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Here, we announce the complete genome of a previously undescribed papillomavirus from a betta fish, Betta splendens. The genome is 5,671 bp with a GC content of 38.2%. Variants were detected in public databases. This genome is most similar to papillomaviruses that infect sea bass (52.9 % nucleotide identity).

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The processes that contribute to plant organ morphogenesis are spatial-temporally organized. Within the meristem, mitosis produces new cells that subsequently engage in cell expansion and differentiation programs. The latter is frequently accompanied by endoreplication, being an alternative cell cycle that replicates the DNA without nuclear division, causing a stepwise increase in somatic ploidy. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis SCL28 transcription factor promotes organ growth by modulating cell expansion dynamics in both root and leaf cells. Gene expression studies indicated that SCL28 regulates members of the SIAMESE/SIAMESE-RELATED (SIM/SMR) family, encoding cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors with a role in promoting mitotic cell cycle (MCC) exit and endoreplication, both in response to developmental and environmental cues. Consistent with this role, mutants in SCL28 displayed reduced endoreplication, both in roots and leaves. We also found evidence indicating that SCL28 co-expresses with and regulates genes related to the biogenesis, assembly, and remodeling of the cytoskeleton and cell wall. Our results suggest that SCL28 controls, not only cell proliferation as reported previously but also cell expansion and differentiation by promoting MCC exit and endoreplication and by modulating aspects of the biogenesis, assembly, and remodeling of the cytoskeleton and cell wall.

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Imaging examinations are of remarkable importance for diagnostic support in Dentistry. Imaging techniques allow analysis of dental and maxillofacial tissues (e.g., bone, dentine, and enamel) that are inaccessible through clinical examination, which aids in the diagnosis of diseases as well as treatment planning. The analysis of imaging exams is not trivial; so, it is usually performed by oral and maxillofacial radiologists. The increasing demand for imaging examinations motivates the development of an automatic classification system for diagnostic support, as proposed in this paper, in which we aim to classify teeth as healthy or with endodontic lesion. The classification system was developed based on a Siamese Network combined with the use of convolutional neural networks with transfer learning for VGG-16 and DenseNet-121 networks. For this purpose, a database with 1000 sagittal and coronal sections of cone-beam CT scans was used. The results in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, specificity, and F1-score show that the proposed system has a satisfactory classification performance. The innovative automatic classification system led to an accuracy of about 70%. The work is pioneer since, to the authors knowledge, no other previous work has used a Siamese Network for the purpose of classifying teeth as healthy or with endodontic lesion, based on cone-beam computed tomography images.

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Congenital malformations are morphofunctional abnormalities of tissues and organs that can occur during embryonic or fetal development in all animal species. Among these, dicephalus is characterized by the development of an individual with two heads and two necks, due to the total duplication of facial, cranial, and brain structures. Reports of dicephalus in cattle are scarce and do not normally emphasize radiographic and bone anatomy characteristics. The objective was to describe a case of a stillborn dicephalus calf. The duplication of the head, brain, neck, and two thoracic vertebral columns, isolated from each other, with 13 vertebrae each was verified radiographically. There were 13 pairs of ribs, the ones on the right side articulated with the thoracic spine on the right and the left ones with the spine on the left. Caudally at T13, there was only one lumbar spine, sacral and coccygeal. In the ventrodorsal projection, L1, L2, L3, and L6 had the shape of a butterfly (suggestive of hemivertebrae). At necropsy, in addition to craniocervical and spinal morphological changes, collapsed lungs, duplication of the heart with anastomosis between the aortic arches of the hearts, and duplication of the upper digestive tract were observed. Additionally, there was arthrogryposis of the pelvic limbs. Corpse maceration, followed by the skeletal assembly, showed the bone changes previously observed and confirmed the suspicion of hemivertebrae.

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Congenital malformations are morphofunctional abnormalities of tissues and organs that can occur during embryonic or fetal development in all animal species. Among these, dicephalus is characterized by the development of an individual with two heads and two necks, due to the total duplication of facial, cranial, and brain structures. Reports of dicephalus in cattle are scarce and do not normally emphasize radiographic and bone anatomy characteristics. The objective was to describe a case of a stillborn dicephalus calf. The duplication of the head, brain, neck, and two thoracic vertebral columns, isolated from each other, with 13 vertebrae each was verified radiographically. There were 13 pairs of ribs, the ones on the right side articulated with the thoracic spine on the right and the left ones with the spine on the left. Caudally at T13, there was only one lumbar spine, sacral and coccygeal. In the ventrodorsal projection, L1, L2, L3, and L6 had the shape of a butterfly (suggestive of hemivertebrae). At necropsy, in addition to craniocervical and spinal morphological changes, collapsed lungs, duplication of the heart with anastomosis between the aortic arches of the hearts, and duplication of the upper digestive tract were observed. Additionally, there was arthrogryposis of the pelvic limbs. Corpse maceration, followed by the skeletal assembly, showed the bone changes previously observed and confirmed the suspicion of hemivertebrae.(AU)

