RESUMO

This database consists of the Peruvian media diet in a post-pandemic context. Specifically, it examines how Peruvians define and utilise media to create environments for information, learning, and entertainment. Since the pandemic, the relationship that users have developed with the media has intensified and changed, fostering new uses and interactions. However, our data demonstrates that the Peruvian public maintains a critical role towards mass media (broadcasting model) [1], which motivates them to seek out media and platforms that cater to their interests and expectations. In this regard, we compare three axes of analysis (information, education, and entertainment), taking socio demographic variables, to produce a baseline that is useful for specific research projects. Through a quantitative approach we explored the expectations, decisions, forms of interaction, and satisfactions that users obtain in their relationship with the media, offering new theoretical insights based on emerging data, such as the level of planning in content consumption or the role that traditional media play in different age and socioeconomic groups.

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To investigate if facial and dental satisfaction is related to body fat percentage and body weight satisfaction. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was applied to adolescents from a Private School in Southern Brazil containing sociodemographic (sex and age) and self-perception variables. Adolescents were asked about their perceptions concerning dental problems. Body fat percentage was collected using bioelectrical impedance analysis. RESULTS: A total of 372 adolescents were examined. Most adolescents were satisfied with their dental (81.7%) and facial appearance (87.6%), while 39% of adolescents were satisfied with their body weight. Poisson regression model showed that adolescents who expressed satisfaction with their body weight (PR = 1.12, 95%CI 1.06-1.19) and were satisfied with their dental appearance (PR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.41) exhibited a positive association with facial satisfaction. Adolescents dissatisfied with dental color (PR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.80-0.97), those reporting dental pain (PR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.80-0.97), and individuals with obesity (PR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.83-0.99) demonstrated a decrease in facial satisfaction. Adolescents aged 16 to 19 years (PR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.15) and those satisfied with their facial appearance (PR = 1.20, 95%CI 1.01-1.43) exhibited a higher prevalence of dental satisfaction. Conversely, adolescents dissatisfied with dental color (PR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.66-0.82) and those with misaligned teeth (PR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.55-0.73) reported lower levels of dental satisfaction. Parametric g-formula analysis found that the association between body fat and facial satisfaction was mediated by body weight satisfaction (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: While dental satisfaction was not influenced by corporeal characteristics, facial satisfaction was influenced by dental and body weight satisfaction. Obese adolescents had low facial satisfaction.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The literature exploring individual differences in self-rated health has grown fast in recent years. Self-rated health (SRH) is a good indicator of general health status. This empirical study explores the association between outdoor air pollution and SRH in Chile. This type of analysis is infrequent in Latin America. METHODS: We used objective and subjective air pollution measures. The first corresponds to PM2.5, and the latter to the perception of a high level of air pollution. Drawing on data from two independent and repeated nationwide surveys over the period 2006-2017 at the individual level in Chile, we performed repeated cross-sectional analyses for each year of survey application. Ordered Logit (OL) and Logit (L) multivariate models were used to investigate the association between SRH and air pollution measures, considering other socioeconomic and demographic covariates. RESULTS: We found that the higher is the level of air pollution, the lower the SRH in Chile, regardless of whether air pollution is physically measured or perceived by respondents. The results were consistent over the years in the sign and significance of regression coefficients using two surveys and two forms of the outcome variable. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings add evidence that air pollution is a relevant determinant of SRH. In addition, they show that subjective measures of air pollution can be as reliable as physical measures in the analysis of the association between air pollution and human health.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Purpose Prospective memory (PM) questionnaires are frequently used to evaluate perceptions of PM skills in daily life. This study aimed to systematically investigate communication-specific attributes using pre-existing PM self-rating questionnaires to inform clinicians and researchers about the role of PM in cognitive communicative evaluations. Methods PM-related items from three questionnaires (i.e., Prospective Memory Questionnaire, Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory, and Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire) were compiled and embedded in Google Forms and distributed to 70 Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) with expertise in Cognitive Communicative Disorders across India. Participants first identified items related to communication, and were then contacted to rate the communication-related PM items using a Likert scale for their degree of appropriateness. Responses from 40 SLPs were obtained and subjected to item-content validity index (i-CVI) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results Of the 114 PM items, 28 received ratings over 50% for their relevance to communication. Of the 28 items, 21 had an i-CVI score greater than 0.8. After the removal of overlapping content, 14 items were finalized and subjected to EFA, which resulted in four factors: PM failure due to loss of communicative content, PM failure due to loss of communicative intent, PM cost due to ongoing interference, and PM failure linked to the priority of communicative intent. Conclusion This study highlights communication-related aspects of PM that can be used as a framework for SLPs to assess and research PM skills.

