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Avocado pear pulp (Persea americana) is indigenous to Mexico. It is widely cultivated and consumed all over the world. Its oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (SFAs) and can be used to replace SFAs in a diet to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Consumers seek healthy foods that aid in reducing metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the best acceptable cakes supplemented with 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50% avocado on the serum lipid profile and plasma protein in rats. Twenty-five rats separated into five groups of four test groups and one control group were fed individually for 14 days, after which blood samples were withdrawn and subjected to biochemical analysis. Intake of cake supplemented with avocado pear pulp resulted in significant (P < .05) increment in the body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL, and serum protein and decrement in LDL of the rats. The group fed 50% supplemented cake showed highest increase in HDL and least decrease in LDL. Cake supplemented with 50% avocado pear pulp proved to be a better supplementation in reducing serum LDL and increasing serum HDL and serum protein in rats, indicating to be a promising nutraceutical for the management of cardiovascular diseases and its associated complications.
Assuntos
Persea , Animais , Proteínas Sanguíneas , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , México , RatosRESUMO
ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fiber on growth performance, fat deposition, serum lipids, fat metabolism, and mRNA (messenger RNA) expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in Jilin white and Carlos geese. Sixty Jilin white and sixty Carlos geese aged six-weeks and of similar health and weight (average weight 313.11g) were selected. Geese of each breed were randomly divided into two groups (n=30), and with each group containing three replicate subgroups of 10 geese. The diet was supplemented with 8% or 11% fiber (corn straw powder). The Jilin white geese are divided into A1 (8%) and A2 (11%) groups, and Carlos geese are divided into B1 (8%) and B2 (11%) groups. The experiment lasted 35 days. The results showed that high dietary fiber can significantly (p 0.05) increase average daily feed intake (ADFI), significantly (p 0.05) reduce final weight (FW) and average daily gain (ADG) of both varieties, and increase LPL mRNA expression levels in abdominal fat, liver, sebum, and urethral glands. High dietary fiber accelerates intestinal peristalsis, affects the absorption of other nutrients, reduces the available energy value of the absorbed feed, and increases fat loss. Compared with the to Carlos geese, high dietary fiber content had a more significant effect on the live, slaughter, and sebum weights and sebum percentage of the Jilin white geese, indicating that the Carlos geese have higher requirements for dietary fiber content. High fiber content will reduce the growth performance, slaughter performance, and fat deposition of geese.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of carotenoids intake of Scenedesmus obliquus, on lipid peroxidation, the endogenous antioxidant defense system as well as the serum lipid profile in vivo. Male mice were divided into control groups and supplemented with different doses of microalgae carotenoids: 0.25 (MC1) and 2.5 (MC2) mg·kg-1 bodyweight. The lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low and high-density lipoprotein) and markers of hepatic toxicity were determined in serum samples. Antioxidant enzymes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were determined in the heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen. Both doses used to treat the animals did not show adverse effects by markers of hepatic toxicity. MC1 did not cause significant changes in the serum lipid profile. In contrast, it created a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation of the spleen (46%) as well as an increase in the GR in the heart (40%) and GPx in the kidneys (79%) activity. The MC2 treatment also increased GR (49%) in the heart and GPx (243%) in the heart and kidneys (58%) activity, however, significantly increased levels of lipid peroxidation in the liver (160%) as well as serum triglycerides (60%). According to results, it is suggested that the consumption of S. obliquus carotenoids at the MC1 dose was safe to the animals and could be explored as an alternative to improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduce lipid peroxidation.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Carotenoides/farmacologia , Colesterol/sangue , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microalgas/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos AnimaisRESUMO
Fetal gastroschisis is a paraumbilical abdominal wall defect with herniation of abdominal organs. The underlying cause of the disease remains unknown; however, studies suggest that nutritional factors may play a role in its development. This prospective case-control study explored the association of serum fatty acid levels of pregnant women and occurrence of gastroschisis. Gastroschisis group comprised 57 pregnant women with fetuses with gastroschisis, and the control group comprised 114 pregnant women with normal fetuses. Serum fatty acids levels were compared between the groups for the overall pregnancy at <34 weeks; ≤25 weeks, and >25 and <34 weeks; and at delivery. Total fatty acids (p = .008), unsaturated fatty acids (p = .002), and the C18:1n9/C18:00 ratio (p = .021) were lower in the gastroschisis group than in the control group during the overall pregnancy; however, the C16:00/C18:2n6 ratio (p = .018) was higher in the gastroschisis group than in the control group during the same period. Total fatty acids (p = .044) and unsaturated fatty acids (p = .024) were lower in the gastroschisis group at ≤25 weeks, and unsaturated fatty acid (p = .025) and the C18:1n9/C18:00 ratio (p = .013) were lower in the gastroschisis group than in the control group at >25 and <34 weeks. Pregnant women with fetuses with gastroschisis have low serum fatty acids levels during pregnancy. These findings suggest that fatty acids levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of fetal gastroschisis.