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Abstract The Internet is chosen to be one among the primary source of biomedical information. To retrieve necessary biomedical information, the search engine needs an efficient, focused crawler mechanism. But the area of research concerned with the focused crawler for biomedical topics is notably scanty. However, the quantity, momentum, diversity, and quality of the available online biomedical information, challenges and calls for enhanced aid to crawl. This paper surmounts the challenges and proposes a new learning approach for focused web crawling adopting Attention Enhanced Siamese Long Short Term Memory (AE-SLSTM) Networks with peephole connections which predicts topical relevance of the web page. The proposed AE-SLSTM model accurately computes the semantic similarity between the topic and the web pages. The performance of the newly designed crawler is assessed using two well known metrics namely harvest rate ( h r a t e ) and irrelevance ratio ( p r a t e ). The presented crawler surpass the existing focused crawlers with an average h r a t e of 0.39 and an average p r a t e of 0.61 after crawling 5,000 web pages relating to biomedical topics. The results clearly depicts that the proposed methodology aids to download more relevant biomedical web pages related to the particular topic from the internet.

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A clinical case in which skin and hair color change occurred after sacrococcygeal epidural anesthesia in a nine-month-old Siamese cross queen undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is described. Six weeks after surgery, during a re-check, it was noted that in the sacrococcygeal region the color of the skin and new hair growth was dark with a color comparable to the color present on the body extremities (muzzle, pinnae, legs, and tail). The skin and new hair growth of the shaved abdomen presented a standard color. The key enzyme of the melanogenic pathway in mammals is tyrosinase (TYR), and the Siamese temperature-sensitive phenotype is the result of genetic mutations that makes TYR function thermolabile. The activity of TYR in these cats is limited to the extremities where the temperature is lower while pigment production is impaired in the other body areas. The trichotomy of the sacrococcygeal region performed during wintertime in an outdoor cat was probably the trigger for increased activity of TYR in this area promoting pigment production. The absence of the same alterations in the abdominal area may be justified by less exposure of that region to the external environment, as well as to the feline habits of sedentarism, that avoid significant cooling in these regions. This report highlights the importance of taking this type of occurrence into account when performing an epidural in the Siamese cat breed. Also, to avoid skin color change in this breed, the authors recommend a midline abdominal instead of a flank approach to perform OHE.(AU)

Descreve-se um caso clínico no qual ocorreu mudança na cor da pele e do pelo após anestesia epidural sacrococcígea numa gata cruzada de raça Siamês de nove meses submetida à ovariohisterectomia (OVH). Seis semanas após a cirurgia, durante uma avaliação pós-operatória, notou-se que na região sacrococcígea, a cor da pele e o crescimento do pelo apresentavam uma cor escura, comparável à das extremidades do corpo (face, orelhas, membros e cauda). A pele e o crescimento do pelo do abdómen, que também havia sido tosquiado, apresentavam uma cor padrão. A enzima chave da via melanogênica em mamíferos é a tirosinase (TYR) e o fenótipo siamês sensível à temperatura é o resultado de mutações genéticas que tornam a função TYR termolábil. A atividade da TYR nestes gatos é limitada às extremidades onde a temperatura é mais baixa, enquanto a produção de pigmento é prejudicada em outras áreas do corpo. A tricotomia da região sacrococcígea realizada durante o inverno nesta gata com acesso livre ao ambiente externo, provavelmente determinou um aumento da atividade da TYR nesta área, promovendo a produção de pigmento. A ausência das mesmas alterações na região abdominal pode ser justificada pela menor exposição desta área do corpo ao ambiente externo, também devido aos hábitos felinos de sedentarismo, que evitam resfriamento significativo nestas regiões. Este relato destaca a importância de se levar em consideração a possibilidade deste tipo de ocorrência quando da realização de uma anestesia epidural nesta raça de gatos. Além disso, os autores recomendam uma abordagem abdominal na linha média ao invés de uma abordagem de flanco para realizar a OVH nesta raça, a fim de evitar a alteração da cor da pele.(AU)

