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Sífilis é uma infecção sexualmente transmissível (IST) que sinaliza a necessidade de efetivas políticas públicas devido ao aumento de casos na última década. Dessa forma, o objetivo do trabalho é descrever a incidência de sífilis no estado do Rio de Janeiro e no município de Seropédica. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), referentes ao município de Seropédica e ao estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 2010 a 2022. Resultados: foram identificados 105.138, 79.609 e 42.819 casos de sífilis adquirida, em gestantes e congênita, respectivamente, no estado do Rio de Janeiro e 187, 140 e 79 casos de sífilis adquirida, em gestantes e congênita, respectivamente, no município de Seropédica. Foi observado uma incidência maior para sífilis adquirida entre homens em comparação com mulheres tanto no estado do Rio de Janeiro (62.719 versus 42.346) quanto no município de Seropédica (110 versus 77). Houve um aumento nas taxas de incidência de sífilis no estado do Rio de Janeiro e no município de Seropédica ao longo dos anos. Conclusão: a sífilis segue sendo uma doença com alta incidência no território do Rio de Janeiro. Nesse sentido, é importante elaborar estratégias em saúde pública mais efetivas às pessoas acometidas por tal infecção.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that signals the need for effective public policies due to the increase in cases in the last decade. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the incidence of syphilis in the state of Rio de Janeiro and in the municipality of Seropédica. Methods: a descriptive study with a quantitative approach was carried out. Data collection was performed through the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), referring to the municipality of Seropédica and the state of Rio de Janeiro, from 2010 to 2022. Results: overall, 105.138, 79.609 and 42.819 cases of acquired syphilis, in pregnant women, and congenital syphilis, respectively, were identified in the state of Rio de Janeiro, and 187, 140, and 79 cases of acquired syphilis, in pregnant women, and congenital syphilis, respectively, were identified in the municipality of Seropédica. A higher incidence of acquired syphilis was observed among men compared to women both in the state of Rio de Janeiro (62.719 versus 42.346) and in the municipality of Seropédica (110 versus 77). There has been an increase in the incidence rates of syphilis in the state of Rio de Janeiro and the municipality of Seropédica over the years. Conclusion: syphilis continues to be a disease with a high incidence in the territory of Rio de Janeiro. In this sense, it is important to develop more effective public health strategies for people affected by this infection.
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Humanos , Masculino , FemininoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Transactional sex relationships (TSRs) create financial and emotional support for men and women, as well as an increased sexual risk. Studies have reported high HIV and STI transmission rates among young women in transactional sex relationships. However, little is known about TSR prevalence in Jamaica and risky sexual practices among participants. This study investigates the sexual behaviour of Jamaicans in TSR. METHODS: Secondary data analysis of a national survey revealed that 586 participants (38%) self-reported being in at least one TSR in the last 12 months. We also identified a third category called "Benefluids", who play both roles of benefactor and beneficiary in transactional sex relationships. RESULTS: 59 percent of male Benefluids had two to five transactional sex relationship partners in the last 12 months, compared to 40% of female Benefluids. Twenty-eight percent of female Benefluids reported sexually transmitted infection symptoms in the last 12 months compared to 13.5% of male Benefluids. While females reported more sexually transmitted infection symptoms, young men had the highest sexual risk precursors. CONCLUSIONS: People in transactional sex relationships often play the role of beneficiaries and benefactors to meet material and sexual needs but this increases the risk of STI symptoms.
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Assunção de Riscos , Trabalho Sexual , Comportamento Sexual , Parceiros Sexuais , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Humanos , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Trabalho Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Prevalência , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sexo sem Proteção/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Profissionais do Sexo/estatística & dados numéricos , Profissionais do Sexo/psicologiaRESUMO
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are a critical global health concern, with low- and middle-income countries carrying the highest burden. The development of rapid point-of-care STI tests has enabled screening in settings without laboratory access. Yet, high-need settings face unique challenges that may influence the implementation and uptake of STI screening. This piece discusses lessons learned from the implementation of STI screening in a rural, low-resource setting in Chiapas, Mexico. Despite minimal privacy and a low staff-to-patient ratio, a streamlined approach was developed to destigmatize and maximize STI screening. The clinic team developed strategies through practice, including incorporating screening into triage procedures and offering screening to family members. This protocol led to an average screening rate of 37% within three months and acceptance of screening by family units. It was observed that access to treatment was necessary to alleviate patient hesitation to screening due to fears of a positive result. As STI screening increases globally, healthcare systems must develop robust access to treatment to effectively prevent and treat STIs worldwide.
