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Introdução: A população LGBT constitui um grupo cujo acesso à saúde é historicamente limitado e ainda hoje é atravessado por questões complexas que envolvem desde a formação dos profissionais de saúde à própria estrutura organizacional do sistema assistencial. Apesar disso, a literatura científica acerca dos entraves que estes indivíduos enfrentam na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), porta de entrada e coordenadora do cuidado, é particularmente escassa. Objetivo: Caracterizar as barreiras envolvidas no acesso da população LGBTQIA+ à APS. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de estudos científicos selecionados nas plataformas de busca PubMed e Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), sendo utilizados como descritores de busca os termos Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero, LGBTQIA+, APS e Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde. Foram incluídos artigos completos sem restrição de período nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Foram excluídos textos do tipo: revisão bibliográfica; editorial; protocolos de estudo; opinião de especialistas e relato de experiência. Resultados: Foram selecionados 14 artigos, sendo seus conteúdos atribuídos a três eixos de discussão: barreiras físicas/organizacionais, barreiras sociais e barreiras relacionadas à educação/formação dos profissionais da saúde. Conclusões: É essencial expandir as discussões sociais acerca da temática de diversidade sexual e de gênero de modo a desconstruir os preconceitos instituídos; ademais, faz-se fundamental a revisão da estrutura física e organizacional ­ bem como da formação dos profissionais da saúde ­ para criar um ambiente assistencial inclusivo na atenção básica à população LGBTQIA+.

Introduction: The LGBT population is a group whose access to health care has historically been limited and is still crossed by complex issues ranging from the training of health professionals to the very organisational structure of the care system. Despite this, the scientific literature on the obstacles faced by these individuals in Primary Health Care, the gateway and coordinator of care, is particularly scarce. Objective: To characterize the barriers involved in the access of the LGBTQIA+ population to primary care. Methods: This is an integrative review of scientific studies selected from the PubMed and Virtual Health Library (VHL) Regional Portal search platforms, using as search descriptors the terms Sexual and Gender Minorities, LGBTQIA+, Primary Health Care, Health Services Accessibility. Complete articles were included without time restriction, in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Texts such as: literature reviews; editorials; study protocols; expert opinions and experience reports were excluded. Results: The review was composed by the selection of 14 studies, and their contents were assigned to three axes of discussion: physical/organizational barriers, social barriers, barriers related to education/training of health professionals. Conclusions: It is essential to expand the social discussions about the theme of sexual and gender diversity to deconstruct the established prejudices, moreover, it is essential to review the physical and organizational structure ­ as well as the training of health professionals ­ to create an inclusive care environment.

Introducción: La población LGTB es un colectivo cuyo acceso a la atención sanitaria ha estado históricamente limitado y sigue atravesado por complejas cuestiones que van desde la formación de los profesionales sanitarios hasta la propia estructura organizativa del sistema asistencial. A pesar de ello, la literatura científica sobre los obstáculos a los que se enfrentan estas personas en la Atención Primaria de Salud, puerta de entrada y coordinadora de la atención, es especialmente escasa. Objetivo: Caracterizar las barreras que supone el acceso de la población LGBT a la atención primaria. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora de estudios científicos seleccionados de las plataformas de búsqueda PubMed y Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (BVS), utilizando como descriptores de búsqueda los términos Minorías Sexuales y de Género, LGBT, Atención Primaria de Salud, Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud. Se incluyeron artículos completos sin restriccíon de período, en inglés, portugués y español. Se excluyeron textos como revisiones bibliográficas, editoriales, protocolos de estudio, opiniones de expertos e informes de experiencias. Resultados: El corpus final de artículos se compuso de la selección de 14 artículos, y sus contenidos se asignaron a tres ejes de discusión: barreras físicas/organizativas, barreras sociales, barreras relacionadas con la educación/formación de los profesionales sanitarios. Conclusiones: Es esencial ampliar las discusiones sociales sobre el tema de la diversidad sexual y de género de manera que se deconstruyan los prejuicios institucionales, además, se hace fundamental la revisión de la estructura física y organizacional ­ así como la formación de los profesionales de la salud ­ para crear un ambiente asistencial inclusivo.

