for a cultural change toward resilience in firefighter organizations. This was achieved through firefighter engagement with a comprehensive visualization of the analysis results which afforded easy interaction between the experts, the data, and the researchers.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The current work presents results from a cognitive task analysis (CTA) of a nuclear disaster simulation. Audio-visual records were collected from an emergency room team composed of individuals from 26 different agencies as they responded to multiple scenarios in a simulated nuclear disaster. This simulation was part of a national emergency response training activity for a nuclear power plant located in a developing country. The objectives of this paper are to describe sources of resilience and brittleness in these activities, identify cues of potential improvements for future emergency simulations, and leveraging the resilience of the emergency response system in case of a real disaster. Multiple CTA techniques were used to gain a better understanding of the cognitive dimensions of the activity and to identify team coordination and crisis management patterns that emerged from the simulation exercises.

Assuntos