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Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) cause considerable morbidity worldwide and, depending on the specific pathogen, may lead to serious complications in the female reproductive tract. Incarcerated women are particularly vulnerable to health problems with a disproportionate high rate of STIs, including infections with human papillomavirus (HPV). Methods: Here, cervical swab samples collected from 299 women (18 to 64 years) living in one of the women's prisons of São Paulo, Brazil were submitted for liquid-based cytology to determine the prevalence of precancerous lesions. Furthermore, direct detection of 30 genital HPV genotypes (18 high-risk and 12 low-risk types) and 11 additional STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, Haemophilus ducreyi, Mycoplasma genitalium and hominis, Treponema pallidum, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma parvum and urealyticum) were performed by molecular typing using two PCR-based DNA microarray systems, i.e., EUROArray HPV and EUROArray STI (EUROIMMUN), respectively. Results: The overall prevalence of cytological abnormalities was 5.8%, including five women with low-grade and five women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The overall prevalence of HPV was 62.2, and 87.1% of the HPV-positive women were infected with oncogenic high-risk (HR) HPV types. HPV types 16 (24.1%), 33 and 52 (both 10.4%) were the most frequently detected. The prevalence of the other STIs was 72.8%. Up to four different pathogens were found in the infected women, the most frequent being Ureaplasma parvum (45.3%), Mycoplasma hominis (36.2%) and Trichomonas vaginalis (24.8%). Conclusion: The high number of HR-HPV infections and other STIs described here highlights the fact that the Brazilian female prison population requires more attention in the country's health policies. The implementation of screening programs and treatment measures might contribute to a decrease in the incidence of STIs and cervical cancer in this vulnerable population. However, for such measures to be effective, further studies are needed to investigate the best practice to get more women to engage in in-prison prevention programs, e.g., through offering further sexual health education and self-sampling.
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Papillomavirus Humano , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Prisioneiros , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Brasil/epidemiologia , Colo do Útero/patologia , Colo do Útero/microbiologia , Colo do Útero/virologia , Papillomavirus Humano/genética , Papillomavirus Humano/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Prevalência , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/microbiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In Latin America, Peru has the second highest number of cases of monkeypox (Mpox), of which more than 50 % are Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive. Here, we compared the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Mpox between people with and without HIV in Peru. METHODS: We conducted a national retrospective study using data on confirmed cases of Mpox reported by the Peruvian National Surveillance System from 15 June 2022 to 31 December 2023. RESULTS: A total of 3561 confirmed cases of Mpox were included. Of these, 2123 (60 %) patients were people living with HIV (PLWH), with increased odds for those aged 30 years or older, homosexual (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 8.58 [6.95-10.59], p<0.0001), bisexual (aOR=4.44 [3.46-5.69], p<0.0001), sex workers (aOR=2.24 [1.07-4.68], p=0.032), people with a history of syphilis (aOR=2.07 [1.66-2.58], p<0.001), and hospitalized (aOR=3.08 [2.03-4.68], p<0.001). PLWH were more likely to have proctitis (aOR=1.73 [1.26-2.37], p=0.001). The overall mortality was 20 of 3561 (0.56 %). Among PLWH and Mpox, more deaths occurred in hospitalized (p<0.001) and non-ART (p<0.001) individuals. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight that HIV infection among Mpox cases in Peru is associated with high-risk sexual behaviour and a high likelihood of hospitalization.
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Infecções por HIV , Mpox , Humanos , Peru/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Mpox/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Fatores de Risco , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Sífilis/complicaçõesRESUMO
The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) affects over 5 million people worldwide and is endemic in Brazil. Though HTLV-1 is a notifiable disease, the last epidemiological report regarding HTLV-1 infection covered the period from 2012 to 2019. To understand the specific challenges and to develop the best strategies for controlling HTLV-1 infection, it is important to know the characteristics of each region providing care to people living with this virus. This descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated patients treated at the HTLV reference center in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil, between July 2021 and August 2022. The data were obtained through the analysis of medical records and routine clinical consultations. A total of 67 patients were evaluated, with 79.1% being female, 79.1% identifying as black, indigenous, and people of color, 37.31% being married, 80.6% identifying as heterosexual, and 59.7% reporting inconsistent condom use. Additionally, 37.3% of the patients were diagnosed with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a chronic disease with a considerable effect on the quality of life. Furthermore, 53.7% of the patients had incomplete/complete elementary education, and 52.2% had an income of up to one minimum wage. The data highlight the necessity for more specific public policies (such as health education strategies, aimed at reducing the number of new infections) targeting the described at-risk population.