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BACKGROUND: Limited data exist on psoriatic arthritis (PsA) treatment in lower-income regions, particularly from the patient perspective. This study explores the challenges faced by socioeconomically vulnerable PsA patients and the reasons for non-adherence to treatment guidelines. The main objective of the study is to develop a questionnaire to identify the primary challenges in PsA treatment adherence and to analyze its feasibility while simultaneously understanding the target population's unique characteristics. METHODS: We included PsA patients meeting the Classification Criteria for PsA (CASPAR), excluding those with other overlapping inflammatory diseases. The study, supported by two patient-research partners, began with focus groups to identify treatment challenges, leading to the creation of a 26-item questionnaire. Its reliability was verified using the test-retest method, targeting a percent agreement ≥ 0.8. Then, PsA patients at a rheumatology clinic completed the final survey. RESULTS: The study involved 69 PsA patients. The final questionnaire contained 26-questions across five-domains, with a 92.2% agreement rate and an average completion time of 8.3 minutes. Diagnostic delays exceeded a year for 59% of patients and more than two years for 33%. Daily life disruptions affected 43.2% of patients, with 35.3% taking sick leave or retiring. Around 25% waited over 8 weeks for drug approval, and 17.6% required legal intervention to access medication. Drug dispensation issues impacted about 60% of patients. Furthermore, 66.7% lived far from their rheumatologist, with 49% traveling over an hour for appointments. Approximately 30% were unaware of the risks of methotrexatein relation to alcohol consumption and pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire was feasible and reliable, with its results underscoring patient-centric challenges in PsA management, particularly concerning diagnostic delays and medication access, as well as daily life disruptions and misinformation. These findings emphasize the urgency for healthcare reforms aimed at improving diagnosis efficiency, patient education, and streamlined medication access, emphasizing the need for tailored initiatives to improve the healthcare experience for PsA patients.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to map how oral health is addressed within the universal health coverage (UHC). METHODS: This scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Searches included the WHO Library and PubMed, Scopus, Embase, LILACS, and Cochrane databases. Quantitative and qualitative studies were included without publication date and language restrictions. RESULTS: A total of 486 studies were retrieved, of which 292 were excluded in the title and abstract screening phase; 121 full-texts were assessed. After the removal of duplicates and unavailable documents, 50 studies were included in the review and categorized according to the level of scientific evidence. CONCLUSION: Few studies discussed oral health within the UHC, mostly because this coverage does not include oral health adequately. When offered, oral health packages are limited and include specific populations. Access and use of oral health services remain guided by economic factors, exposing the theoretical financial protectionism that perpetuates health inequalities.

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AIM: To evaluate the methodological quality of studies that analysed the relationship between accessibility to emergency services and infant mortality. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis, registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) platform under code CRD42021279854. Medline/Pubmed, Embase, SciElo, Lilacs, Scopus and web of science electronic databases were searched between November 2021 and May 2024, without language or publication time restriction. We included observational studies that compared the infant mortality outcome with the different distances travelled or travel time to health services in a paediatric emergency. Thus, we excluded studies with primary outcomes present in the pre- and perinatal periods, as well as distances or travel time to obstetric emergency units. We used the grade to assess the methodological quality of the studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the risk of bias, in addition to performing a meta-analysis. RESULTS: The evidence quality on infant mortality was moderate for four studies and low for three studies. The meta-analysis showed that children who travelled more than 5 km to the emergency service had a 28% increase in the chance of dying (P = 0.002), as well as those travelling for more than 40 min increased by 45% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was a relationship between the increase in geographic accessibility distance and travel time with the increase in infant mortality. However, the studies still showed moderate to low methodological quality.

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Objectives: To (i) ascertain stakeholders' perceptions of the contextual factors and resources necessary to successfully implement the AMORE platform, a tool that provides accessibility assessments for health care services, considering factors such travel time and traffic conditions, and (ii) identify potential barriers to and facilitators for enhancing spatial accessibility to health care services within the Colombian urban context. Methods: In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of seven key stakeholders. The sample was drawn from individuals involved in development of policies in Colombia, service providers, and users, among others, who had expertise in the field. Interviews were conducted until saturation was reached. Results: The participants had positive views on the appearance of the AMORE platform, highlighting its user-friendly visualization. Suggestions were made about the variables used in the dashboard, the implementation of the platform, potential usage areas, and barriers and facilitators to implementation and use. Barriers included economic, political, and personnel challenges, while facilitators included creating a minimum viable product at a low cost and building interinstitutional and international cooperation. Conclusions: Innovations such as the AMORE platform have the potential to support decision-making processes across various sectors, including public policies and internal processes within private organizations, academia, and the community. However, implementing such a tool has financial, contextual and environmental challenges. The study identified key factors that were considered prerequisites for successfully implementing the AMORE platform in Colombian cities.

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Introducción: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha afectado significativamente la calidad de los servicios de cuidado de la salud. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos en los atributos de la calidad en salud de los servicios de atención de enfermedades diferentes a la COVID-19 en Colombia, durante el periodo 2020-2022. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron 24 artículos de alcance nacional y otros específicos de departamentos como Antioquia, Córdoba, Santander y Cundinamarca. Resultados: La pandemia por COVID-19 impactó la calidad de los servicios en la atención de enfermedades como cáncer, accidentes cerebrovasculares y de eventos como la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo. Conclusión: La calidad de la salud se vio afectada en todas sus dimensiones durante las fases de la pandemia, especialmente en la población con enfermedades crónicas y relacionadas con la salud infantil y materna. Además, se destacaron respuestas como el uso de la telemedicina y de la atención domiciliaria para contribuir a la calidad de la salud en Colombia.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the quality of health care services. Objective: To analyze the effects of COVID-19 on the quality of health care services focused on treating diseases other than COVID-19 in Colombia during the 2020-2022 period. Materials and methods: 24 articles were analyzed, which included some studies focused on national issues and others specific to the departments of Antioquia, Cordoba, Santander, and Cundinamarca. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of health services caring for diseases such as cancer, strokes, and critical circumstances like voluntary termination of pregnancy. Conclusion: All dimensions of health care were affected during the pandemic, especially impacting populations with chronic diseases and diseases related to child and maternal health. It is important to highlight that telemedicine and home care contributed to improving the quality of health in Colombia.