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RESUMO

A clinical case in which skin and hair color change occurred after sacrococcygeal epidural anesthesia in a nine-month-old Siamese cross queen undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is described. Six weeks after surgery, during a re-check, it was noted that in the sacrococcygeal region the color of the skin and new hair growth was dark with a color comparable to the color present on the body extremities (muzzle, pinnae, legs, and tail). The skin and new hair growth of the shaved abdomen presented a standard color. The key enzyme of the melanogenic pathway in mammals is tyrosinase (TYR), and the Siamese temperature-sensitive phenotype is the result of genetic mutations that makes TYR function thermolabile. The activity of TYR in these cats is limited to the extremities where the temperature is lower while pigment production is impaired in the other body areas. The trichotomy of the sacrococcygeal region performed during wintertime in an outdoor cat was probably the trigger for increased activity of TYR in this area promoting pigment production. The absence of the same alterations in the abdominal area may be justified by less exposure of that region to the external environment, as well as to the feline habits of sedentarism, that avoid significant cooling in these regions. This report highlights the importance of taking this type of occurrence into account when performing an epidural in the Siamese cat breed. Also, to avoid skin color change in this breed, the authors recommend a midline abdominal instead of a flank approach to perform OHE.(AU)

Descreve-se um caso clínico no qual ocorreu mudança na cor da pele e do pelo após anestesia epidural sacrococcígea numa gata cruzada de raça Siamês de nove meses submetida à ovariohisterectomia (OVH). Seis semanas após a cirurgia, durante uma avaliação pós-operatória, notou-se que na região sacrococcígea, a cor da pele e o crescimento do pelo apresentavam uma cor escura, comparável à das extremidades do corpo (face, orelhas, membros e cauda). A pele e o crescimento do pelo do abdómen, que também havia sido tosquiado, apresentavam uma cor padrão. A enzima chave da via melanogênica em mamíferos é a tirosinase (TYR) e o fenótipo siamês sensível à temperatura é o resultado de mutações genéticas que tornam a função TYR termolábil. A atividade da TYR nestes gatos é limitada às extremidades onde a temperatura é mais baixa, enquanto a produção de pigmento é prejudicada em outras áreas do corpo. A tricotomia da região sacrococcígea realizada durante o inverno nesta gata com acesso livre ao ambiente externo, provavelmente determinou um aumento da atividade da TYR nesta área, promovendo a produção de pigmento. A ausência das mesmas alterações na região abdominal pode ser justificada pela menor exposição desta área do corpo ao ambiente externo, também devido aos hábitos felinos de sedentarismo, que evitam resfriamento significativo nestas regiões. Este relato destaca a importância de se levar em consideração a possibilidade deste tipo de ocorrência quando da realização de uma anestesia epidural nesta raça de gatos. Além disso, os autores recomendam uma abordagem abdominal na linha média ao invés de uma abordagem de flanco para realizar a OVH nesta raça, a fim de evitar a alteração da cor da pele.(AU)

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The application of deep learning techniques may prove difficult when datasets are small. Recently, techniques such as one-shot learning, few-shot learning, and Siamese networks have been proposed to address this problem. In this paper, we propose the use a convolutional Siamese network (CSN) that learns a similarity metric that discriminates between plant species based on images of leaves. Once the CSN has learned the similarity function, its discriminatory power is generalized to classify not just new pictures of the species used during training but also entirely new species for which only a few images are available. This is achieved by exposing the network to pairs of similar and dissimilar observations and minimizing the Euclidean distance between similar pairs while simultaneously maximizing it between dissimilar pairs. We conducted experiments to study two different scenarios. In the first one, the CSN was trained and validated with datasets that comprise 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 pictures per species, extracted from the well-known FLAVIAmathsizesmall dataset. Then, the trained model was tested with another dataset composed of 320 images (10 images per species) also from FLAVIAmathsizesmall. The obtained accuracy was compared with the results of feeding the same training, validation, and testing datasets to a convolutional neural network (CNN) in order to determine if there is a threshold value t for dataset size that defines the intervals for which either the CSN or the CNN has better accuracy. In the second studied scenario, the accuracy of both the CSN and the CNN-both trained and validated with the same datasets extracted from FLAVIAmathsizesmall-were compared when tested on a set of images of leaves of 20 Costa Rican tree species that are not represented in FLAVIAmathsizesmall.