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Following the 2022 global mpox outbreak, diagnoses decreased worldwide, even in settings with limited vaccine access. In 2023-2024, a new outbreak emerged in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, highlighting the importance of continuous surveillance, preventive measures such as vaccination in vulnerable populations, and treatment options, emphasizing equitable global health technology distribution.
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Surtos de Doenças , Doenças Negligenciadas , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Negligenciadas/epidemiologia , Doenças Negligenciadas/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Criança , Adolescente , Pré-Escolar , Adulto Jovem , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , LactenteRESUMO
Sexual assault victims are at major risk of being infected by sexually transmitted infections (STI). This article aims to examine and compare the prevalence of eight STIs (e.g., chlamydia, gonorrhea, hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, human papillomavirus) among victims and non-victims of sexual abuse. A national cross-sectional study was conducted in Haiti, using a multistage sampling frame, stratified by geographical department, urban or rural setting, gender, and age groups (15-19 and 20-24 years). The final sample included 3586 household participants (47.6% female). A weighted sample of 3945 individuals was obtained and used in the following analyses. Overall, 21.75% (95% CI 19.91-23.59) of participants reported having been diagnosed with at least one STI in their lifetime, with a higher prevalence among men (25.70%; 95% CI 22.89-28.52), compared to women (18.11%; 95% CI 15.73-20.49), χ2 = 16.43; p < 0.001). Sexual abuse victims were more likely to report STIs (31.27%; 95% CI 29.21-33.34), compared to non-victims (18.40%; 95% CI 16.68-20.13), χ2 = 27.89; p < .001. Sexual abuse was associated to an increased risk of contracting at least one STI (OR = 1.74; 95% CI 1.35, 2.24). The results demonstrate that sexual abuse is associated with a general increase of reporting STIs. They indicate the need for national sexual abuse prevention programs at early ages. These programs should be implemented in schools and churches, focusing on the role of families in sexuality education. Finally, programs must be developed to eradicate community violence-especially in the cities-as increased political and social violence has always been associated with increased sexual abuse in Haiti.
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Vítimas de Crime , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Humanos , Haiti/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Estudos Transversais , Prevalência , Vítimas de Crime/estatística & dados numéricos , Delitos Sexuais/estatística & dados numéricos , AdultoRESUMO
Rollet's Mixed Chancre is a clinical presentation of sexually transmitted infections (STI), involving the coexistence of Haemophilus ducreyi and Treponema pallidum at the same site of infection. Here, we report a case of Rollet's Mixed Chancre in a 32-year-old Brazilian woman. On physical examination she presented with a unilateral bubo measuring approximately 5 × 3 centimeters in diameter, in association with an ulcerated lesion that evolved for 10 days at the inguinal region. She was successfully treated at a health unit with antibiotics. Rollet's Mixed Chancre, though uncommon, poses diagnostic challenges. This case highlights the importance of considering rare STI manifestations. Moreover, comprehensive STI screening and adherence to treatment guidelines are essential for effective management and prevention of further transmission.
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BACKGROUND: Syphilis remains a significant global public health issue, and female sex workers (FSWs) are highly vulnerable to the etiological agent of this disease. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of exposure to Treponema pallidum, as well as the vulnerability factors among FSWs in the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: A cross-sectional, retrospective study involving 360 FSWs from five cities in Pará was conducted from 2005 to 2007. Blood samples were collected for treponemal and non-treponemal testing, and epidemiological information was obtained through interviews. RESULTS: The exposure rate to T. pallidum was 37.7% (136/360), and the majority of FSWs had serological results indicating past exposure (21.1%). Among the FSWs exposed to T. pallidum, most of them were single, aged 23 to 42 years old, had less than 8 years of schooling, and had a family income of between 1 and 3 minimum wages. They reported using condoms during sexual intercourse and had no history of sexually transmitted infection (STI). Furthermore, many of the FSWs exposed to T. pallidum reported having more than 20 sexual partners per month, and had partners from other Brazilian states, but not from other countries. An age over 42 years and a reduced level of education were factors associated with exposure to T. pallidum. Finally, a high rate of exposure to T. pallidum among FSWs in the Brazilian state of Pará (from 2005 to 2007) was detected. In later years, epidemiological studies conducted with FSWs recorded that this rate remained high. Measures to control, treat, and prevent syphilis among FSWs were necessary between 2005 and 2007, and they are still imperative today. Actions related to educational programs and STI control, treatment, and prevention measures contained in Brazilian policies aimed at women's health have not changed the vulnerability scenario of FSWs regarding their exposure to T. pallidum, even after 16 years, and must be reviewed and adapted to the conditions of the Brazilian Amazon.