RESUMO

La escritura es un acto complejo que impone demandas simultáneas al escritor. Investigaciones recientes muestran que los estudiantes evidencian grandes dificultades en este proceso, especialmente cuando se trata de producir textos académicos, lo que puede tener un impacto negativo en sus aprendizajes. La presente investigación, correlacional Transversal, tuvo como objetivo relacionar el conocimiento del proceso de planeación y la manera en la que los estudiantes universitarios se autoperciben en la escritura. Se emplearon 2 instrumentos: una encuesta sobre planificación de la escritura y un cuestionario de autopercepción de los alumnos universitarios como lectores/escritores, a una muestra probabilística de 348 estudiantes de 11 programas académicos de una institución de educación superior en Colombia. Se aplicó la prueba Chi cuadrada χ², con una confianza del 95%, a partir de lo cual se hallaron relaciones significativas entre las variables. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes, al planificar la escritura, tienen en cuenta a su audiencia, al igual que el propósito al escribir, encontrándose una relación significativa entre estas (valor p ­ 0,0185). De la misma forma, se encontró una asociación entre quienes se plantean objetivos para escribir y la motivación (valor p 0,0004). Se observa correlación entre los estudiantes universitarios que estructuran frases completas al escribir y la habilidad para presentar sus ideas de manera clara y precisa (valor p 0,0021); así como, para organizar adecuadamente los elementos de un texto explicativo ­ expositivo, con el conocimiento de las estructuras textuales (valor p 0,0248). Se destaca la importancia de sensibilizar a los universitarios sobre la planeación textual para producir escritos de calidad. Las Instituciones de Educación Superior deben diseñar e implementar programas educativos que promuevan la escritura académica en el currículo como parte de la formación integral de los estudiantes, ya que es un factor indispensable en el mundo del trabajo.

Writing is a complex act that imposes simultaneous demands on the writer. Recent research shows that students show great difficulties in this process, especially when it comes to producing academic texts, which can have a negative impact on their learning. The present research, correlationaltransversal, aimed to relate the knowledge of the planning process and the way in which university students self-perceive themselves in writing. 2 instruments were employed: a survey on writing planning and a questionnaire of self-perception of university students as readers/writers, to a probabilistic sample of 348 students from 11 academic programs of a higher education institution in Colombia. The Chi-squared χ² test was applied, with 95% confidence, from which significant relationships were found between the variables. The results show that when students plan their writing, they take into account their audience, as well as the purpose of their writing, finding a significant relationship between these variables (p-value ­ 0.0185). In the same way, anassociation was found between those who set goals for writing and motivation (p-value 0.0004). A correlation is observed between university students who structure complete sentences when they write and the ability to present their ideas clearly and precisely (p-value 0.0021), as well as to adequately organize the elements of an explanatory-expository text, with the knowledge of textual structures (p-value 0.0248). It is important to make university students aware of textual planning in order to produce quality writing. Higher Education Institutions should design and implement educational programs that promote academic writing in the curriculum as part of the integral formation of students, since it is an indispensable factor in the world of work.

RESUMO

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a associação de fatores sociodemográficos, do comportamento vocal, morbidades e autopercepção da voz, auditiva e de saúde geral de idosas com distúrbio vocal. Método Participaram 95 idosas com idades entre 60 e 84 anos (média 69,5). Realizou-se uma entrevista com apoio de um questionário estruturado contendo questões sociodemográficas, de saúde e do comportamento vocal. Utilizou-se o Protocolo para Rastreamento de Alterações Vocais em Idosos (RAVI) para identificar a presença de distúrbio vocal. Resultados Houve o predomínio de participantes com ensino médio completo e aposentadas. O número de idosas que apresentaram distúrbio vocal segundo o RAVI foi de 46,3%. Queixas relacionadas às sensações físicas como garganta seca, pigarro e coceira na garganta foram as mais presentes. O grupo de idosas com distúrbio vocal apresentou pior autopercepção da qualidade vocal, audição, saúde geral e maior frequência de infecções de vias aéreas superiores quando comparadas àquelas sem distúrbio vocal (p≤0,05). Conclusão Houve associação estatística entre a autoavaliação vocal mensurada pelo RAVI e a autopercepção da qualidade da voz, da audição, da saúde geral, inflamações de garganta, sinusite e alergias respiratórias.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the association between sociodemographic factors, vocal behavior, morbidities, and self-perception of voice, hearing, and general health in older women with voice disorders. Methods The sample had 95 older women aged 60 to 84 years (mean of 69,5). They were interviewed with a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic aspects, health, and vocal behavior. The Screening Protocol for Voice Disorders in Older Adults (RAVI) was used to identify the presence of voice disorders. Results Participants who had finished high school and were retired predominated. The number of older women with voice disorders according to RAVI was 46.3%. Physical sensations such as dry throat, throat clearing, and itchy throat were the most common complaints. The group of older women with voice disorders had worse self-perception of voice quality, hearing, and general health and a higher frequency of upper airway infections than those without voice disorders (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion The vocal self-assessment measured with RAVI was statistically associated with self-perception of voice quality, hearing, general health, sore throat, sinusitis, and respiratory allergies.

RESUMO

Objective: To verify the relationship between smoking, age, schooling, and the vocal self-perception of trans women. Methods: Cross-sectional observational quantitative study conducted with 24 trans women over 18 years old, living in their affirmed gender for a minimum of 6 months. Data collection involved selected questions from the translated and authorized Portuguese version of the Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire (TWVQ) and information regarding age, education, occupation, and smoking status. All variables were analyzed descriptively, and the association with smoking was assessed using Pearson's Chi-square, Fisher's Exact, Student's T, and Mann-Whitney tests, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The mean age of trans women was 28.2 +/- 6.5 years (range: 21 - 48). Most participants (41.6%) had completed their high school education and pursued diverse careers. Regarding smoking habits, 58.3% of women were either current smokers or had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime. A statistically significant association was found between smoking and age (p = 0.001), with smokers having a lower average age (24.9 years) compared to nonsmokers (32.9 years). However, no statistical significance was observed between smoking, education, and self-perception of vocal femininity. Only 9 (37.5%) trans women perceived their voices as feminine, while 17 (70.7%) desired a more feminine-sounding voice. Limitation: The limited sample size in this study may have constrained the ability to detect significant differences between the analyzed groups using statistical tests. Conclusion: The smoking prevalence was notably high among younger trans women. However, there was no statistically significant difference in vocal self-perception between those who smoked and those who did not. The majority of trans women expressed a desire for their voices to sound more feminine, particularly among smokers.