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This paper describes the behavioral data of an experiment in which water flows (WFs) were first used as replacement of the traditional electric shocks to test free-operant avoidance in Betta splendens (Hurtado-Parrado et al. 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2018.10.021). WFs with a duration of 10 s each were delivered with 30-s flow-flow (F-F) and response-flow (R-F) intervals in a custom-made shuttle tank. Fish escaped or avoided the WFs by changing compartments. Crossings during the WFs, interrupted the flows, were automatically scored as escape (Esc), and initiated a new R-F interval. Crossings that occurred during R-F or F-F intervals were scored as avoidance responses and also reset the R-F interval. We compared the effect of adding a warning stimulus - curtains of air bubbles - to the last 5 s of the R-F interval; i.e., signaled versus unsignaled avoidance. A unique development of the WFs procedure, and thus the data here described, is that crossings were further differentiated into subcategories; namely, early avoidance (EA) if a crossing occurred during the first 25 s of the R-F interval; late avoidance (LA) if a crossing occurred during the last 5 s of the R-F interval; and Flow-Flow avoidance (FF) if a crossing occurred anytime during the F-F interval. Here we present the data of six bettas across the different phases of the experiment; namely, baseline (BL - no WFs programmed), signaled avoidance (SA - warning stimulus scheduled), and unsignaled avoidance (UA - no warning stimulus scheduled). The dataset available at the Open Science Framework (OSF) repository (http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FMHXD (Hurtado-Parrado et al., 2019)) includes for each fish and per 20-min daily session the total number of crossings; frequency of each type of crossing (Esc, EA, LA, FF); total WF frequency and duration, the total time spent in each compartment, and an index of preference for each compartment based on the proportion of time spent in the tank's compartments.

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Los gemelos siameses son una entidad rara, cuya incidencia varía de 1 en 50.000 a 1 en 100.000 nacidos vivos; solo el 18 % sobrevive y aproximadamente el 35 % de los nacidos vivos muere en las primeras 24 horas. Se reportó un caso de siameses toracópagos, con diagnóstico prenatal mediante ultrasonografía a las 32.1 semanas de gestación, cuyas cabezas y extremidades son individuales; poseen genitales femeninos; a nivel del tórax se observó la existencia de un corazón que envía un vaso arterial a lo que se asemeja a una masa cardiaca inerte y rudimentaria al feto contralateral; comparten los órganos abdominales. El embarazo se interrumpió a las 32.1 semanas de gestación y los pacientes sobrevivieron dos horas, luego de lo cual fallecieron por la cardiopatía compleja.

Siamese twins are rare, occurring 1 in 50 000 to 1 in 100 000 live births; only 18% survive and approximately 35% of live births die in the first 24 hours. We report a case of thoracopagu twins. The prenatal diagnosis was made by ultrasound at 32 weeks of gestation. They had separated heads and extremities; they were females; at the joint thorax there was a single heart that sent an arterial vessel to what resembles a rudimentary cardiac mass in the contralateral fetus. They shared abdominal organs. Pregnancy was interrupted at 32.1 weeks of gestation; patients survived 2 hours.

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Se denominan siameses a aquellos gemelos que comparten estructuras anatómicas en grado variable. La incidencia varía entre 1:50 000 a 1:100 000 embarazos, 1:4 de los casos fallecen in utero y 40-60 por ciento mueren poco después del parto.Los hallazgos en autopsias médico-científicas de gemelos unidos cefalópagos, que son aquellos que presentan fusión cefálica con dos hemicaras, son el cuarto tipo de siameses en ocurrencia y su incidencia está estimada en 1 por cada 3'000.000 de embarazos o 1/58 siameses. El objetivo es presentar los hallazgos de una autopsia médico-científica de gemelos unidos cefalópagos. Se trata de gemelos cefalópagos, con terminación de embarazo por incompatibilidad con la vida extrauterina. Presentan cordón umbilical único de cinco vasos, tenían cráneos fusionados a nivel frontofacial con dos caras en lados opuestos de la cabeza (Janiceps), con fusión ventro-ventral de los ejes somáticos hasta debajo del ombligo sobre la pelvis, con sistemas respiratorios, cardiaco y genitourinario independientes, el sistema digestivo superior esta fusionado hasta el intestino medio, con duplicación a partir de la tercera porción del duodeno. Los gemelos siameses cefalópagos no son los más infrecuentes, pero es difícil encontrar series de casos y revisiones sistemáticas de sus características y patogénesis en Latinoamérica. Son escasas las estadísticas sobre siameses y no se ha descrito previamente ningún caso como éste. Se hace necesaria la realización de estudios de autopsias para mejorar la descripción y caracterización de estos casos y poder determinar si existen otras condiciones asociadas además de las teorías de unión embriológica(AU)