Introdução: A pandemia de COVID-19 afetou significativamente a qualidade dos serviços de saúde. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da COVID-19 nos atributos de qualidade em saúde dos serviços de atenção a outras doenças além da COVID-19 na Colômbia, durante o período 2020-2022. Materiais e métodos: foram analisados 24 artigos de âmbito nacional e outros específicos de departamentos como Antioquia, Córdoba, Santander e Cundinamarca. Resultados: A pandemia da COVID-19 impactou a qualidade dos serviços no cuidado de doenças como câncer, acidente vascular cerebral e eventos como a interrupção voluntária da gravidez. Conclusão: A qualidade da saúde foi afetada em todas as suas dimensões durante as fases da pandemia, especialmente na população com doenças crônicas e doenças relacionadas à saúde infantil e materna. Além disso, foram destacadas respostas como o uso da telemedicina e do atendimento domiciliar para contribuir para a qualidade da saúde na Colômbia.

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OBJECTIVES: Identifying key barriers to accessing quality-assured and affordable antimicrobials among forcibly displaced persons in Uganda, Yemen and Colombia and investigating their (1) utilisation patterns of antibiotics, (2) knowledge about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and (3) perception of the quality of antimicrobials received. DESIGN: Pilot cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Data were collected from five health facilities in the Kiryandongo refugee settlement (Bweyale, Uganda), three camps for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the Dar Sad district (Aden, Yemen) and a district with a high population of Venezuelan migrants (Kennedy district, Bogotá, Colombia). Data collection took place between February and May 2021. The three countries were selected due to their high number of displaced people in their respective continents. PARTICIPANTS: South Sudanese refugees in Uganda, IDPs in Yemen and Venezuelan migrants in Colombia. OUTCOME MEASURE: The most common barriers to access to quality-assured and affordable antimicrobials. RESULTS: A total of 136 participants were enrolled in this study. Obtaining antimicrobials through informal pathways, either without a doctor's prescription or through family and friends, was common in Yemen (27/50, 54.0%) and Colombia (34/50, 68.0%). In Yemen and Uganda, respondents used antibiotics to treat (58/86, 67.4%) and prevent (39/86, 45.3%) a cold. Knowledge of AMR was generally low (24/136, 17.6%). Barriers to access included financial constraints in Colombia and Uganda, prescription requirements in Yemen and Colombia, and non-availability of drugs in Uganda and Yemen. CONCLUSION: Our multicentred research identified common barriers to accessing quality antimicrobials among refugees/IDPs/migrants and common use of informal pathways. The results suggest that knowledge gaps about AMR may lead to potential misuse of antimicrobials. Due to the study's small sample size and use of non-probability sampling, the results should be interpreted with caution, and larger-scale assessments on this topic are needed. Future interventions designed for similar humanitarian settings should consider the interlinked barriers identified.

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Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate dropout rates and discern potential factors contributing to the discontinuation of treatment provided to transgender individuals by the Transdisciplinary Gender Identity Program at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (PROTIG). Methodology: This study employs a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective design to analyze socio-demographic and clinical data obtained from medical records of patients treated at PROTIG between 2000 and 2018. A structured form, devised by PROTIG's professional team, was utilized to extract and evaluate several variables including: age, gender, education level, diagnosis of F64 according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10: Version: 2010), clinical comorbidities (coded by ICD-10), laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, distance between patients' residence and the hospital, and year of entry into PROTIG. The patient cohort was stratified into two categories based on their duration of attendance: dropout (defined as attendance for up to 365 days) and non-dropout (attendance exceeding 365 days). Categorical variables between dropout and non-dropout groups were compared using Pearson's chi-square test. Additionally, Poisson regression analysis was utilized, employing a 95% confidence interval (CI) and setting the significance level at 0.05. Results: The study included a total of 888 patients accessing PROTIG, with 275 (31%) classified in the dropout group. Of the patient population, 65.5% (n = 582) self-identified as transgender women, while 34.5% (n = 306) identified as transgender men. Significant differences were noted between the dropout and non-dropout groups. Specifically, differences were noted among transgender women (p < 0.001), individuals with lower levels of education (p < 0.001), those with fewer diagnoses classified under ICD-10 as F64 (p < 0.001), individuals exhibiting fewer clinical comorbidities recorded in ICD-10 (p < 0.001), and those who commenced inclusion in PROTIG after 2010 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There exists a notable rate of treatment discontinuation among individuals receiving care at PROTIG, with statistically significant variances observed between groups. We posit potential rationales for this discontinuation, informed by care experiences and feedback from group attendees: Increased accessibility to outpatient services in our jurisdiction for Transgender Care, along with heightened societal awareness of gender identity fostering diverse gender expression avenues devoid of reliance on gender-affirming surgical interventions.