Objetivo: Verificar la relación entre el tabaquismo, edad, escolaridad y la autopercepción vocal de mujeres trans. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal cuantitativo realizado con 24 mujeres trans mayores de 18 años, que viven en su género afirmado durante 6 meses. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron preguntas seleccionadas de la versión portuguesa traducida y autorizada del Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire (TWVQ) y datos sobre edad, educación, ocupación y tabaquismo. Todas las variables se analizaron descriptivamente y la asociación con el tabaquismo se realizó mediante las pruebas Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, Exacta de Fisher, T de Student y Mann Whitney, con un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: La edad promedio de las mujeres trans fue de 28,2 +/- 6,5 (rango 21 - 48). La mayoría de las participantes (41,6%) había terminado la escuela secundaria con carreras muy diversas. Respecto al tabaquismo, el 58,3% de las mujeres fuman actualmente o han fumado al menos 100 cigarrillos en su vida. Hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el tabaquismo y la edad (p = 0,001), en la que la edad promedio entre los fumadores (24,9 años) fue menor que la de los no fumadores (32,9 años). No hubo significación estadística entre el tabaquismo, la educación y la autopercepción vocal. Solo 9 (37,5%) mujeres trans actualmente consideran su voz femenina y 17 (70,7%) dijeron que la voz ideal podría sonar más femenina. Limitación: La pequeña casuística puede haber limitado la identificación de diferencias entre los grupos analizados a través de pruebas estadísticas. Conclusión: El tabaquismo fue alto entre las mujeres trans, especialmente las más jóvenes. La autopercepción vocal no fue estadísticamente diferente entre los grupos de fumadores y no fumadores. La mayoría de las mujeres trans dijeron que sus voces podrían sonar más femeninas, especialmente las fumadoras.

RESUMO

Construir e validar um questionário para avaliar a autopercepção de professores sobre sua postura e a percepção dos hábitos posturais dos alunos em diferentes situações no ambiente escolar. Foram realizadas 7 etapas para a construção do questionário. A estratégia de validação de conteúdo foi julgada por um painel de especialistas e pelo Índice de Validade (VI). A confiabilidade teste-reteste foi realizada com professores e medida pelo Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC) e Coeficiente Kappa (KC). 11 especialistas com doutorado, experiência em educação e na área de postura participaram da validação de conteúdo e 40 professores participaram da confiabilidade teste-reteste. As medidas de VI foram todas acima de 0,81, e a média geral de ICC e KC foi de 0,94 e 0,91, respectivamente. Este questionário foi considerado válido, confiável e viável com linguagem compreensível para os professores. Pode ser recomendado para pesquisas em escolas e programas de educação postural, contribuindo para a prevenção de hábitos posturais inadequados e suas consequências.

To construct and validate a questionnaire for assessing teachers' self-perception of their posture, and their perception of students' posture habits in different situations in the school environment. 7-step were performed for the construction of the questionnaire. The content validation strategy was judged by a panel of experts and the Validity Index (VI). Test-retest reliability was performed with teachers and measured by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Kappa Coefficient (KC). Eleven experts with a doctorate, experience in education, and the field of posture participated in content validation and 40 teachers participated in test-retest reliability. VI measurements were all above 0.81, and the overall mean of ICC and KC were 0.94 and 0.91, respectively. This questionnaire was considered valid, reliable, and feasible with language understandable to teachers. It can be recommended for research in schools, and posture education programs, contributing to the prevention of inadequate posture habits and their consequences.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To evaluate oral conditions, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescents. METHODS: Umbrella review, conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyzes (PRISMA) checklist. The search strategy used a combination of words, applied in the electronic databases PubMed, WebScience, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus and Cochrane. Included publications until January 2022, without restrictions. Data collection took place with systematized practices and the eligibility criteria were studies focusing on OHRQoL; teenagers; adolescentes; present the term "systematic review" and/or "meta-analysis" in the title or abstract. The quality assessment followed the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) and the adherence of the article to the PRISMA was verified. RESULTS: Three hundred sixty-two articles were identified, and 22 were included, published between 2009 and 2022. 21 Systematic reviews focused on the English language. Most studies showed heterogeneity in the methodological structuring process: 10 articles were considered of low and 10 critically low quality. Clinical conditions associated with worsening in quality of life were dental caries, malocclusion, dental trauma, toothache, edentulism, need for orthodontic treatment, irregular brushing, and periodontal disease. Socioeconomic factors related to housing, parental education, access to health care, absence of siblings and nuclear family influence OHRQoL. Completion of orthodontic treatment, health promotion programs, dental care and safe housing all have a positive impact. CONCLUSION: Worse oral health status, older age, female sex and worse socioeconomic status were significantly associated with worse OHRQoL. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD4202129352.