It is denominated siamese to those twins that share anatomical structures to a variable degree. The incidence varies between 1/50.000 and 1/100.000 pregnancies, 1:4 of the cases die in the uterus and 40-60 percent die shortly after birth. Findings in a medical-scientific autopsies of conjoined cephalopagus twins, those that presenting cephalic fusion with two hemi faces, are the fourth type of Siamese in occurrence and their incidence is estimated in 1 every 3´000.000 pregnancies or 1/58 siamese. It is about cephalopagus twins, with termination of pregnancy due to incompatibility with extrauterine life. They presented a five vessels common umbilical cord, fused craniums at frontofacial level with two faces in opposed sides of the head (Janiceps), ventro-ventral fusion of the somatic axis until below the umbilicus and above the pelvis, independent respiratory, cardiac and genitourinary systems. The superior digestive system was fused until the medium intestine, with duplication parting from the third portion of the duodenum. Conjoined cephalopagus twins are not the most frequent but it is hard to find a series of cases and systemic revisions of their characteristics and pathogenesis in Latin America. Statistics on Siamese twins are scarce and it has not been previously described any case like this one. Autopsy studies becomes necessary to improve the description and characterization of these cases and to determine the existence of any other associated conditions different to those of the embryologic union theory(AU)

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La duplicación cráneo-facial (diprosopus) es el resultado de la forma menos común de gemelos acoplados. La utilización de la ecografía 3D para el diagnóstico de esta patología ha sido reportada. Se presenta el segundo caso de esta patología en Colombia. Caso clínico de hijo de madre de 28 años a quien se le realizó diagnóstico prenatal con ecografía 3D, de duplicación craneofacial y de la columna vertebral. Cariotipo prenatal bandeo G: 46, XX. Al nacimiento se encontró feto de sexo femenino con duplicación craneofacial con la presencia de tres ojos, dos narices y dos bocas, con presencia de columna vertebral duplicada hasta la región cervical con espina bífida a nivel cervical. La utilización de ecografía 3D, permite realizar un diagnóstico oportuno de esta patología, lo que permite un abordaje multidisciplinario de las gestantes(AU)

Craniofacial duplication (diprosopus) is the result of the less common form of coupled twins. The use of 3D ultrasound for diagnosis of this disease has been reported.A second case of this disease occurs in Colombia. A clinical case of a son of 28-year-old mother, who underwent prenatal diagnosis with 3D ultrasound of craniofacial duplication and spine.Prenatal karyotype banding G: 46XX. At birth, a female fetus was found with craniofacial duplication, the presence of three eyes, two noses and two mouths, the presence of duplicate backbone up to the cervical region, and spina bifida at the cervical level. The use of 3D ultrasound allows early diagnosis of this disease, allowing a multidisciplinary approach of pregnant women(AU)

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Background: Congenital defects consist of structural or functional abnormalities present at birth, which partially or globally affect the systems. Among the defects are the conjoined twins, a rare congenital anomaly caused by fusion of two monozygotic embryos which can be classified according to the different sites of union. The Siamese twins and embryonic duplication are represented by a progressive series of malformations, since partial duplication of part of the body to the training almost full two bodies. Siamese twins occur in humans and in several animal species. Dicephalia refers to two totally separate heads. The aim of this study was to report a case of dicephalia in a bovine fetus. Case: A crossbred bovine fetus from a cow pregnant at. The animal was fixed by immersion in 10% formalin for sample collection. Muscles were dissected, with exposure of the bones of the right head, neck, forelimb, and hind limb. After dissection, the fetus was subjected to a preservation process by impregnation with glycerin. Next, internal organs were removed in bloc (from tongue to rectum) for evaluation of internal alterations. Additionally, radiographs of the spinal cord were performed to diagnose alterations by diagnostic imaging. Radiography revealed the presence of two skulls; two cervical spines, both with seven vertebrae; two thoracic spines, both with 13 vertebrae; and two lumbar [...]