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BACKGROUND: The high treatment cost of oral diseases is a barrier for accessing oral health services (OHS), particularly in low-income countries. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of health insurance on the use of OHS in the Peruvian population from 2015 to 2019. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study of secondary data using the National Household Survey (ENAHO) 2015-2019 panel databases, which collected information from the same participants during each of the five years. The dependent variable was the use of OHS in the three months prior to the survey (yes/no). The independent variable was health insurance affiliation (four years or less/all five years). Both were measured by survey questions. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) associated with use of OHS. RESULTS: We included 4064 individuals distributed in 1847 households, who responded to the survey during each of the five years. The adjusted GEE model showed that those who had health insurance during all five years without interruption were more likely to attend OHS than those who had insurance for four years or less (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.13-1.50). In addition, we carried out a sensitivity analysis by recategorizing the independent variable into three categories (never/some years/ all five years), which also showed (aRR: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.11-1.89) that participants with health insurance during all five years were more likely to have used OHS than those who never had insurance. CONCLUSION: Therefore, in the Peruvian context, health insurance affiliation was associated with greater use of OHS. The panel data used derives from a subsample of consecutive nationally representative samples, which may have led to a loss of representativeness. Furthermore, the data was collected between 2015 and 2019, prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and insurance conditions may have changed.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to conduct a detailed geospatial analysis of mobile phone signal coverage in the northwest macro-region of Paraná State, Brazil, seeking to identify areas where limitations in coverage may be related to lengthy travel times of the helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) for the assistance of victims of road traffic injuries (RTIs). METHODS: An observational study was conducted to examine mobile phone signal coverage and HEMS travel times from 2017 to 2021. HEMS travel times were categorized into four groups: T1 (0-15 min), T2 (16-30 min), T3 (31-45 min), and T4 (over 45 min). Empirical Bayesian Kriging was used to map areas with low mobile signal coverage. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner comparative analyses were performed to explore how mobile signal coverage relates to HEMS travel times to RTI locations. RESULTS: There were 470 occurrences of RTIs attended by HEMS, of which 108 (23%) resulted in on-site fatalities. Among these deaths, 47 (26.85%) occurred in areas with low mobile phone signal coverage ("shadow areas"). Low mobile phone signal coverage identified at 175 (37.24%) RTIs locations, was unevenly distributed across the macro-region. The lowest medians of mobile signal quality were predominantly found in areas with HEMS travel times exceeding 30 min, corresponding to signal strength values of -98.44 (T3) and -100.75 (T4) dBm. This scenario represents a challenge for effective communication to activate HEMS. In the multiple comparison analysis among travel time groups, significant differences were observed between T1 and T2 (p < 0.001), T1 and T3 (p < 0.001), T1 and T4 (p < 0.001), and T2 and T3 (p < 0.001), indicating a potential association between lower mobile phone signal coverage and longer HEMS travel times. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that poor mobile phone signals in remote areas can hinder HEMS activation, potentially delaying the start of treatment for RTIs. Identification of the shadow areas can help communication and health managers in designing and implementing the necessary changes to improve mobile phone signal coverage and consequently reduce delays in the initial response to RTIs.

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Background: During the pandemic, epidemiological communications reported an estimation of excess deaths. However, the final calculation requires a detailed analysis. The study aim was to ascertain the number and distribution of COVID-19 fatalities among various socio-economic strata in a large, moderate to low-income city. Study design: Observational time series analysis in a large city, treated as a natural experiment. Methods: Analysis of death certificates, demographic data, and health system records of positive RT-PCR COVID-19 tests from 2015 to 2021, categorizing by age, sex, and place of residence. The study measured the pandemic's impact on mortality, including COVID and non-COVID deaths, using corrected Poisson regression models for different demographics and assessing socio-economic status impact via ecological community-level analysis. Results: Compared to the pre-pandemic period (2015-2019, IRR = 1.00), the sex- and age-adjusted rate of all-cause death increased significantly during the pandemic (2020-2021) IRR = 1.109 [1.054-1.167], p < 0.0001. This was observed in both males (IRR = 1.158 [1.1-1.219], p < 0.0001) and females (IRR = 1.068 [1.016-1.124], p = 0.01). There was no observed effect of the pandemic on the historical trend in the progressive reduction of mortality in people under 35 years of age. The increase in deaths was at the expense of COVID (+11,175 deaths) and cardiovascular causes (IRR = 1.114 [1.020-1.217] p = 0.017). During the pandemic, there was a significant increase in deaths at home (IRR = 1.219 [1197-1.242], p < 0.0001), especially in people dying of cardiovascular causes (IRR = 1.391 [1.360-1.422], p < 0.0001). The increase in the adjusted mortality rate during the pandemic was socially conditioned. Conclusions: The pandemic not only led to increased COVID-19 mortality but also heightened fatalities from non-COVID causes, reflecting a potential bias in healthcare resource allocation towards SARS-CoV-2 at the expense of chronic pathologies care.

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BACKGROUND: Until the legalisation of abortion in Argentina in 2021, the Socorristas en Red, a network of feminist collectives, provided support and information ('accompaniment') to people self-managing their abortion with medications. Following legalisation, the Socorristas continued accompanying people self-managing or accessing abortion through the healthcare system. We conducted a cross-sectional study to understand preferences, experiences and choices about abortion when contacting a Socorristas hotline after legalisation of abortion in Argentina. METHODS: We surveyed callers to the Socorristas' hotline in Neuquén, Argentina about their demographics, pregnancy history, reasons for calling, and experiences seeking abortion through the hotline and the healthcare system. We assessed overall prevalence of these experiences, and analysed differences between people who contacted the health system before calling the hotline and those who first called the hotline for services. RESULTS: Of the 755 callers in the study, the majority (63.3%) contacted the Socorristas because they trusted them, and 21.7% called because they both trusted the Socorristas and did not want to go to the healthcare system. At the end of the call, most people (95.4%) chose to self-manage their abortion with accompaniment outside the healthcare system. People who called the healthcare system prior to contacting the hotline frequently reported being referred to the Socorristas, as well as challenges scheduling appointments. CONCLUSIONS: After legalisation of abortion in Argentina there is continued demand for accompaniment. Globally, ensuring that accompaniment and self-management of abortion is legal and protected will provide individuals with the support and facilitated access to the abortion care they desire.

