RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth.) Micheli is popularly used for acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. The anti-inflammatory activity was previously demonstrated for its flavonoid-enriched fractions. The aim of this work assessed the antinociceptive properties of both aqueous extract and its fractions. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: The antinociceptive activity was determined by acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin test, tail immersion test, hot-plate test, xylene-induced ear edema methods, and the evaluation of its mechanism was performed in the writhing model. The aqueous extract of Echinodorus macrophyllus (AEEm) was fractionated, yielding Fr20, and Fr40. Fr40 composition was determined by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fr20 (all doses) and Fr40 (100 mg/kg) reduced the nociception in the tail-flick model. Both fractions increased the percentage of maximum possible effect with 25 mg/kg, in the hot-plate assay, at 60 min, while AEEm reduced pain only with 50 and 100 mg/kg. There was a reduction in xylene-edema index, with Fr40 (25 mg/kg), AEEm (50 mg/kg) and Fr20 (50 mg/kg). All doses of AEEm, Fr20, and Fr40 reduced both phases of the formalin model. In the abdominal contortion model, Fr40 presented the highest activity, reducing 96% of contortions and its antinociceptive mechanism was evaluated. The results indicated the involvement of NO and adrenergic activation pathways. The main components of Fr40 are swertisin, swertiajaponin, isoorientin 7,3'-dimethyl ether, swertisin-O-rhamnoside, isoorientin, isovitexin, isovitexin-Orhamnoside, and isovitexin-7-O-glucoside. The aqueous extract of E. macrophyllus leaves and its fractions exhibited significant analgesic effect, mediated through both peripheral and central mechanisms being considered a potentially antinociceptive drug.

RESUMO

In vitro tests conducted with extracts rich in tannins have identified several biological activities of this class of substance. Thus, this paper intends to evaluate the antibacterial activity of tannin-rich fraction obtained from leaf extracts of Anacardium humile A.St.-Hil. Extracts of A. humile leaves in 70% acetone were semi-purified with ethyl acetate and butanol. We quantified the total tannins of the semi-purified fractions, of the crude extract and of aqueous residues and then performed tests of the antibacterial activity of the tannins against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. All positive extracts underwent tannin isolation using a Sephadex LH-20 column. The tannins isolated from the samples were quantified and tested for the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The tannins from crude extracts, semi-purifications and residues showed inhibition of S. aureus growth with MIC=500 g mL-1. All tannin fractions showed MIC against all strains and MBC, except against E. faecalis. The tannin fractions from Anacardium humile have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomononas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis and, therefore, may be promising for future synthesis of new antibacterial agents.

Testes in vitro realizados com extratos ricos em taninos têm identificado muitas atividades biológicas dessa classe de substâncias. Nesse contexto, esse artigo propõe a avaliação da atividade antibacteriana de frações tânicas, obtidas de extratos de folhas de Anacardium humile A.St.-Hil. Extratos de A. humile em acetona 70% foram particionados com acetato de etila e butanol. Foram quantificados taninos totais das frações particionadas, do extrato bruto e dos resíduos aquosos, e foi realizado teste de atividade antibacteriana dos taninos contra Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 e Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Todos os extratos positivos foram submetidos ao isolamento de taninos, utilizando-se coluna de Sephadex LH-20. Os taninos isolados das amostras foram quantificados e testados sua concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração bactericida mínima (CBM). Os taninos do extrato bruto, partições e resíduos apresentaram inibição do crescimento de S.aureus com CIM =500 g mL-1. As frações tânicas apresentaram CIM contra todas as cepas e CBM, exceto contra E. faecalis. As frações tânicas de Anacardium humile possuem atividade antibacteriana contra Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomononas aeruginosa e Enterococcus faecalis e, portanto, podem ser promissoras em sínteses futuras de novos agentes antimicrobianos.

RESUMO

In vitro tests conducted with extracts rich in tannins have identified several biological activities of this class of substance. Thus, this paper intends to evaluate the antibacterial activity of tannin-rich fraction obtained from leaf extracts of Anacardium humile A.St.-Hil. Extracts of A. humile leaves in 70% acetone were semi-purified with ethyl acetate and butanol. We quantified the total tannins of the semi-purified fractions, of the crude extract and of aqueous residues and then performed tests of the antibacterial activity of the tannins against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. All positive extracts underwent tannin isolation using a Sephadex LH-20 column. The tannins isolated from the samples were quantified and tested for the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The tannins from crude extracts, semi-purifications and residues showed inhibition of S. aureus growth with MIC=500 g mL-1. All tannin fractions showed MIC against all strains and MBC, except against E. faecalis. The tannin fractions from Anacardium humile have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomononas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis and, therefore, may be promising for future synthesis of new antibacterial agents.