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Background: Congenital defects consist of structural or functional abnormalities present at birth, which partially or globally affect the systems. Among the defects are the conjoined twins, a rare congenital anomaly caused by fusion of two monozygotic embryos which can be classified according to the different sites of union. The Siamese twins and embryonic duplication are represented by a progressive series of malformations, since partial duplication of part of the body to the training almost full two bodies. Siamese twins occur in humans and in several animal species. Dicephalia refers to two totally separate heads. The aim of this study was to report a case of dicephalia in a bovine fetus. Case: A crossbred bovine fetus from a cow pregnant at. The animal was fixed by immersion in 10% formalin for sample collection. Muscles were dissected, with exposure of the bones of the right head, neck, forelimb, and hind limb. After dissection, the fetus was subjected to a preservation process by impregnation with glycerin. Next, internal organs were removed in bloc (from tongue to rectum) for evaluation of internal alterations. Additionally, radiographs of the spinal cord were performed to diagnose alterations by diagnostic imaging. Radiography revealed the presence of two skulls; two cervical spines, both with seven vertebrae; two thoracic spines, both with 13 vertebrae; and two lumbar [...](AU)

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Neste artigo, veremos duas questões. Por um lado, a partir de Freud, sintetizo a perspectiva psicossomática, que considera que todos os seres humanos constituem uma unidade psicofísica e que todo o processo físico tem seu correlato afetivo específico. Como exemplo, destaco a importância do DNA mitocondrial, herdado somente da mãe. A outra questão que desenvolvo é seu correlato psíquico. Para isso, diferentemente de Freud, considero que a verdadeira horda primitiva é a família consanguínea (todos com todos, inclusive a própria mãe), e que – na filogenia – depois de se estabelecer a primeira proibição do incesto, começou a luta fratricida (todos contra todos). Estas marcas filogenéticas ganham força através da experiência ontogenética universal: estado pré-natal em e com a mãe, vinculo denominado siamês. O representante pós-natal dessa poderosa díade é a criança indômita. Nós a expressamos quando aspiramos restabelecer aquela segurança original, quando empreendemos lutas fratricidas para recuperar um lugar em e com equivalentes maternos (cônjuge, filhos, netos, líderes empresariais, institucionais, partidos políticos, etc.). Proponho adicionar às fases de desenvolvimento evolutivo o complexo prévio: estado siamês em e com a mãe-criança indômita-luta fratricida. E interpretar sua transferência em todas as biografias.

In this work I refer to two issues. First, from Freud, I synthesize a psychosomatic perspective, which considers that all human beings constitute a psychophysical unity and that every physical process has its specific affective correlate. As an example I focus on the importance of mitochondrial DNA, inherited only from the mother. The other issue is its psychical correlate. For this, unlike Freud, I rescue that the true primitive horde was the consanguineous family (everybody with everybody, even with their own mother). Thus – in the phylogeny – after establishing the first prohibition of incest, fratricide struggle began (all against all). These phylogenetic footprints gain strength by universal ontogenetic experience: prenatal state in and with mom, relationship that I call siamese. The postnatal representative of this powerful dyad is the indomitable child. We express it when we wish to restore that original security, when we establish fraternal struggles to regain a place in and with maternal equivalents (partners, children, grandchildren, business and institutional leaders, political parties, etc.). I propose to add in evolutionary developmental stages to this prior complex: siamese state in and with mom-indomitable child-fratricidal struggle. And interpret their transfer in all biographies.

En este trabajo me refiero a dos cuestiones. Por un lado, a partir de Freud sintetizo la perspectiva psicosomática que considera que todos los seres humanos constituimos una unidad psicofísica y que todo proceso físico posee su específico correlato afectivo. Como ejemplo me centro en la importancia del ADN mitocondrial, heredado solo por vía materna. Así, la otra cuestión que desarrollo es su correlato psíquico. Para eso, a diferencia de Freud, rescato que la verdadera horda primitiva fue la familia consanguínea (todos con todos, incluso la propia madre), y que – en la filogenia – luego de establecer la primera prohibición del incesto, comenzó la lucha fratricida (todos contra todos). Estas huellas filogenéticas cobran fuerza por la experiencia ontogenética universal: el estado prenatal en y con mamá, vínculo que denomino siamés. El representante postnatal de esta poderosa díada lo denomino niño indómito. Lo expresamos cuando aspiramos a restablecer aquella originaria seguridad, cuando establecemos luchas fraternas para reconquistar un lugar en y con equivalentes maternos (pareja, hijos, nietos, líderes empresariales, institucionales, partidos políticos, etc.). Propongo agregar en las fases del desarrollo evolutivo el complejo previo: estado siamés em y con mamá-niño indómito-lucha fratricida. E interpretar su transferencia en todas las biografias.