Assuntos

RESUMO

En la actualidad, para los adolescentes y jóvenes, el aspecto corporal se considera importante para ser aceptados en los grupos sociales. En correspondencia, se trazó como objetivo de la investigación determinar la correlación entre la satisfacción de la imagen corporal con la práctica del ejercicio físico, en adolescentes de 12 a 18 años de la Unidad Educativa "Leonardo Maldonado Pérez", en el año lectivo 2020-2021. El estudio fue cuantitativo correlacional de tipo no experimental transversal, lo que permitió medir la correlación entre las variables imagen corporal y la práctica del ejercicio físico. Para la recolección de datos se aplicaron dos instrumentos el Body Shape Questionnaire, para explorar nivel de satisfacción corporal y la identificación de la insatisfacción sobre el peso y el Autoinforme del Estadio de Cambio para el Ejercicio Físico, para evaluar la intención de practicar ejercicio físico. El muestreo fue estratificado proporcional y aleatorio simple de 400 estudiantes distribuido en seis grupos. El resultado fue una correlación negativa alta significativa entre el nivel de insatisfacción con la imagen corporal y la práctica del ejercicio físico. Se determinó que los estudiantes buscan la satisfacción de su imagen corporal mediante la práctica del ejercicio físico, pues tener una mejor imagen motiva la responsabilidad de mantenerse saludable, a través de la práctica moderada de ejercicios en diferentes espacios, de forma que lo ubican como meta personal.

Atualmente, para adolescentes e jovens, a aparência corporal é considerada importante para serem aceitos em grupos sociais. Nesse sentido, o objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar a correlação entre a satisfação com a imagem corporal e a prática de exercícios físicos em adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos da Unidade Educacional "Leonardo Maldonado Pérez", no ano letivo de 2020-2021. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo correlacional não experimental de corte transversal, que nos permitiu medir a correlação entre as variáveis imagem corporal e prática de exercício físico. Para a coleta de dados, foram aplicados dois instrumentos: o Body Shape Questionnaire, para explorar o nível de satisfação corporal e a identificação de insatisfação com o peso, e o Self-Report of the Stage of Change for Physical Exercise, para avaliar a intenção de praticar exercícios físicos. A amostragem foi estratificada, proporcional e aleatória simples de 400 alunos distribuídos em seis grupos. O resultado foi uma correlação negativa alta e significativa entre o nível de insatisfação com a imagem corporal e o exercício físico. Foi determinado que os alunos buscam a satisfação com sua imagem corporal por meio da prática de exercícios físicos, pois ter uma imagem melhor motiva a responsabilidade de se manter saudável, por meio da prática moderada de exercícios em diferentes espaços, de modo que eles a colocam como uma meta pessoal.

Currently, for adolescents and young people, body appearance is considered important to be accepted in social groups. Correspondingly, the objective of the research was to determine the correlation between the satisfaction of body image with the practice of physical exercise, in adolescents from 12 to 18 years of age of the Educational Unit "Leonardo Maldonado Pérez", in the school year 2020- 2021. The study was quantitative correlational of a non-experimental cross-sectional type, which made it possible to measure the correlation between the body image variables and the practice of physical exercise. For data collection, two instruments were applied: the Body shape Questionnaire, to explore the level of body satisfaction and the identification of dissatisfaction about weight and the Self-report of the Stage of Change for Physical Exercise, to assess the intention to practice physical exercise. The sampling was stratified proportional and simple random of 400 students divided into six groups. The result was a significant high negative correlation between the level of dissatisfaction with body image and the practice of physical exercise. It was determined that the students seek the satisfaction of their body image through the practice of physical exercise, since having a better image motivates the responsibility of staying healthy, through the moderate practice of exercises in different spaces, so that they place it as a personal goal.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This cohort study was to investigate maternal knowledge of the oral health of woman and children during pregnancy and after childbirth, and the associated factors. METHODS: Groups of women participating in a public prenatal dental care programme in Brazil were assessed, in two different stages. In the first stage, pregnant women were assessed for their own oral health. In the second stage, after childbirth, women were assessed for the oral health of their child. The examiner assigned a maternal knowledge score to the questionnaires, considering the ideal alternatives within the context of oral health promotion as correct answers. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis and multiple linear regression tests, considering a level of significance of P < 0.05. RESULTS: Ninety-eight women were included in the study, with a mean age 26.27 years (SD 6.51). In the regression analysis, the maternal knowledge score was associated with the presence of myths about oral health (P < 0.01), the children first dental appointment in the first year of life (P = 0.07), the presence of a non-nutritious sucking habit (P < 0.01), considering dental treatment to be important during pregnancy (P < 0.01), and having been instructed on oral health during pregnancy (P < 0.01) and after the children birth (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the women showed a regular score of knowledge about their oral health and that of their children, as they still believed in some myths about oral health and the risks of dental treatment during pregnancy. Women who received guidance on oral health in pregnancy and after birth showed higher knowledge of their oral health and that of their children, demonstrating the importance of carrying out health promotion actions during pregnancy and the first years of the child's life.