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OBJECTIVES: To analyze the rate of gestational syphilis (GS) based on temporal trends over 11 years, as well as the spatial distribution of GS in Brazil, based on the identification of spatial clusters. METHODOLOGY: An ecological, using Brazil and its regions as an analysis unit, based on gestational syphilis data reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), from 2011 to 2020. Thematic maps were built for spatial data analysis, and the Prais-Winsten autoregressive model was used to verify the trend. Spatial analysis identified the distribution of clusters (high-high; low-low; high-low and low-high) of distribution of GS across Brazilian municipalities, using a 5% significance level. RESULTS: Gestational syphilis experienced a considerable increase in cases during the studied period, with a peak of 37,436 cases in 2018. The spatial distribution of the disease is heterogeneous in the country. A growing trend was observed in all states of Brazil, except for Espírito Santo, where it remained stationary, with a monthly variation of 10.32%. CONCLUSION: The spatial and temporal trend analysis point to syphilis as an important public health problem. The numbers are alarming and show the urgent need for measures to prevent and control syphilis during pregnancy.
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Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Sífilis , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Feminino , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Análise Espacial , Análise Espaço-TemporalRESUMO
Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir las concepciones de los Hombres Gay, Hombres Bisexuales y una Mujer Transgénero que usan o quieren usar profilaxis previa a la exposición por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana oral (PrEP) sobre nuevas vías de administración. Fueron entrevistados 17 usuarios del BCN Checkpoint. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas en audio, sometidas a análisis categorial temático teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva praxeográfica. Todos están adaptados al uso de la PrEP diaria y a demanda. En relación con las nuevas vías de administración (PrEP inyección intramuscular cada dos meses; pastilla mensual; inyección subcutánea cada seis meses) todos son muy receptivos a esas posibilidades, pero les falta información sobre las especificidades de cada una de ellas y una evaluación específica de sus necesidades. Tanto la satisfacción con el uso de PrEP oral, como las expectativas sobre las nuevas vías de administración son positivas. Sin embargo, lo más importante para los/a entrevistados/a es la garantía de que tendrán seguimiento para continuar cuidando de la salud afectivo-sexual, lo que no depende del tipo de vía de administración.
Abstract This article aims to discuss the expectations of Homosexual Men, Bisexual Men and a Transgender Woman, who use or want to use an oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about PrEP modalities. Sixteen PrEP users, who are followed up in the BCN Checkpoint, were interviewed,. The interviews were audio-recorded, subjected to thematic categorical analysis within the theoretical framework from the praxiographic perspective. They are all adapted to the use of daily oral and event-based PrEP. In relation to the new PrEP modalities (monthly pill; intramuscular injection every two months; subcutaneous injection every six months), they are all very receptive to these possibilities, but they lack information on the specificities of each and specific assessment of their needs. Comments about the use of oral PrEP are positive, and expectations regarding the new PrEP modalities are visibly high. However, the most important thing for the interviewees is the guarantee that they will have follow-up appointments to continue taking care of their affective-sexual health, which is not dependent on the type of PrEP modalities.
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INTRODUCTION: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health problem to which young people are highly exposed and knowledge about vulnerabilities that affect them is needed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge about STIs and sexual behavior of a university population in the city of Sorocaba/SP. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with data collection realized by an online application with qualitative and quantitative characteristics. RESULTS: Four hundred and seventy-seven (477) university students from different areas of knowledge were analyzed. The majority pointed to the beginning of sexual life between 15 and 18 years old. Information about sex education was obtained mainly through parents and/ or guardians, while little additional knowledge was obtained after entering higher education. Biological and Health Sciences students achieved a higher score on the knowledge questionnaire and were less likely (0.391) to contract STIs when compared to Applied Social Sciences or Engineering students (2.8 and 2.9 more likely, respectively). CONCLUSION: Students who demonstrated greater knowledge about STIs and acquired more information on the subject during graduation were less likely to become infected, suggesting that campaigns aimed at the university public are essential for the prevention and control of these pathogens.