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OBJECTIVES: Due to the increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases and the Colombian demographic transition, the necessity of palliative care has arisen. This study used accessibility and coverage indicators to measure the geographic barriers to palliative care. METHODS: Population-based observational study focused on urban areas and adult population from Colombia, which uses three measurements of geographic accessibility to services: a) density of palliative care services per 100,000 inhabitants, b) analysis of geographic distribution by territorial nodes of the country, and c) spatial analysis of palliative care services using Voronoi diagrams. ArcGIS Pro software was used to map services' locations and identify geographic disparities. RESULTS: A total of 504 palliative care services were identified, of which 77% were primary health care services. The density of palliative care services in Colombia is 1.8 primary care services per 100,000 inhabitants and 0.4 specialized services per 100,000 inhabitants. The average palliative care coverage is 41%, two regions of the country have a coverage below 30%. Twenty-eight percent of the services provide care for a population greater than 50,000 inhabitants within their coverage area, exceeding the acceptable limit by international standards. CONCLUSIONS: Palliative care services are concentrated in three main regions (Bogotá D.C., the Center, and the Caribbean) and are limited in the Orinoquia and Amazonia nodes. Density of specialized palliative care services is extremely low and there are regions without palliative services for adults with palliative needs.

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Introdução: A perda auditiva é uma deficiência comum na população mundial e contribui para dificuldade na comunicação verbal e redução da qualidade de vida, evidenciando a importância da identificação precoce, reabilitação e acompanhamento audiológico dessa deficiência para mitigar suas consequências. Durante a pandemia da COVID-19, as medidas restritivas diminuíram a capacidade de atendimento dos serviços de saúde auditiva e dificultaram a busca de auxílio para resolver problemas relacionados à adaptação aos dispositivos eletrônicos de amplificação sonora (DAES), sendo uma barreira no processo de reabilitação da perda auditiva. Objetivo: Caracterizar os usuários de DEAS e o processo inicial de reabilitação auditiva de adultos e idosos e verificar fatores associados ao retorno para a consulta de monitoramento auditivo durante o período inicial da pandemia da COVID-19.Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal com usuários adultos e idosos de um serviço ambulatorial de saúde auditiva com retorno para consulta de monitoramento auditivo agendada no período inicial da implementação das medidas restritivas da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes conseguiu retornou para a consulta de monitoramento auditivo, sendo eles em sua maioria idosos, do sexo feminino e vacinados contra a COVID-19. Houve maior prevalência de adaptação adequada aos DAES. Não houve associação estatística entre as variáveis relacionadas à adaptação aos DAES, COVID-19 e saúde mental e o retorno à consulta de monitoramento auditivo. Conclusão: Os fatores relacionados à adaptação aos DAES, à COVID-19 ou à saúde mental não influenciaram o retorno à consulta de monitoramento auditivo na presente pesquisa. (AU)

Introduction: Hearing loss is a common disability in the world population and contributes to difficulty in verbal communication and reduced quality of life, highlighting the importance of early identification, rehabilitation and audiological monitoring of this disability to mitigate its consequences. During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictive measures reduced the service capacity of hearing health services and made it difficult to seek help to solve problems related to adaptation to personal sound amplification products (PSAPs), being a barrier in the rehabilitation process of hearing loss. Aim: To characterize PSAPs users and the initial hearing rehabilitation process for adults and elderly people and verify the factors associated with the return to hearing monitoring consultations in the initial period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study with adults and elderly people: elderly users of an outpatient hearing health service who return for a scheduled hearing monitoring consultation in the initial period of the implementation of restrictive measures of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Results: Most participants were able to return to the hearing monitoring clinic, the majority of whom were elderly, female and vaccinated against COVID-19. There was a higher prevalence of adequate adaptation to the PSAPs. There was no statistical association between variables related to adaptation to PSAPs, COVID-19 and mental health and return to hearing monitoring consultation. Conclusion: Factors related to adaptation to PSAPs, COVID-19 or mental health did not influence the return to hearing monitoring consultation in the present investigation. (AU)

Introducción: La pérdida auditiva es una discapacidad común en la población mundial y contribuye a la dificultad en la comunicación verbal y a la reducción de la calidad de vida, destacando la importancia de la identificación temprana, rehabilitación y seguimiento audiológico de esta discapacidad para mitigar sus consecuencias. Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, las medidas restrictivas redujeron la capacidad de atención de los servicios de salud auditiva y dificultaron la búsqueda de ayuda para resolver problemas relacionados con la adaptación a dispositivos electrónicos de amplificación del sonido (DEAS), siendo una barrera en el proceso de rehabilitación de la pérdida auditiva. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los usuarios de DEAS y el proceso inicial de rehabilitación auditiva de adultos y ancianos y verificar los factores asociados al retorno a las consultas de monitorización auditiva en el período inicial de la pandemia COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal con adultos y ancianos: ancianos usuarios de un servicio ambulatorio de salud auditiva que regresan para consulta de monitorización auditiva programada en el período inicial de la implementación de medidas restrictivas de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Brasil. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes pudieron regresar a la clínica de monitorización auditiva, la mayoría de los cuales eran ancianos, mujeres y estaban vacunados contra COVID-19. Hubo mayor prevalencia de adaptación adecuada a la DEAS. No hubo asociación estadística entre variables relacionadas con adaptación a DEAS, COVID-19 y salud mental y retorno a consulta de monitorización auditiva. Conclusión: Los factores relacionados con la adaptación a DEAS, el COVID-19 o la salud mental no influyeron en el retorno a la consulta de monitorización auditiva en la presente investigación. (AU)