Assuntos

RESUMO

(1) Background: the measures applied in Chile to reduce COVID-19 infections have been very strict, mainly for children who have experienced lockdowns and school closures for almost two years. Emerging evidence indicates that lockdowns have had several negative effects on children; therefore, the present study seeks to analyze the secular effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on Chilean students' actual motor competence (AMC) and perceived motor competence (PMC). (2) Methods: using a sequential cohort design, data from 523 fifth-grade students at nine elementary schools (46.8% girls, age M = 11.11, SD = 0.66) were assessed in 2018-19 (pre-lockdown) (n = 265) and 2022 (post-lockdown) (n = 258). (3) Results: in the domain of object control (AMC and PMC), no significant differences were found (AMC p = 0.559; PMC p = 0.682). In the self-movement domain of AMC and PMC, the significant differences found presented a small effect size (AMC p = 0.044, ηp2 = 0.01; PMC p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.03). (4) Conclusions: although the differences encountered were not drastic, self-movement skills tended to be greatly affected by the lockdowns resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings broaden information on the negative consequences of the pandemic on students in aspects related to an active and healthy life.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Telemedicine has become more relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, medical students and professionals do not acquire competences in telemedicine during their training. Our objective was to describe the self-reported perception and baseline knowledge of telemedicine among medical students and professionals enrolled in a virtual course. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included physicians or medical students aged 18 years or older who were interested in a free virtual telemedicine course and who completed the data collection questionnaire. We used a Likert scale to assess the self-reported perceptions of four domains related to telemedicine. The participants were grouped into three levels for each domain: low, medium and high. We also objectively assessed telemedicine knowledge by means of 10 questions, with a cut-off point of 50% of correct answers. The Fisher's exact test, the Chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for the comparison of categorical data. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: We included 161 participants: 118 medical students and 43 physicians. We observed no significant differences between medical students and physicians in self-reported perceptions of knowledge, security, or utility of telemedicine. However, students had a high self-reported perception of the disadvantages of telemedicine especially related to patient security (p = 0.018), efficiency of care (p = 0.040), and the possibility of medical malpractice (p = 0.010) compared to physicians. Nearly half of the students (n = 53,44.9%) and physicians (n = 22,51.7%) answered 50% or more of the questions related to telemedicine knowledge correctly. CONCLUSION: Among the physicians and medical students enrolled in the course, the students perceived the disadvantages of telemedicine more frequently. Although physicians and students have limited knowledge of telemedicine, there appears to be no influence of experience and prior training in telemedicine.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Postural therapies use active treatment methods, such as self-correction, to control body segments. The evidence for this practice is established from the comparison of the self-perception of body posture before, during, and after postural education. A scoping review of tools to assess self-perception of body posture, besides encouraging research, may guide professionals while developing treatments. This scoping review aims to identify the existing tools that assess self-perception of body posture, describing their type, measurement properties (validity and reliability), and postural outcomes. The protocol of this review was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF), DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/JGH8U. Studies developing and/or evaluating measurement properties and other study designs using self-perception of static body posture as an assessment method were included. In total, 359 studies were found, of which six were analyzed in this study. They presented two types of tool and their measurement properties were related to validity (n=6) and reliability (n=5). Five studies performed the joint analysis of validity and reliability (83%). Spine position, leg and foot posture, trunk and rib deformity, and postural awareness in general were the assessed postural outcomes. Of the six tools that assess self-perception of body posture, only the SSFS scale can be used in any population. To date, no study found a tool that assesses self-perception of body posture and considers all body segments.

RESUMEN Las terapias posturales utilizan métodos de tratamiento activo, como la autocorrección, para alinear los segmentos del cuerpo. La autopercepción de la postura corporal comparada antes, durante y después del trabajo en educación postural permitirá establecer la evidencia de esta práctica. Una revisión de alcance de los instrumentos que evalúan la autopercepción de la postura corporal, además de incentivar los estudios, puede orientar a los profesionales en las prácticas terapéuticas. El objetivo de esta revisión de alcance es identificar los instrumentos existentes que evalúan la autopercepción de la postura corporal, con la descripción del tipo de instrumento, sus propiedades de medición (validez y confiabilidad) y los resultados posturales. El protocolo para esta revisión está registrado en Open Science Framework (OSF), doi: 10.17605/OSF. IO/JGH8U. Se incluyeron estudios de desarrollo y/o evaluación de propiedades de medición u otros tipos de estudio que utilizaron la autopercepción corporal estática como método de evaluación. Se identificaron un total de 359 estudios, de los cuales seis se incluyeron en esta investigación. Estos presentaron dos tipos de instrumentos. Las propiedades de medición se relacionaron con la validez (n=6) y la confiabilidad (n=5). El análisis conjunto de validez y confiabilidad fue realizado por cinco estudios (83%). Los resultados posturales evaluados fueron: posición de la columna; postura de piernas y pies; deformidad del tronco y las costillas; y conciencia de la postura en general. Se identificaron seis instrumentos que evalúan la autopercepción de la postura corporal, pero solamente la escala SSFS puede ser utilizada en cualquier población. Hasta el momento, no se identificó ningún instrumento que evalúe la autopercepción de la postura corporal y que considere todos los segmentos corporales en el análisis.