INTRODUÇÃO: As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) são um grande problema de saúde pública, ao qual os jovens apresentam alta exposição, sendo necessário um maior conhecimento sobre as vulnerabilidades que os acometem. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre as IST e o comportamento sexual de uma população universitária na cidade de Sorocaba/SP. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, com a coleta de dados realizada por meio de aplicação online de questionário com características qualitativas e quantitativas. RESULTADOS: Quatrocentos e setenta e sete (477) universitários de diferentes áreas de conhecimento foram avaliados. A maioria dos relatos apontou para o início da vida sexual entre 15 e 18 anos. As informações sobre educação sexual foram obtidas principalmente por intermédio dos pais e/ou responsáveis, enquanto pouco conhecimento adicional foi obtido após o ingresso no Ensino Superior. Estudantes de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde alcançaram o maior score no questionário sobre conhecimento e apresentaram chances menores (0,391) de contrair IST, quando comparados aos estudantes de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas ou Engenharias (2,8 e 2,9 mais chances, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: Os estudantes que demonstraram maior conhecimento sobre as IST e que adquiriram mais informações sobre o tema durante a graduação apresentaram chances menores de se infectar, o que sugere que campanhas destinadas ao público universitário são essenciais para a prevenção e o controle desses patógenos.
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Humanos , Adulto , Comportamento Sexual , Educação Sexual , Estudantes , Universidades , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Comportamento ReprodutivoRESUMO
Objetivo: analisar os comportamentos sexuais e as práticas de prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis de estudantes universitários do sexo masculino. Métodos: estudo descritivo, quantitativo, transversal, realizado em uma universidade privada, no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foi selecionada uma amostra intencional de 126 estudantes, da área de ciências humanas, na faixa etária de 18 a 29 anos. Foram atendidos todos os aspectos éticos e legais em pesquisa. Resultados: Estudantes na faixa etária entre 18-21 anos representaram 76,19% dos participantes; a maioria teve a primeira relação sexual entre 12-16 anos (71,68%) e possuíam parceiros sexuais - fixos (75,24%) e casuais (73,33%). Usaram preservativos: na sexarca 66,37% e com parceiros casuais 63,64%; não o utilizavam em todas as relações sexuais 61,06% dos participantes. Conclusão: as vulnerabilidades apontam a necessidade de estímulos à adoção de práticas profissionais voltadas à educação em saúde do homem sobre as Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis. (AU)
Objective: analyze the sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted infections prevention practices of male university students. Methods: descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study carried out at a private university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. An intentional sample of 126 students in the humanities, aged 18 to 29 years, was selected. All ethical and legal aspects of research were met. Results: Students aged between 18-21 years represented 76.19% of participants; most had their first sexual intercourse between 12-16 years old (71.68%) and had sexual partners - steady (75.24%) and casual (73.33%). Condoms were used: 66.37% at sexarche and 63.64% with casual partners; 61.06% of the participants did not use it in all sexual relations. Conclusion: the vulnerabilities point to the need to encourage the adoption of professional practices aimed at men's health education on Sexually Transmitted Diseases. (AU)
Objetivo: analizar los comportamientos sexuales y las prácticas de prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual de estudiantes universitarios varones. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal, realizado en una universidad privada de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Se seleccionó una muestra intencional de 126 estudiantes de humanidades, de 18 a 29 años. Se cumplieron todos los aspectos éticos y legales de la investigación. Resultados: Los estudiantes de 18 a 21 años representaron el 76,19% de los participantes; la mayoría tuvo su primera relación sexual entre los 12-16 años (71,68%) y tuvo parejas sexuales, estables (75,24%) y casuales (73,33%). Se utilizaron condones: 66,37% en sexarche y 63,64% con parejas casuales; El 61,06% de los participantes no lo utilizó en todas las relaciones sexuales. Conclusión: las vulnerabilidades apuntan a la necesidad de incentivar la adopción de prácticas profesionales orientadas a la educación para la salud de los hombres en Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual. (AU)
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Comportamento Sexual , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Preservativos , Saúde do Homem , Vulnerabilidade SexualRESUMO