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RESUMO

Neste artigo, veremos duas questões. Por um lado, a partir de Freud, sintetizo a perspectiva psicossomática, que considera que todos os seres humanos constituem uma unidade psicofísica e que todo o processo físico tem seu correlato afetivo específico. Como exemplo, destaco a importância do DNA mitocondrial, herdado somente da mãe. A outra questão que desenvolvo é seu correlato psíquico. Para isso, diferentemente de Freud, considero que a verdadeira horda primitiva é a família consanguínea (todos com todos, inclusive a própria mãe), e que – na filogenia – depois de se estabelecer a primeira proibição do incesto, começou a luta fratricida (todos contra todos). Estas marcas filogenéticas ganham força através da experiência ontogenética universal: estado pré-natal em e com a mãe, vinculo denominado siamês. O representante pós-natal dessa poderosa díade é a criança indômita. Nós a expressamos quando aspiramos restabelecer aquela segurança original, quando empreendemos lutas fratricidas para recuperar um lugar em e com equivalentes maternos (cônjuge, filhos, netos, líderes empresariais, institucionais, partidos políticos, etc.). Proponho adicionar às fases de desenvolvimento evolutivo o complexo prévio: estado siamês em e com a mãe-criança indômita-luta fratricida. E interpretar sua transferência em todas as biografias. (AU)

In this work I refer to two issues. First, from Freud, I synthesize a psychosomatic perspective, which considers that all human beings constitute a psychophysical unity and that every physical process has its specific affective correlate. As an example I focus on the importance of mitochondrial DNA, inherited only from the mother. The other issue is its psychical correlate. For this, unlike Freud, I rescue that the true primitive horde was the consanguineous family (everybody with everybody, even with their own mother). Thus – in the phylogeny – after establishing the first prohibition of incest, fratricide struggle began (all against all). These phylogenetic footprints gain strength by universal ontogenetic experience: prenatal state in and with mom, relationship that I call siamese. The postnatal representative of this powerful dyad is the indomitable child. We express it when we wish to restore that original security, when we establish fraternal struggles to regain a place in and with maternal equivalents (partners, children, grandchildren, business and institutional leaders, political parties, etc.). I propose to add in evolutionary developmental stages to this prior complex: siamese state in and with mom-indomitable child-fratricidal struggle. And interpret their transfer in all biographies. (AU)

En este trabajo me refiero a dos cuestiones. Por un lado, a partir de Freud sintetizo la perspectiva psicosomática que considera que todos los seres humanos constituimos una unidad psicofísica y que todo proceso físico posee su específico correlato afectivo. Como ejemplo me centro en la importancia del ADN mitocondrial, heredado solo por vía materna. Así, la otra cuestión que desarrollo es su correlato psíquico. Para eso, a diferencia de Freud, rescato que la verdadera horda primitiva fue la familia consanguínea (todos con todos, incluso la propia madre), y que – en la filogenia – luego de establecer la primera prohibición del incesto, comenzó la lucha fratricida (todos contra todos). Estas huellas filogenéticas cobran fuerza por la experiencia ontogenética universal: el estado prenatal en y con mamá, vínculo que denomino siamés. El representante postnatal de esta poderosa díada lo denomino niño indómito. Lo expresamos cuando aspiramos a restablecer aquella originaria seguridad, cuando establecemos luchas fraternas para reconquistar un lugar en y con equivalentes maternos (pareja, hijos, nietos, líderes empresariales, institucionales, partidos políticos, etc.). Propongo agregar en las fases del desarrollo evolutivo el complejo previo: estado siamés em y con mamá-niño indómito-lucha fratricida. E interpretar su transferencia en todas las biografias. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Ontogeny process comprises the embryo development from the moment of fecundation, through embryonic development phase, until hatching or later phases. The study of embryogenesis is an important tool for growth study of the species within their natural environment. The present work observed and registered the main stages of Betta splendens embryonic development, one of the most promising ornamental species mostly because of the increasing commercial interest, to describe the initial ontogeny and thus contribute for a better understanding about the biology of this species. It was possible to observe that as the embryonic time passes, there was a decrease in yolk height and then at its length, mainly at the final phases of embryonic period. Newly hatched larvae did not use feed from exogenous source. The embryo of B. splendens presented embryonic development phases similar to the observed for other teleostei species. The 1st cell division/blastula was observed at 1 HPF (Hour-Post-Fertilization) until the 7.5 HPF; the gastrula period was observed starting at 8.5 HPF until 14.5 HPF; the organogenesis period was from 15 HPF until the hatching moment, at 38 HPF.(AU)