RESUMO As terapias posturais utilizam métodos de tratamento ativo, como a autocorreção, para o alinhamento dos seguimentos corporais. É a partir da comparação da autopercepção da postura corporal antes, durante e após o trabalho em educação postural que as evidências dessa prática serão estabelecidas. Uma revisão de escopo sobre os instrumentos de avaliação da autopercepção da postura corporal, além de fomentar pesquisas, poderá guiar os profissionais nas condutas terapêuticas. O objetivo desta revisão de escopo é identificar quais são os instrumentos existentes que avaliam a autopercepção da postura corporal, descrevendo o tipo de instrumento, suas propriedades de medição (validade e confiabilidade) e os desfechos posturais. O protocolo desta revisão foi registrado no Open Science Framework (OSF), doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/JGH8U. Foram incluídos estudos de desenvolvimento e/ou de avaliação de propriedades de medição e outros desenhos de estudo que utilizaram a autopercepção corporal estática como método de avaliação. Foram identificados 359 estudos, sendo seis deles incluídos neste estudo. Estes apresentaram dois tipos de instrumentos. As propriedades de medição foram relativas à validade (n=6) e à confiabilidade (n=5). A análise conjunta de validade e confiabilidade foi realizada por cinco estudos (83%). Os desfechos posturais avaliados foram: posição da coluna vertebral; postura das pernas e dos pés; deformidade do tronco e das costelas; e consciência da postura em geral. Foram identificados seis instrumentos que avaliam a autopercepção da postura corporal, mas apenas a escala SSFS pode ser usada em qualquer população. Até o momento, não foi identificado nenhum instrumento que avalie a autopercepção da postura corporal e que considere todos os segmentos corporais na análise.

RESUMO

Objetivo: reconocer la asociación entre el acceso a atención odontológica y la autopercepción de salud bucal, entendida como buena, regular o mala, según valoración subjetiva, en mujeres adultas trabajadoras sexuales. Métodos: scoping review durante octubre de 2022 en EMBASE (Elsevier), LILACS y PUBMED. Se tuvo en cuenta la guía de métodos de Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), así como la extensión PRISMA para Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Se incluyeron estudios de corte transversal que incluían como actores de estudio a mujeres trabajadoras sexuales y los temas que aquí se abordan. La calidad de los estudios se evaluó mediante la herramienta New Castle-Ottawa. Resultados: se identifcaron 48 artículos de los cuales tres fueron finalmente incluidos en la síntesis de los resultados. La población de los estudios incluidos estuvo centrada en trabajadoras sexuales de diferentes lugares como Suiza, China e India, alrededor de las cuales se abordó el acceso a servicios de atención odontológica y la autopercepción de salud; igualmente, fue común el abordaje detemas de salud sexual. Se evidenciaron barreras económicas, sociales, culturales en el acceso a atención odontológica en trabajadoras sexuales, asimismo la salud autopercibida de las mismas fue interpretada como buena. Conclusión: se evidenció una limitada cantidad de información sobre el acceso a servicios de salud bucal por parte de trabajadoras sexuales con respecto a la información disponible en salud sexual. Por este motivo, es relevante realizar más estudios que tengan en cuenta el componente de salud bucodental en trabajadoras sexuales, teniendo en cuenta los riesgos y vulnerabilidades a las que se encuentran expuestas.

Objective: To recognize the association between access to dental care and self-perception of oral health in terms of subjective assessment as good, regular/average, or bad/poor, in adult women sex workers. Methods: A scoping review during October2022 in EMBASE (Elsevier), LILACS and PUBMED. This study takes into considerationThe Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) method guide and the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The current study also includes cross-sectional studies that considered variables like sex workers, access to dental care, and self-perceived health. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the New Castle-Ottawa tool. Results: Forty-eight articles were identifed, of which three were fnally included in the synthesis of the results. The population of the included studies was focused on sex workers from diferent places such as Switzerland, China and India, the issue of access to dental care services and self-perception of health was also common addressing sexual health issues, these studies identifed economic, social, and cultural barriers in access to dental care for sex workers; also, their self-perceived health was interpreted as good. Conclusion: The limited amount of information regarding access to oral health services by sex workers, regarding information found in terms of sexual health, was evidenced; for this reason, it is important to carry out more studies that consider the oral health component in sex workers, considering the risks and vulnerabilities to which they are exposed.

Assuntos

RESUMO

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association of psoriasis with cardiovascular risk factors and psychological aspects among participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study from the baseline data of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health cohort, collected between 2008 and 2010 in six state capitals of Brazil (i.e., Belo Horizonte, Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, São Paulo, and Vitória). Participants were active and retired civil servants from college and research institutions, aged between 35 and 74 years. Exclusion criteria included the intention to quit working at the institution, pregnancy, severe cognitive impairment, and, if retired, residence outside of a study center's corresponding area. Psoriasis case identification was based on a previous medical diagnosis of psoriasis. Cardiovascular risk profile, psychological aspects, and sociodemographic variables were investigated. RESULTS: Data from 15,105 participants were analyzed (mean age of 52.3 years, 51.3% women). The prevalence of psoriasis was 1.6% (n=236). Psoriasis was associated with higher education (OR 1.94 [CI 1.07-3.52]), health insurance plan (OR 1.56 [CI 1.08-2.25]), central obesity (OR 1.63 [CI 1.10-2.40]), smoking status (former OR 1.40 [CI 1.03-1.88]; current OR 1.61 [CI 1.08-2.40]), and very bad self-perception of health (OR 7.22 [CI 2.41-21.64]), remaining significant even after multivariate adjustment. Self-reported Black participants were less likely to have psoriasis (OR 0.45 [CI 0.26-0.75]). CONCLUSION: In a sample of healthy workers, psoriasis was associated with central obesity, smoking, and a very bad self-perception of health, which may contribute to future cardiovascular disease.

