RESUMO
RESUMEN La transferencia de conocimiento, la capacidad de absorción y la innovación son factores clave para el éxito de las empresas. El propósito de este artículo es estudiar la relación teórica entre los conceptos: capacidad de absorción, transferencia de conocimiento e innovación en empresas de servicios, a través de una investigación bibliométrica, abordando 506 artículos científicos. Los resultados indican que existe una relación teórica positiva entre la Capacidad de absorción y la innovación, la transferencia de conocimiento y la innovación, así como entre la transferencia de conocimiento y la capacidad de absorción, cabe destacar el impacto que tienen estos conceptos y su relación para la gestión empresarial, y su importancia para fortalecer la competitividad e innovación, especialmente en los procesos de las organizaciones de servicios.
AВSTRАСT Knowledge transfer absorption capacity and innovation are key factors for the success of companies. The purpose of this article is to study the theoretical relationship between the concepts: of absorption capacity knowledge transfer and innovation in service companies, through bibliometric research addressing 506 scientific articles. The results indicate that there is a positive theoretical relationship between absorption capacity and innovation, knowledge transfer and innovation as well as between knowledge transfer and absorption capacity, it is worth highlighting the impact of these concepts and their relationship with business management, and their importance to strengthen competitiveness and innovation, especially in the processes of service organizations.
RESUMO A transferência de conhecimento, a capacidade de absorção e a inovação são fatores-chave para o sucesso das empresas. O objetivo deste artigo é estudar a relação teórica entre os conceitos: capacidade absortiva, transferência de conhecimento e inovação em empresas de serviços, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliométrica, abordando 506 artigos científicos. Os resultados indicam que existe uma relação teórica positiva entre capacidade absortiva e inovação, transferência de conhecimento e inovação, bem como entre transferência de conhecimento e capacidade absortiva, destacando o impacto desses conceitos e sua relação para a gestão empresarial e sua importância para o fortalecimento da competitividade e da inovação, especialmente nos processos das organizações de serviços.
RESUMO
The water-safety plan (WSP) approach integrates risk assessment and management practices into a drinking-water supply system (DWSS), ensuring water quality from the catchment to the consumer. This research was oriented toward the development and implementation of a WSP in the DWSS for the city of Santiago de Cali, Colombia. We adapted the methodological stages of the WSP established by the World Health Organization: (i.) assemble a WSP team, (ii.) describe the existing DWSS, (iii.) identify hazards and hazardous events, (iv.) evaluate risks, and (v.) plan risk management. In this methodological structure, we propose the use of different risk assessment tools at each step of DWSS, which can be implemented in water systems of different sizes. The results of our study allowed the identification of hazardous events that may compromise the effectiveness of the WSP: Of the 103 events found, 16 were related to the catchment, 40 to treatment processes, 27 to the distribution system, and 9 to consumers, while the remaining 11 were associated with organizational, planning, contingency, and emergency factors. We found that the most critical components of the DWSS are the distribution system and the consumers, with 29.6% and 33.3% of the hazardous events classified as at a very high risk level, respectively. Clearly, improvement and support programs for the WSP were needed to optimize existing control measures and corrective actions and to evaluate new ones to reduce risk levels. The treatment processes and distribution system steps were shown as the main barriers of the DWSS mainly they are under governance of water company, unlike the catchment and consumers which presented higher levels of risk because in these steps the water company has less control and influence. Our research confirms that the WSP is an important tool for decision-making by water-service companies-improving their administrative, financial, organizational, and operational management. It also shows that it is essential that their senior management and other stakeholders be part of the WSP team at each stage of implementation of the DWSS.