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Resumen Introducción : Hay escasa evidencia sobre el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el cumplimiento del tratamiento de cáncer cervicouterino. Métodos : Se llevó a cabo un estudio poblacional de cohorte retrospectivo. -antes/después- de las pacientes con cáncer cervicouterino diagnosticadas en estable cimientos públicos de la provincia de Jujuy (n = 140), entre 2017 y 2020. Las pacientes diagnosticadas en 2020 se consideraron expuestas a la pandemia (n = 21). Utili zamos la regresión logística multivariada para analizar la asociación entre pandemia y cumplimiento del tra tamiento de cáncer. Además, se midió la duración del tratamiento en aquellas con indicación de braquiterapia y el tiempo hasta el inicio al tratamiento según estadio. Resultados : Comparadas con las mujeres diagnosti cadas en 2017-2019 el odds ratio de incumplimiento del tratamiento fue de 1.77 (IC95% 0.59-5.81; p = 0.32) para las diagnosticadas durante 2020. Se encontró un mayor riesgo de incumplimiento en pacientes con indicación de braquiterapia (OR 4.14; IC 95%:1.95-9.11; p < 0.001). La mediana de duración del tratamiento para aquellas con indicación de braquiterapia fue de 12.8 y 15.7 sema nas en 2017-2019 y 2020 respectivamente (p = 0.33). La mediana de tiempo hasta el inicio del tratamiento para pacientes con enfermedad en estadio temprano fue de 9 y 5 semanas durante 2017-2019 y 2020 respectivamente (p = 0.06), versus una mediana de 7.2 y 9 semanas en 2017-2019 y 2020 respectivamente (p=0.36) para las pa cientes con enfermedad en estadio IIB+. Conclusiones : El bajo acceso a la braquiterapia fue un factor determinante de incumplimiento de tratamiento de cáncer cervicouterino, independientemente del efecto de la pandemia.

Abstract Introduction : Little evidence exists on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemics on the compliance with cervi cal cancer treatment. Methods : We carried out a population-based, be fore-and-after retrospective cohort study of all cervical cancer patients diagnosed in the Jujuy province public health sector (n=140), Argentina, between 2017 and 2020. Patients diagnosed in 2020 were considered exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic (n=21). We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the relationship between the pandemics and compliance with treatment. We also measured treatment duration for women who were indicated brachytherapy and time to treatment initia tion by stage. Results : Compared with women diagnosed in 2017- 2019 the odds ratio of non-complying with treatment was 1.77 (95%CI 0.59-5.81; p = 0.32) for women diagnosed during 2020. An increased risk of non-compliance was found in patients with prescribed brachytherapy (OR 4.14. 95%CI 1.95-9.11; p < 0.001). Median treatment dura tion for women with prescribed brachytherapy was 12.8 and 15.7 weeks in 2017-2019 vs. 2020 (p = 0.33); median time to treatment initiation for women with early-stage disease was 9 and 5 weeks during 2017-2019 and 2020 respectively (p = 0.06), vs 7.2 and 9 weeks in 2017-2019 and 2020 respectively (p = 0.36) for patients with stages IIB+ disease. Conclusions : Low access to brachytherapy was a major determinant of non-compliance. irrespective of the effect of the pandemics.

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RESUMO Os estudos sobre itinerários terapêuticos revelam modelos de cuidado e decisões tomadas pelas pessoas em situações de adoecimento e podem contribuir para o planejamento de políticas e serviços de saúde mais efetivos, especialmente em emergências como a pandemia de covid-19. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever os itinerários terapêuticos de pacientes hospitalizados por covid-19 em um hospital público do Distrito Federal e explorar associações com determinantes sociais da saúde. Trata-se de um estudo de caso integrado, com triangulação de evidências quantitativas e qualitativas obtidas a partir da análise do banco de dados de um estudo observacional transversal com 233 adultos internados entre maio/2020 e dezembro/2021. A maioria homens, idosos, pretos ou pardos, com baixo nível de renda e escolaridade e múltiplas comorbidades, que procuraram atendimento na atenção especializada e conseguiram acesso rápido ao sistema de saúde. Os fatores que influenciaram a escolha do primeiro serviço foram: ocupação, região de moradia, classe econômica e escolaridade. Já os determinantes da facilidade de acesso foram: tipo de serviço buscado primeiro, gravidade do caso e contexto socioeconômico. Os resultados confirmam a influência de determinantes sociais nas experiências de adoecimento e podem subsidiar reflexões relacionadas à organização do acesso ao SUS em emergências sanitárias.