RESUMO

Introducción: En la actualidad existen pocos estudios con respecto a la evaluación de actitudes y autopercepción de conocimientos de los profesionales de la salud hacia los pacientes con alguna condición de salud mental, y la relación de estas variables con la toma de decisiones respecto de estos pacientes. Desde la experiencia se conoce la dificultad que tienen médicos que no están relacionados con el área de salud mental de afrontar a pacientes con alguna patología psiquiátrica y más aún en las urgencias, ya sea porque reconocen falta de conocimientos del tema, instancias no adecuadas para evaluación además de la alta exigencia de estos servicios. Metodología: El estudio consistió en una encuesta online de carácter transversal aplicada a profesionales de la salud pertenecientes al Hospital Dr. Hernán Henríquez Aravena, ubicado en la ciudad de Temuco, Chile. La encuesta incluyó preguntas sociodemográficas, caracterización de experiencias asociadas a diagnósticos de salud mental, y escalas dedicadas a medir variables (autopercepción, actitudes y toma de decisiones). Resultados: A medida que la autopercepción de conocimientos es mayor, el efecto de las actitudes sobre la toma de decisiones también es mayor. Conclusiones: Tanto las actitudes de los profesionales de la salud hacia este tipo de pacientes, así como su autopercepción de conocimientos, son dos componentes fundamentales para asegurar un buen manejo clínico. Resulta importante que exista un balance en cómo se manejan ambas dentro de un servicio, con el fin de asegurar una atención apropiada y centrada en el bienestar del paciente.

Introduction: Currently there are few studies regarding the evaluation of attitudes and self-perception of knowledge of health professionals towards patients with some mental health condition, and the relationship of these variables with decision making regarding these patients. From experience, its known the difficulty that doctors who are not related to the area of mental health have in dealing with patients with some psychiatric pathology and even more so in emergencies, either because they recognize a lack of knowledge of the subject and instances that are not suitable for evaluation. in addition to the high demand of these services. Methodology: The study consisted of a cross-sectional online survey applied to health professionals belonging to the Dr Hernán Henriquez Aravena Hospital, located in the city of Temuco, Chile. The survey included sociodemographic questions, characterization of experiences associated with mental health diagnoses, and scales dedicated to measuring variables (self-perception, attitudes and decision making). Results: As self-perception of knowledge grows, the effect of attitudes on decision making also increases. Conclusions: Both the attitudes of health professionals towards this type of patients, as well as their self-perception of knowledge, are two fundamental components to ensure good clinical management. It is important that there is a balance in how both are managed within a service, in order to ensure appropriate care focused on the patient's well-being.

RESUMO

Resumo: Introdução: Professores de Medicina são demandados em atividades complexas. As reformulações curriculares propostas pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de Medicina no Brasil trouxeram mudanças nas atividades docentes, com a introdução de inovações na formação dos médicos. Em consequência, os papéis docentes têm sido submetidos a redefinições. Harden e Lilley são autores que se debruçaram sobre o estudo dos papéis dos professores de medicina. Objetivo: Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de conhecer a percepção de professores de medicina de uma instituição pública federal de ensino superior sobre os papéis que exercem como docentes. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, com realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dois grupos de professores de medicina, separados pelo tempo de experiência docente: grupo 1: professores com mais de dez anos de docência e grupo 2: docentes com menos de dez anos de carreira docente. As entrevistas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo temática. Resultado: Os professores de medicina de ambos os grupos identificaram em sua atuação os papéis propostos por Harden e Lilley e foram além ao descreverem papéis adicionais que exercem em sua prática docente. Os do grupo 1 consideraram o papel de gestor e os do grupo 2 salientaram que devem ter disponibilidade emocional para lidar com as necessidades afetivas dos estudantes. Conclusão: Essas percepções podem proporcionar às instituições formadoras o conhecimento necessário para mobilizar investimentos institucionais para o desenvolvimento docente e poder contar com todo o potencial da atuação dos professores.

Abstract: Introduction: Medicine professors are required in complex activities. The curricular reforms proposed by the National Curricular Guidelines for medical courses brought changes in teaching activities, with the introduction of innovations in the training of physicians. As a result, teaching roles have been subject to redefinitions. Objectives: This study was carried out with the objective of understanding how medicine professors from a federal public higher education institution view their roles as professors, based on the theoretical reference of the eight roles of the professor of medicine proposed by Harden and Lilley in 2018. Method: This is a study with a qualitative approach, with semi-structured interviews conducted with two groups of medicine professors, separated by the time of teaching experience: Group 1, composed of professors with more than 10 years of teaching experience; and Group 2, composed of professors with less than 10 years of teaching career. The interviews were subjected to thematic content analysis. Results: Medicine professors from both groups identified the roles proposed by Harden and Lilley in their work and went further, describing additional roles they play in their teaching practice. Those in Group 1 attribute the role of manager/administrator to teachers and those in Group 2 consider that teachers must have emotional availability to deal with the affective needs of students. Conclusion: These perceptions can provide training institutions with the necessary knowledge to mobilize institutional investments for teacher development and ensure that teachers reach their full potential.