O processo de ontogenia pode ser descrito como o desenvolvimento do embrião desde o momento da fecundação, passando pela fase de desenvolvimento embrionário, até a eclosão ou fases posteriores. O estudo da embriogênese de uma espécie é de grande importância, por ser uma ferramenta útil no estudo do crescimento de espécies em seu ambiente natural. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo descrever a ontogenia inicial em embriões da espécie Betta splendens, uma das espécies ornamentais que mais se destaca devido ao grande interesse comercial, mediante a observação e registro dos principais estádios do desenvolvimento embrionário, contribuindo dessa forma para um melhor conhecimento da biologia da espécie. Foi possível observar que com o desenvolvimento embrionário, houve uma diminuição no volume do vitelo principalmente nas fases finais desse período. As larvas recém eclodidas observadas no presente estudo não utilizaram alimentos de fonte exógena. O embrião de B. splendens apresentou fases de desenvolvimento embrionário semelhantes aquelas observadas em outras espécies de teleósteos. A 1ª. divisão celular/blástula foi observada à 1 HPF (Hora Pós-Fecundação) até as 7.5 HPF; o período de gástrula foi observado a partir de 8.5 HPF até 14.5 HPF; o período de organogênese foi de 15 HPF até o momento da eclosão, às 38 HPF.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Ontogeny process comprises the embryo development from the moment of fecundation, through embryonic development phase, until hatching or later phases. The study of embryogenesis is an important tool for growth study of the species within their natural environment. The present work observed and registered the main stages of Betta splendens embryonic development, one of the most promising ornamental species mostly because of the increasing commercial interest, to describe the initial ontogeny and thus contribute for a better understanding about the biology of this species. It was possible to observe that as the embryonic time passes, there was a decrease in yolk height and then at its length, mainly at the final phases of embryonic period. Newly hatched larvae did not use feed from exogenous source. The embryo of B. splendens presented embryonic development phases similar to the observed for other teleostei species. The 1st cell division/blastula was observed at 1 HPF (Hour-Post-Fertilization) until the 7.5 HPF; the gastrula period was observed starting at 8.5 HPF until 14.5 HPF; the organogenesis period was from 15 HPF until the hatching moment, at 38 HPF.

O processo de ontogenia pode ser descrito como o desenvolvimento do embrião desde o momento da fecundação, passando pela fase de desenvolvimento embrionário, até a eclosão ou fases posteriores. O estudo da embriogênese de uma espécie é de grande importância, por ser uma ferramenta útil no estudo do crescimento de espécies em seu ambiente natural. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo descrever a ontogenia inicial em embriões da espécie Betta splendens, uma das espécies ornamentais que mais se destaca devido ao grande interesse comercial, mediante a observação e registro dos principais estádios do desenvolvimento embrionário, contribuindo dessa forma para um melhor conhecimento da biologia da espécie. Foi possível observar que com o desenvolvimento embrionário, houve uma diminuição no volume do vitelo principalmente nas fases finais desse período. As larvas recém eclodidas observadas no presente estudo não utilizaram alimentos de fonte exógena. O embrião de B. splendens apresentou fases de desenvolvimento embrionário semelhantes aquelas observadas em outras espécies de teleósteos. A 1ª. divisão celular/blástula foi observada à 1 HPF (Hora Pós-Fecundação) até as 7.5 HPF; o período de gástrula foi observado a partir de 8.5 HPF até 14.5 HPF; o período de organogênese foi de 15 HPF até o momento da eclosão, às 38 HPF.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Se describe un caso de gemelos unidos, tipo toracópagos, con diagnóstico antenatal mediante ecografía. En una paciente de 14 años de edad, primigesta, se informó gestación gemelar variedad toracópago-xifópago de 23,4 semanas por ecografía. Ingresó al Hospital Madre-Niño San Bartolomé, donde se realizó cesárea corporal clásica más técnica B. Lynch, obteniendo recién nacidos vivos pretérmino toracópagos, sexo femenino. El diagnóstico se complementó con el estudio anatomopatológico confirmatorio. Se presenta el resumen de la historia clínica y el protocolo de necropsia.

A case of thoracopagus conjoined twins with ultrasound antenatal diagnosis is presented. Ultrasound study in a 14 year-old young mother in her first pregnancy revealed twin pregnancy variety thoracopagus-xiphopagus 23,4 weeks by biometry. She was admitted at Hospital Nacional Madre-Nino San Bartolome where classical corporal cesarean section plus B. Lynch technique were performed and female thoracopagus preterm live newborns were obtained. Pathology confirmed diagnosis. Summary of the clinical history and necropsy protocol are presented.