Objetivo: identificar o Letramento em Saúde (LS), relacionados ao HIV/aids, à Tuberculose, às Hepatites Virais e às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST), na área de conhecimento da Enfermagem. Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, com base em materiais documentais, acerca do HIV/aids, tuberculose, hepatites virais e IST, no campo da Enfermagem, considerando as produções de dissertações e teses, até o ano de 2023. Resultados: Elencou-se 62 produções abordando o LS na área de conhecimento em Enfermagem, sendo a primeira em 2012. Após análise, identificou-se nove estudos: três teses (33,3%) e seis dissertações (66,7%), sendo, cinco (55,6%) de HIV/ Aids, um (11,1%) de tuberculose, um (11,1%) de hepatite C e dois (22,2%) de IST. Conclusão: As produções incipientes sobre LS no contexto do HIV/aids, tuberculose, hepatites virais e IST, bem como, na área de Enfermagem, requer o desenvolvimento de novas investigações, visto a proposta de eliminar essas doenças/ infecções como problema de saúde pública até 2030. Faz-se necessário compreender o LS dos indivíduos nessas áreas, como ferramenta para potencializar a atenção prestada, principalmente, no contexto da APS, considerando a atuação da enfermagem como estratégica para o planejamento e a oferta do cuidado e para a promoção do autocuidado. (AU)
Objective: to identify Health Literacy (HL), related to HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), around nursing knowledge. Methods: This is an exploratory, descriptive research, based on documentary materials, about HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis and STIs, in the field of nursing, considering the production of dissertations and theses, until the year 2023. Results: 62 productions were listed addressing LS around knowledge in Nursing, the first being in 2012. After analysis, nine studies were identified: three theses (33.3%) and six dissertations (66.7%), five (55.6%) of HIV/AIDS, one (11.1%) of tuberculosis, one (11.1%) of hepatitis C and two (22.2%) of STIs. Conclusion: The incipient productions on LS in the context of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis and STIs, as well as, around nursing, requires the development of new investigations, given the proposal to eliminate these diseases/infections as a public health problem by 2030. if necessary, understand the HL of individuals in these areas, as a tool to enhance the care provided, mainly in the context of PHC, considering nursing actions as strategic for planning and offering care and promoting self-care. (AU)
Objetivo: identificar la Alfabetización en Salud (AS), relacionada con VIH/SIDA, Tuberculosis, Hepatitis Virales e Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS), en el área de conocimiento de enfermería. Métodos: Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, basada en material documental, sobre VIH/SIDA, tuberculosis, hepatitis virales e ITS, en el campo de la enfermería, considerando la producción de disertaciones y tesis, hasta el año 2023. Resultados: 62 producciones. fueron listados abordando LS en el área de conocimiento en Enfermería, siendo el primero en 2012. Luego del análisis, se identificaron nueve estudios: tres tesis (33,3%) y seis disertaciones (66,7%), cinco (55,6%) sobre VIH/ SIDA, uno (11,1%) de tuberculosis, uno (11,1%) de hepatitis C y dos (22,2%) de ITS. Conclusión: Las incipientes producciones sobre LS en el contexto de VIH/SIDA, tuberculosis, hepatitis virales e ITS, así como así como, en el área de enfermería, requiere el desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones, ante la propuesta de eliminar estas enfermedades/infecciones como un problema de salud pública para el año 2030. De ser necesario, entender la AS de los individuos en estas áreas, como una herramienta. potenciar los cuidados prestados, principalmente en el contexto de la APS, considerando las acciones de enfermería como estratégicas para planificar y ofrecer cuidados y promover el autocuidado. (AU)
Assuntos
Letramento em Saúde , Tuberculose , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , HIV , Hepatite Viral HumanaRESUMO
Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias de prevenção às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/HIV/Aids conhecidas por mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres. Métodos: Pesquisa de campo com abordagem qualitativa exploratória. Para a coleta de dados, optou-se pela técnica de amostragem não probabilística bola de neve, realizada por meio de entrevistas online, conduzidas no período de novembro de 2022 a abril de 2023. Todos os momentos foram registrados e, em seguida, transcritos integralmente para análise. A perspectiva da interseccionalidade e vulnerabilidade guiaram a análise, focalizando as estratégias de prevenção e a atuação dos profissionais de saúde no atendimento às MSM. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 22 mulheres, jovens, em sua maioria naturais da Bahia, brancas, sem religião, com ensino superior e renda familiar entre 2 e 4 salários-mínimos. Os achados demonstraram que as estratégias de prevenção das IST/ HIV/Aids são conhecidas pelas mulheres, no entanto são pouco usuais, considerando que o aprendizado sobre elas se deu a partir das escolas, família e amigos e eles discorrem sobre as práticas heterossexuais, não sendo pertinente as adaptações para o sexo entre mulheres com vulvas. Conclusão: As estratégias de prevenção às IST/HIV/Aids são então caracterizadas como adaptações, sobretudo pela escassez de estudos que asseguram a sua efetividade. (AU)