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the leadership competencies of Medical-Surgical Nursing Specialist Nurses. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive study using the Leadership Competencies Questionnaire. 311 Portuguese Medical-Surgical Nursing Specialist Nurses participated. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22.0. Results: Study participants had an above-average self-perception on the scale (mean = 3.5) in all leadership roles, recognizing their leadership competencies. The leadership competencies of Medical-Surgical Nursing Specialist Nurses are balanced across all roles: Mentor (5.80 ± 1.02); Coordinator (5.53 ± 0.86); Facilitator (5.38 ± 1.04); Innovator (5.34 ± 0.88); Director (5.31 ± 1.10); Producer (5.30 ± 0.98); Monitor (5.15 ± 1.00); Corrector (4.79 ± 1.29) Conclusions: Specialized nursing practice enhances nurses' self-perceived leadership competencies. Nurses see themselves as leaders focused on internal support and facilitation of collective effort and opportunities for skill development.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las competencias de liderazgo de los Enfermeros Especialistas en Enfermería Médico-Quirúrgica. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, utilizando el Cuestionario de Competencias de Liderazgo. Participaron 311 Enfermeros Especialistas en Enfermería Médico-Quirúrgica portugueses. En el análisis de datos, se utilizó el análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial a través del programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), versión 22.0. Resultados: Los participantes en el estudio tienen una autoevaluación por encima del promedio en la escala (media=3,5) en todos los roles de liderazgo, reconociendo sus competencias de liderazgo. Las competencias de liderazgo de los Enfermeros Especialistas en Enfermería Médico-Quirúrgica están equilibradas en todos los roles: Mentor (5,80±1,02), Coordinador (5,53±0,86), Facilitador (5,38±1,04), Innovador (5,34±0,88), Director (5,31±1,10), Productor (5,30±0,98), Monitor (5,15±1,00), Corrector (4,79±1,29). Conclusiones: La práctica de la enfermería especializada aumenta la percepción de las competencias de liderazgo del enfermero sobre sí mismo. Los Enfermeros se ven a sí mismos como líderes orientados hacia una orientación interna de apoyo al esfuerzo colectivo y facilitadores de oportunidades y desarrollo de competencias.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as competências de liderança dos Enfermeiros Especialistas em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, utilizando o Questionário de Competências de Liderança. Participaram 311 Enfermeiros Especialistas em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica portugueses. Na análise de dados, recorreu-se à análise estatística descritiva e inferencial através do programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 22.0. Resultados: Os participantes do estudo têm uma autopercepção acima da média da escala (média=3,5) em todos os papéis de liderança, reconhecendo suas competências de liderança. As competências de liderança dos Enfermeiros Especialistas em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica estão equilibradas entre todos os papéis: Mentor (5,80±1,02), Coordenador (5,53±0,86), Facilitador (5,38±1,04), Inovador (5,34±0,88), Diretor (5,31±1,10), Produtor (5,30±0,98), Monitor (5,15±1,00), Corretor (4,79±1,29). Conclusões: A prática de uma enfermagem especializada aumenta a percepção das competências de liderança do enfermeiro sobre si próprio. Os Enfermeiros veem-se assim como líderes voltados para uma orientação interna de apoio do esforço coletivo e facilitador de oportunidades e desenvolvimento de competências.

RESUMO

Resumo Objetivo investigar a autopercepção das condições bucais e fatores associados em idosos quilombolas rurais do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Método Trata-se de um estudo analítico e transversal de base populacional, no qual utilizou-se uma amostragem por conglomerados com probabilidade proporcional ao tamanho (n=406). A coleta de dados envolveu a realização de entrevistas e exames clínicos odontológicos. A autopercepção das condições bucais foi avaliada por meio do GOHAI (Índice de Determinação da Saúde Bucal Geriátrica). Resultados A maioria dos idosos autopercebeu a saúde bucal como ótima (46,3%) ou regular (30,2%). Os pesquisados revelaram ainda precária saúde bucal e acesso restrito aos serviços odontológicos. Verificaram-se, na análise múltipla, associações significantes (p˂0,05) entre GOHAI regular e variáveis relativas ao local da última consulta e uso de prótese, bem como entre GOHAI ruim e variáveis atinentes ao estado conjugal, religião, motivo da última consulta, índice CPO-D e uso de prótese. Conclusão Parcela expressiva dos idosos quilombolas manifestou uma autoavaliação mais positiva da saúde bucal, divergente do quadro odontológico constatado profissionalmente. Constatou-se ainda que o relato de percepção ruim das condições bucais esteve fortemente associado a uma saúde bucal mais precária entre os investigados.

Abstract Objective to investigate self-perception of oral conditions and associated factors in rural quilombola older people in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Method This is an analytical and cross-sectional population-based study, in which cluster sampling with probability proportional to size (n=406) was used. Data collection involved conducting interviews and clinical dental examinations. Self-perception of oral conditions was assessed using the GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Determination Index). Results Most older people self-perceived oral health as excellent (46.3%) or regular (30.2%). Those surveyed also revealed precarious oral health and restricted access to dental services. In the multiple analysis, significant associations (p˂0.05) were found between regular GOHAI and variables related to the location of the last consultation and use of prosthesis, as well as between poor GOHAI and variables related to marital status, religion, reason for last consultation, CPO-D index and use of prosthesis. Conclusion A significant portion of the quilombola older people showed a more positive self-assessment of oral health, which differs from the professionally verified dental condition. It was also found that the report of poor perception of oral conditions was strongly associated with poorer oral health among those investigated.

Assuntos