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Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Gastrosquise/sangue , Gastrosquise/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Gastrosquise/epidemiologia , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Metaboloma , Metabolômica/métodos , Gravidez , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background: Liver plays an important role in energy homeostasis. Intense liver diseases are accompanied with lower concentrations of n-3 and n-6 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). It has been found that n-3 PUFA play importantly protective roles in the liver. There was limited information about the effects of lipid sources on serum lipid components and liver sterol regulatory element binding-1 (SREBP-1) gene expression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of fish oil, corn oil, olive oil and tallow, respectively, as dietary sources of n-3, n-6, n-9 and saturated fatty acid on serum lipid compound and liver SREBP-1 gene expression in broiler chicks.Materials, Methods & Results: In a completely randomized design, 240 one-day-old broiler chicks were allocated to five dietary treatments, four replicates and 12 chicks per each. Dietary treatments included of: control (diet without lipid supplementation) and diet supplemented with fish oil as a n-3 fatty acid source, corn oil as a n-6 fatty acid source, olive oil as a n-9 fatty acid source and tallow as a saturated fatty acid which were added to diets at 1.5, 3 and 4% in the starter, grower and finisher, respectively. At days 28 and 42 of age, liver tissue was dissected out and samples were placed in liquid nitrogen, also blood samples were collected. The SREBP-1 mRNA expression in liver [...]
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Animais , Azeite de Oliva/análise , Expressão Gênica , Galinhas/metabolismo , Lipídeos/sangue , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Óleo de Milho/análise , Óleos de Peixe/análise , Gorduras na DietaRESUMO
Background: Liver plays an important role in energy homeostasis. Intense liver diseases are accompanied with lower concentrations of n-3 and n-6 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). It has been found that n-3 PUFA play importantly protective roles in the liver. There was limited information about the effects of lipid sources on serum lipid components and liver sterol regulatory element binding-1 (SREBP-1) gene expression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of fish oil, corn oil, olive oil and tallow, respectively, as dietary sources of n-3, n-6, n-9 and saturated fatty acid on serum lipid compound and liver SREBP-1 gene expression in broiler chicks.Materials, Methods & Results: In a completely randomized design, 240 one-day-old broiler chicks were allocated to five dietary treatments, four replicates and 12 chicks per each. Dietary treatments included of: control (diet without lipid supplementation) and diet supplemented with fish oil as a n-3 fatty acid source, corn oil as a n-6 fatty acid source, olive oil as a n-9 fatty acid source and tallow as a saturated fatty acid which were added to diets at 1.5, 3 and 4% in the starter, grower and finisher, respectively. At days 28 and 42 of age, liver tissue was dissected out and samples were placed in liquid nitrogen, also blood samples were collected. The SREBP-1 mRNA expression in liver [...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Expressão Gênica , Galinhas/metabolismo , Óleos de Peixe/análise , Óleo de Milho/análise , Azeite de Oliva/análise , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Lipídeos/sangue , Gorduras na DietaRESUMO
Objective: As obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a relatively common psychiatric disorder with a significant suicide risk, the individuation of potential biomarkers of suicidality, such as cholesterol levels, may enable recognition of at-risk subjects. Therefore, the aims of this study were to: 1) evaluate potential differences in clinical and laboratory parameters between patients with and without alexithymia and compare them with healthy controls; and 2) investigate which clinical and laboratory variables were associated with suicidal ideation. Methods: 79 drug-naïve adult outpatients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD were recruited. Alexithymia was measured with the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), suicidal ideation was assessed with the Scale for Suicide Ideation, and depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Serum lipid levels of 40 healthy controls were also evaluated. Results: Alexithymic patients had altered serum lipid levels in comparison with non-alexithymics and healthy controls. Using a linear regression model, the presence of symmetry/ordering obsessions and compulsions, lower HDL-C levels, and difficulty in identifying feelings dimension of the TAS-20 were associated with higher suicidal ideation. Conclusions: Alexithymic individuals with OCD may exhibit dysregulation of the cholesterol balance, which in turn may be linked to suicidal ideation. Further prospective studies are required to elucidate this potential association. .