Objective: To identify prevention strategies for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)/HIV/AIDS known to women who have sexy with women (WSW). Methods: A qualitative exploratory field study was conducted. Data collection utilized a snowball non-probabilistic sampling technique, with online interviews conducted from November 2022 to April 2023. All interactions were recorded and subsequently transcribed verbatim for analysis. The perspectives of intersectionality and vulnerability guided the analysis, focusing on prevention strategies and the role of healthcare professionals in serving WSW. Results: The study included 22 participants, predominantly young women from Bahia, of white ethnicity, without religious affiliation, with a college education, and a family income ranging from 2 to 4 minimum wages. Findings indicated that while women were aware of prevention strategies for STI/HIV/AIDS, they were infrequently utilized. Knowledge about these strategies primarily came from schools, family, and friends, which predominantly discussed heterosexual practices, with little relevance to adaptations for vulva-to-vulva sexual activity. Conclusion: Prevention strategies for STI/HIV/AIDS among WSW are thus characterized as adaptations, particularly due to the scarcity of studies ensuring their effectiveness. (AU)
Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias de prevención de Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS)/VIH/SIDA conocidas por las mujeres que tienen relaciones sexuales con mujeres (MSM). Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de campo con enfoque cualitativo exploratorio. Para la recolección de datos, se optó por la técnica de muestreo no probabilístico de bola de nieve, llevada a cabo a través de entrevistas en línea, realizadas desde noviembre de 2022 hasta abril de 2023. Todos los momentos fueron registrados y posteriormente transcritos íntegramente para su análisis. Las perspectivas de interseccionalidad y vulnerabilidad guiaron el análisis, centrándose en las estrategias de prevención y la actuación de los profesionales de la salud en la atención a las MSM. Resultados: Participaron en la investigación 22 mujeres, en su mayoría jóvenes, nativas de Bahía, blancas, sin afiliación religiosa, con educación superior y un ingreso familiar entre 2 y 4 salarios mínimos. Los hallazgos demostraron que las estrategias de prevención de ITS/VIH/SIDA son conocidas por las mujeres, sin embargo, son poco comunes, considerando que el aprendizaje sobre ellas proviene de la escuela, la familia y los amigos, quienes hablan sobre prácticas heterosexuales, sin que sean pertinentes las adaptaciones para el sexo entre mujeres con vulvas. Conclusion: Las estrategias de prevención de ITS/VIH/SIDA se caracterizan así como adaptaciones, principalmente debido a la escasez de estudios que garanticen su efectividad. (AU)
Assuntos
Homossexualidade Feminina , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Enfermagem , Conhecimento , Saúde SexualRESUMO
Objetivo: Verificar a autoeficácia no uso de preservativo de estudantes do curso de graduação em enfermagem de uma Universidade Pública Federal no interior de Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com discentes de graduação em enfermagem. Utilizou-se um instrumento sociodemográfico e a Escala de Autoeficácia no Uso de Preservativos. Resultados: Participaram 148 estudantes, predominando na faixa etária de 18 a 25 anos (74,3%), de cor branca (52,7%), gênero feminino (82,4%) e heterossexuais (77,7%). Dos 117 (79,1%) com vida sexual ativa, 53 (45,3%) usam preservativo e 51 (43,6%) usam pílula ou injeção. Observou-se alta pontuação na autoeficácia no uso de preservativo. Houve diferenças significativas nas dimensões Habilidade, Assertividade e escore total da escala entre os que têm e os que não têm vida sexual ativa. Conclusão: Os estudantes mostraram ter conhecimento satisfatório sobre a autoeficácia do uso de preservativos, apesar da baixa adesão. Isso ressalta a importância de estratégias educativas focadas na prática efetiva e consistente do uso de preservativos para prevenção de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. (AU)
Objective: Verify self-efficacy in condom use among undergraduate nursing students at a Federal Public University in the interior of Minas Gerais. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study with a quantitative approach, conducted with undergraduate nursing students. Data were collected using a sociodemographic instrument and the Condom Use SelfEfficacy Scale. Results: A total of 148 students participated, predominantly aged 18 to 25 years (74.3%), identifying as white (52.7%), female (82.4%), and heterosexual (77.7%). Of the 117 students (79.1%) who were sexually active, 53 (45.3%) reported using condoms and 51 (43.6%) used pills or injections. High scores in condom use self-efficacy were observed. Significant differences were noted in the Skill, Assertiveness, and total score dimensions of the scale between sexually active and inactive students. Conclusion: The students demonstrated satisfactory knowledge regarding the self-efficacy of condom use, despite low adherence rates. This underscores the importance of educational strategies focused on effective and consistent condom use practices for the prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections. (AU)