ABSTRACT Studies on therapeutic itineraries reveal models of care and decisions taken by people in situations of illness and can contribute to the planning of effective health policies and services, especially in emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this research was to describe the itineraries of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a public hospital in the Federal District and explore associations with social determinants of health. This is an integrated case study, with triangulation of quantitative and qualitative evidence obtained from the analysis of raw data from a cross-sectional observational study with 233 adults hospitalized between May/2020 and December/2021. The majority were men, elderly, black or brown, with low income and education levels and multiple comorbidities, who sought care in specialized care and obtained quick access to the health system. The factors that influenced the choice of the first service sought were: occupation, region of residence, economic class and education. The determinants of ease of access were: type of service first sought, severity of the case and socioeconomic context. The results confirm the influence of social determinants on illness experiences and can support reflections related to the organization of access to the SUS in health emergencies.

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Objetivo: descrever fatores identificados pelos enfermeiros como desafios e potências no cuidado de enfermagem à pessoa com ferida na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado de setembro a novembro de 2022, no Distrito Sanitário Centro de Florianópolis. Utilizou-se para a coleta de dados um questionário on-line, cujos resultados foram analisados com base na análise temática do conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: o estudo contou com a participação de 29 enfermeiros, dos quais28 (97%) relataram enfrentar desafios, assim como identificaram potências no cotidiano de cuidado à pessoa com ferida. Com base na análise dos dados, emergiram três categorias: "Categoria 1 ­ Desafios e potências relacionadas ao processo de trabalho do enfermeiro"; "Categoria 2 ­ Desafios e potências relacionadas à pessoa com ferida"; e "Categoria 3 ­ Desafios e potências relacionados à infraestrutura e recursos tecnológicos e materiais disponíveis". Conclusão: Os fatores destacados pelos enfermeiros como potências e desafios estão relacionados ao trabalho do enfermeiro, ao indivíduo com ferida e à infraestrutura e recursos tecnológicos e materiais disponíveis. Conhecer esses fatores pode suscitar a implementação de ferramentas para superação dos desafios e promoção das potências, visando fomentar a qualidade dessa prática. (AU)

Objective: We aim to describe factors identified by nurses as challenges and strengths in nursing care for people with wounds in primary health care.Method: This is an exploratory, descriptive, qualitative study conducted from September to November 2022, in the Health District Center of the city of Florianópolis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. We used an online questionnaire for data collection, and the results were analyzed based on thematic content analysis according to Bardin. Results: A total of 29 nurses were included in the sample, of which 28 (97%) reported facing challenges as well as identifying strengths in the daily care of individuals with wounds. Based on data analysis, three categories emerged: "Category 1 ­ Challenges and strengths related to the nurse's work process"; "Category 2 ­ Challenges and strengths related to the individual with a wound"; and "Category 3 ­ Challenges and strengths related to available infrastructure, technological resources, and materials."Conclusions: The factors highlighted by nurses as strengths and challenges are related to nursing work focused on the person with a wound and to the available infrastructure, technological resources, and materials. Knowledge of these factors can lead to the implementation of tools to overcome challenges and promote strengths, with the aim of improving the quality of this practice. (AU)

Objetivo: Pretendemos describir los factores identificados por las enfermeras como desafíos y fortalezas en la atención de enfermería para personas con heridas en la atención primaria de salud.Método: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y cualitativo realizado de septiembre a noviembre de 2022, en el Distrito de Salud Centro de la ciudad de Florianópolis, estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Utilizamos un cuestionario en línea para la recopilación de datos, y los resultados fueron analizados según el análisis de contenido temático de Bardin. Resultados: Un total de 29 enfermeras fueron incluidas en la muestra, de las cuales 28 (97%) informaron enfrentar desafíos y también identificar fortalezas en la atención diaria de individuos con heridas. Basándonos en el análisis de datos, surgieron tres categorías: "Categoría 1 ­ Desafíos y fortalezas relacionados con el proceso de trabajo de la enfermera"; "Categoría 2 ­ Desafíos y fortalezas relacionados con el individuo con una herida"; y "Categoría 3 ­ Desafíos y fortalezas relacionados con la infraestructura disponible, recursos tecnológicos y materiales".Conclusiones: Los factores destacados por las enfermeras como fortalezas y desafíos están relacionados con el trabajo de enfermería centrado en la persona con una herida y con la infraestructura disponible, recursos tecnológicos y materiales. El conocimiento de estos factores puede llevar a la implementación de herramientas para superar desafíos y promover fortalezas, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de esta práctica. (AU)

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Objetivo: descrever fatores identificados pelos enfermeiros como desafios e potências no cuidado de enfermagem à pessoa com ferida na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado de setembro a novembro de 2022, no Distrito Sanitário Centro de Florianópolis. Utilizou-se para a coleta de dados um questionário on-line, cujos resultados foram analisados com base na análise temática do conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: o estudo contou com a participação de 29 enfermeiros, dos quais28 (97%) relataram enfrentar desafios, assim como identificaram potências no cotidiano de cuidado à pessoa com ferida. Com base na análise dos dados, emergiram três categorias: "Categoria 1 ­ Desafios e potências relacionadas ao processo de trabalho do enfermeiro"; "Categoria 2 ­ Desafios e potências relacionadas à pessoa com ferida"; e "Categoria 3 ­ Desafios e potências relacionados à infraestrutura e recursos tecnológicos e materiais disponíveis". Conclusão: Os fatores destacados pelos enfermeiros como potências e desafios estão relacionados ao trabalho do enfermeiro, ao indivíduo com ferida e à infraestrutura e recursos tecnológicos e materiais disponíveis. Conhecer esses fatores pode suscitar a implementação de ferramentas para superação dos desafios e promoção das potências, visando fomentar a qualidade dessa prática. (AU)