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Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Sintomas Afetivos/sangue , Sintomas Afetivos/psicologia , Colesterol/sangue , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/sangue , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/psicologia , Ideação Suicida , Análise de Variância , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Pacientes Ambulatoriais/psicologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Psicometria , Valores de Referência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Verificar o consumo da bebida café segundo a quantidade ingerida e os métodos de preparo, e sua associação com o perfil lipídico sérico de hipertensos e diabéticos. MÉTODOS: Foram coletados, por meio de entrevista, dados demográficos, de estilo de vida e de consumo alimentar, aferidas medidas antropométricas e colhido sangue para análise de perfil lipídico sérico. Análise descritiva, testes t de Student, qui-quadrado e de correlação linear de Pearson foram utilizados com 5 por cento de probabilidade de erro experimental. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 182 indivíduos hipertensos e diabéticos tipo 2, consumidores de café, distribuídos em dois grupos segundo o método de preparo da bebida: à brasileira e fervido. Os grupos foram semelhantes quanto aos dados demográficos, antropométricos, de estilo de vida, de consumo alimentar e de perfil lipídico sérico. A quantidade per capita de pó utilizado no método à brasileira e no fervido foi de M=7,52, DP=4,99g e M=7,91, DP=5,87g, respectivamente. O volume ingerido e a frequência de consumo dos indivíduos do grupo à brasileira foi de M=517,3, DP=402,7mL e M=2,14, DP=1,06 vezes/dia, e para os consumidores de café fervido, M=513,4, DP=409,8mL e M=2,2, DP=0,94 vezes/dia. Não houve associação significativa entre a quantidade ingerida da bebida café e o perfil lipídico sérico. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve associação entre o consumo de café à brasileira ou fervido e o perfil lipídico sérico, possivelmente em função da quantidade consumida e/ou da diluição utilizada. Se, por um lado, os resultados não permitem desestimular o consumo da bebida na quantidade ingerida pela população estudada, como medida de prevenção cardiovascular, por outro lado autorizam concluir que há necessidade de avançar nessa linha de investigação.
OBJECTIVE: This study determined the amount of coffee consumed, the preparation methods and the association between coffee intake and the serum lipid profile of diabetics and hypertensive individuals. METHODS: Interviews were done to collect demographic and lifestyle data and food intake. Blood was collected to determine serum lipid profiles and anthropometric characteristics were measured. Descriptive analysis and the Student's t-test, chi-square test and Pearson's linear correlation were used with p£0.05 to establish statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 182 hypertensive and type-2 diabetic individuals who consumed coffee were evaluated and categorized according to the preparation method: Brazilian or boiled. The population had similar demographics, anthropometrics, lifestyles, food habits and serum lipid profiles. The per capita amount of powder ingested when the Brazilian preparation method (uses a filter) was used compared with boiling was M=7.52, SD=4.99g and M=7.91, SD=5.87g, respectively. In both groups, those levels were obtained in accordance with the estimated daily intake volume of the drink. The volume ingested by individuals in the "Brazilian" group and intake frequency were: M=517.3, SD=402.7mL and M=2.14, SD=1.06 times/day and in the "boiled" group: M=513.4, SD=409.8mL, and M=2.2 SD=0.94 times/day. There was no significant association between coffee intake and serum lipid profile. CONCLUSION: There was no association between coffee intake and serum lipid profile in the studied population, possibly because of the amount consumed and/or dilution used. If, on the one hand, the results do not allow us to discourage consumption in the amounts consumed by the studied population as a way to prevent cardiovascular disease, on the other hand, it is clear that this line of research requires further investigation.