Objetivo: Verificar la autoeficacia en el uso del preservativo entre estudiantes de enfermería de una Universidad Pública Federal del interior de Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con estudiantes de grado en enfermería. Se utilizó un instrumento sociodemográfico y la Escala de Autoeficacia en el Uso de Preservativos. Resultados: Participaron 148 estudiantes, predominando en el rango de edad de 18 a 25 años (74,3%), de raza blanca (52,7%), género femenino (82,4%) y heterosexuales (77,7%). De los 117 (79,1%) con vida sexual activa, 53 (45,3%) usan preservativo y 51 (43,6%) usan píldora o inyección. Se observó un alto puntaje en la autoeficacia en el uso de preservativos. Hubo diferencias significativas en las dimensiones Habilidad, Asertividad y puntuación total de la escala entre los que tienen y no tienen vida sexual activa. Conclusión: Los estudiantes mostraron tener un conocimiento satisfactorio sobre la autoeficacia del uso de preservativos, apesar de la baja adhesión. Esto resalta la importancia de estrategias educativas enfocadas en la práctica efectiva y consistente del uso de preservativos para la prevención de Infecciones Sexualmente Transmisibles. (AU)
Assuntos
Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Autoeficácia , Planejamento Familiar , Minorias Sexuais e de GêneroRESUMO
Background: Despite high rates of HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Lima, Peru, limited data exist on the sexual network characteristics or risk factors for secondary HIV transmission among MSM with uncontrolled HIV infection. We report the frequency of serodiscordant, condomless anal intercourse (CAI) and associated sexual network characteristics among MSM in Lima with detectable HIV viremia and compare to those with undetectable viremia. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis includes MSM who tested positive for HIV-1 during screening for a trial of partner management and STI control (June 2022-January 2023). Participants were tested for HIV, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, and syphilis, and completed questionnaires on their demographic characteristics, sexual identity and behaviour, sexual network structures and engagement in HIV care. Findings: Of 665 MSM, 153 (23%) had detectable (>200 copies/mL) viremia. 75% (499/662) of men living with HIV were previously diagnosed, with 94% (n = 469/499) reporting that they were on ART, and 93% (n = 436/469) virally suppressed. 96% (n = 147/153) of men with detectable viremia reported serodiscordant CAI with at least one of their last three sexual partners, and 74% (n = 106/144) reported the same with all three of their recent partners. In contrast, 62% (n = 302/489) of men with undetectable viral load reported serodiscordant CAI with all of their last three partners (p < 0.01). Interpretation: 23% of men living with HIV in Peru had detectable viremia, of whom almost all (96%) reported recent serodiscordant CAI. The primary gap in the HIV care cascade lies in awareness of HIV serostatus, suggesting that improved access to HIV testing could be a key prevention strategy in Peru. Funding: Funding for this study was provided by NIH/NIMH grants R01 MH118973 (PI: Clark) and R25 MH087222 (PI: Clark).
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmitted by biological, socioeconomic and cultural factors that increase the vulnerability of certain population groups such as civil construction workers. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of workers in the construction industry about infection by HIV and associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted, including 381 construction workers, in the cities of João Pessoa, Cabedelo, and Santa Rita, in the State of Paraíba, Brazil, performed through interviews, using a data collection instrument with social demographic variables and the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive measures, and for comparison between the categories the Kruskal-Wallis test was used, with margin of error of 5%. RESULTS: A predominance of male workers was observed (97.4%) among 381 workers; aged 30-39 (34.1%); married (81.4%); with up to eight years of education (66.6%); family income of up to 2x the minimum wage (52.8%) and coming from the country (43.8%). The average of correct responses was 63.3%, with higher indices (70.0%) related to transmission and forms of prevention. There were higher percentages of hits among those who had studied for 12 years or more. Workers from the capital of Paraíba presented a higher number of correct responses (67.44%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a low index of knowledge of construction workers about HIV, highlighting their consequent vulnerability to acquiring this infection.