Objective: We aim to describe factors identified by nurses as challenges and strengths in nursing care for people with wounds in primary health care.Method: This is an exploratory, descriptive, qualitative study conducted from September to November 2022, in the Health District Center of the city of Florianópolis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. We used an online questionnaire for data collection, and the results were analyzed based on thematic content analysis according to Bardin. Results: A total of 29 nurses were included in the sample, of which 28 (97%) reported facing challenges as well as identifying strengths in the daily care of individuals with wounds. Based on data analysis, three categories emerged: "Category 1 ­ Challenges and strengths related to the nurse's work process"; "Category 2 ­ Challenges and strengths related to the individual with a wound"; and "Category 3 ­ Challenges and strengths related to available infrastructure, technological resources, and materials."Conclusions: The factors highlighted by nurses as strengths and challenges are related to nursing work focused on the person with a wound and to the available infrastructure, technological resources, and materials. Knowledge of these factors can lead to the implementation of tools to overcome challenges and promote strengths, with the aim of improving the quality of this practice. (AU)

Objetivo: Pretendemos describir los factores identificados por las enfermeras como desafíos y fortalezas en la atención de enfermería para personas con heridas en la atención primaria de salud.Método: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y cualitativo realizado de septiembre a noviembre de 2022, en el Distrito de Salud Centro de la ciudad de Florianópolis, estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Utilizamos un cuestionario en línea para la recopilación de datos, y los resultados fueron analizados según el análisis de contenido temático de Bardin. Resultados: Un total de 29 enfermeras fueron incluidas en la muestra, de las cuales 28 (97%) informaron enfrentar desafíos y también identificar fortalezas en la atención diaria de individuos con heridas. Basándonos en el análisis de datos, surgieron tres categorías: "Categoría 1 ­ Desafíos y fortalezas relacionados con el proceso de trabajo de la enfermera"; "Categoría 2 ­ Desafíos y fortalezas relacionados con el individuo con una herida"; y "Categoría 3 ­ Desafíos y fortalezas relacionados con la infraestructura disponible, recursos tecnológicos y materiales".Conclusiones: Los factores destacados por las enfermeras como fortalezas y desafíos están relacionados con el trabajo de enfermería centrado en la persona con una herida y con la infraestructura disponible, recursos tecnológicos y materiales. El conocimiento de estos factores puede llevar a la implementación de herramientas para superar desafíos y promover fortalezas, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de esta práctica. (AU)

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Background: Many cities with traffic congestion lack accessibility assessments accounting for traffic congestion and equity considerations but have disaggregated georeferenced municipal-level open data on health services, populations, and travel times big data. We convened a multistakeholder intersectoral collaborative group that developed a digital, web-based platform integrating open and big data to derive dynamic spatial-temporal accessibility measurements (DSTAM) for haemodialysis services. We worked with stakeholders and data scientists and considered people's places of residence, service locations, and travel time to the service with the shortest travel time. Additionally, we predicted the impacts of strategically introducing haemodialysis services where they optimise accessibility. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of DSTAM, accounting for traffic congestion, were conducted using a web-based platform. This platform integrated traffic analysis zones, public census and health services datasets, and Google Distance Matrix API travel-time data. Predictive and prescriptive analytics identified optimal locations for new haemodialysis services and estimated improvements. Primary outcomes included the percentage of residents within a 20-min car drive of a haemodialysis service during peak and free-flow traffic congestion. Secondary outcomes focused on optimal locations to maximise accessibility with new services and potential improvements. Findings were disaggregated by sociodemographic characteristics, providing an equity perspective. The study in Cali, Colombia, used geographic and disaggregated sociodemographic data from the adjusted 2018 Colombian census. Predicted travel times were obtained for two weeks in 2020. Findings: There were substantial traffic variations. Congestion reduced accessibility, especially among marginalised groups. For 6-12 July, free-flow and peak-traffic accessibility rates were 95.2% and 45.0%, respectively. For 23-29 November, free-flow and peak traffic accessibility rates were 89.1% and 69.7%. The locations where new services would optimise accessibility had slight variation and would notably enhance accessibility and health equity. Interpretation: Establishing haemodialysis services in targeted areas has significant potential benefits. By increasing accessibility, it would enhance urban health and equity. Funding: No external or institutional funding was received.

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This study sought to carry out a systematic and preliminary evaluation of the policies on access to public dental services for people with ASD in a Brazilian city. The study, conducted between November/2019 and February/2020, was developed through document analysis, the design of the theoretical logical model of the policies, and seven semi-structured interviews with key informants. The sample was intentionally selected. We also considered the answers to 108 questionnaires from a pilot study on the access of people with ASD to dental services applied to caregivers, dentists, and non-dental professionals. No refusals were recorded. The availability study showed that the policies' objectives were not being achieved in terms of care network organization: there were no institutional flows, personal contacts were used between professionals to guarantee access to secondary attention, there was no specific training for the dentists about ASD, and the oral health care network was unknown to non-dentist professionals and caregivers. Most people with ASD have visited the dentist at least once in their lives, but a large percentage of those within this study did not do so in the last year. This study identified difficulties in implementing policies and suggested possible strategies for overcoming them as dimensions and subdimensions for evaluation.

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