Testes in vitro realizados com extratos ricos em taninos têm identificado muitas atividades biológicas dessa classe de substâncias. Nesse contexto, esse artigo propõe a avaliação da atividade antibacteriana de frações tânicas, obtidas de extratos de folhas de Anacardium humile A.St.-Hil. Extratos de A. humile em acetona 70% foram particionados com acetato de etila e butanol. Foram quantificados taninos totais das frações particionadas, do extrato bruto e dos resíduos aquosos, e foi realizado teste de atividade antibacteriana dos taninos contra Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 e Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Todos os extratos positivos foram submetidos ao isolamento de taninos, utilizando-se coluna de Sephadex LH-20. Os taninos isolados das amostras foram quantificados e testados sua concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração bactericida mínima (CBM). Os taninos do extrato bruto, partições e resíduos apresentaram inibição do crescimento de S.aureus com CIM =500 g mL-1. As frações tânicas apresentaram CIM contra todas as cepas e CBM, exceto contra E. faecalis. As frações tânicas de Anacardium humile possuem atividade antibacteriana contra Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomononas aeruginosa e Enterococcus faecalis e, portanto, podem ser promissoras em sínteses futuras de novos agentes antimicrobianos.

RESUMO

In vitro tests conducted with extracts rich in tannins have identified several biological activities of this class of substance. Thus, this paper intends to evaluate the antibacterial activity of tannin-rich fraction obtained from leaf extracts of Anacardium humile A.St.-Hil. Extracts of A. humile leaves in 70% acetone were semi-purified with ethyl acetate and butanol. We quantified the total tannins of the semi-purified fractions, of the crude extract and of aqueous residues and then performed tests of the antibacterial activity of the tannins against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. All positive extracts underwent tannin isolation using a Sephadex LH-20 column. The tannins isolated from the samples were quantified and tested for the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The tannins from crude extracts, semi-purifications and residues showed inhibition of S. aureus growth with MIC=500 g mL-1. All tannin fractions showed MIC against all strains and MBC, except against E. faecalis. The tannin fractions from Anacardium humile have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomononas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis and, therefore, may be promising for future synthesis of new antibacterial agents.

Testes in vitro realizados com extratos ricos em taninos têm identificado muitas atividades biológicas dessa classe de substâncias. Nesse contexto, esse artigo propõe a avaliação da atividade antibacteriana de frações tânicas, obtidas de extratos de folhas de Anacardium humile A.St.-Hil. Extratos de A. humile em acetona 70% foram particionados com acetato de etila e butanol. Foram quantificados taninos totais das frações particionadas, do extrato bruto e dos resíduos aquosos, e foi realizado teste de atividade antibacteriana dos taninos contra Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 e Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Todos os extratos positivos foram submetidos ao isolamento de taninos, utilizando-se coluna de Sephadex LH-20. Os taninos isolados das amostras foram quantificados e testados sua concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração bactericida mínima (CBM). Os taninos do extrato bruto, partições e resíduos apresentaram inibição do crescimento de S.aureus com CIM =500 g mL-1. As frações tânicas apresentaram CIM contra todas as cepas e CBM, exceto contra E. faecalis. As frações tânicas de Anacardium humile possuem atividade antibacteriana contra Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomononas aeruginosa e Enterococcus faecalis e, portanto, podem ser promissoras em sínteses futuras de novos agentes antimicrobianos.

RESUMO

In vitro tests conducted with extracts rich in tannins have identified several biological activities of this class of substance. Thus, this paper intends to evaluate the antibacterial activity of tannin-rich fraction obtained from leaf extracts of Anacardium humile A.St.-Hil. Extracts of A. humile leaves in 70% acetone were semi-purified with ethyl acetate and butanol. We quantified the total tannins of the semi-purified fractions, of the crude extract and of aqueous residues and then performed tests of the antibacterial activity of the tannins against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. All positive extracts underwent tannin isolation using a Sephadex LH-20 column. The tannins isolated from the samples were quantified and tested for the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The tannins from crude extracts, semi-purifications and residues showed inhibition of S. aureus growth with MIC=500 g mL-1. All tannin fractions showed MIC against all strains and MBC, except against E. faecalis. The tannin fractions from Anacardium humile have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomononas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis and, therefore, may be promising for future synthesis of new antibacterial agents.

Testes in vitro realizados com extratos ricos em taninos têm identificado muitas atividades biológicas dessa classe de substâncias. Nesse contexto, esse artigo propõe a avaliação da atividade antibacteriana de frações tânicas, obtidas de extratos de folhas de Anacardium humile A.St.-Hil. Extratos de A. humile em acetona 70% foram particionados com acetato de etila e butanol. Foram quantificados taninos totais das frações particionadas, do extrato bruto e dos resíduos aquosos, e foi realizado teste de atividade antibacteriana dos taninos contra Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 e Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Todos os extratos positivos foram submetidos ao isolamento de taninos, utilizando-se coluna de Sephadex LH-20. Os taninos isolados das amostras foram quantificados e testados sua concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração bactericida mínima (CBM). Os taninos do extrato bruto, partições e resíduos apresentaram inibição do crescimento de S.aureus com CIM =500 g mL-1. As frações tânicas apresentaram CIM contra todas as cepas e CBM, exceto contra E. faecalis. As frações tânicas de Anacardium humile possuem atividade antibacteriana contra Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomononas aeruginosa e Enterococcus faecalis e, portanto, podem ser promissoras em sínteses futuras de novos agentes antimicrobianos.