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INTRODUCTION: Malignant gastric outlet obstruction is a condition that alters patient quality of life, conditioning progressive malnutrition. However, self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) and surgical gastrojejunostomy (SGJ) are palliative options in patients with unresectable disease. AIM: To characterize patients diagnosed with malignant gastric outlet obstruction requiring SEMS placement or SGJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sequential non-probability convenience sampling was conducted and included 68 patients, 40 of whom had SEMS placement and 28 of whom underwent SGJ. RESULTS: Patients sought medical consultations for the symptoms of vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Ninety-five percent of the patients in the SEMS group and 64.3% in the SGJ group presented with metastasis. Technical and clinical success, patency duration, and number of patients with no complications were greater in the SGJ group. Mean survival in days was 88 (SD ±â€¯21) in the SEMS group versus 501 (SD ±â€¯122) in the SGJ group. The log-rank test detected a statistically significant difference between subgroups (p = 0.00). CONCLUSION: SGJ has greater technical and clinical success rates but SEMS placement continues to be utilized in distal gastric cancer, especially in cases in which surgery is not an option.

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INTRODUCTION: Malignant gastric outlet obstruction is a condition that alters patient quality of life, conditioning progressive malnutrition. However, self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) and surgical gastrojejunostomy (SGJ) are palliative options in patients with unresectable disease. AIMS: To characterize patients diagnosed with malignant gastric outlet obstruction requiring SEMS placement or SGJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sequential non-probability convenience sampling was conducted and included 68 patients, 40 of whom had SEMS placement and 28 of whom underwent SGJ. RESULTS: Patients sought medical consultations for the symptoms of vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Ninety-five percent of the patients in the SEMS group and 64.3% in the SGJ group presented with metastasis. Technical and clinical success, patency duration, and number of patients with no complications were greater in the SGJ group. Mean survival in days was 88 (SD ± 21) in the SEMS group versus 501 (SD ± 122) in the SGJ group. The log-rank test detected a statistically significant difference between subgroups (p = 0.00). CONCLUSION: SGJ has greater technical and clinical success rates but SEMS placement continues to be utilized in distal gastric cancer, especially in cases in which surgery is not an option.

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O stent endovascular autoexpansível pode ser utilizado como forma de tratamento para estenose uretral em cães. O stent de nitinol é composto por uma liga de níquel e titânio que permite mudanças em suas estruturas sob a influência da temperatura corporal e tem excelente biocompatibilidade na uretra canina. Este estudo relata o caso de um cão, sem raça definida, 14 anos de idade, com histórico de disúria há duas semanas, diagnosticado com grande quantidade de cálculos e microcálculos na bexiga, no colo vesical e na uretra prostática, também cistite e hiperplasia prostática. Depois de tratamento para cistite, orquiectomia e cistotomia para retirada dos cálculos, porém sem melhora clínica após 30 dias de acompanhamento, com o paciente apresentando disúria, foi realizada uretrocistografia retrógrada, que evidenciou estenose da uretra prostática. Esse paciente foi encaminhado para procedimento de implantação de um stent de nitinol na uretra prostática. Imediatamente após o procedimento e até o presente momento, o paciente apresenta micção espontânea, sem qualquer sinal de disúria, sendo este o primeiro relato no Brasil do uso dessa técnica.(AU)

The endovascular stent is used for treatment of urethral stricture in dogs. The nitinol stent is composed by nickel and titanium alloy that allows changes in its structures under the influence of body temperature and has excellent biocompatibility in the canine urethra. This study aims to report a case of a 14 - year - old male dog without defined breed with dysuria for two weeks. Ultrasonographic evaluation revealed microcalculi and calculi in bladder, prostatic urethral obstruction and prostatic hyperplasia. Cystotomy was performed to remove uroliths, but after 30 days of hospitalization there was no clinical improvement. A double-contrast retrograde urethrocystography was performed and showed persistence of prostatic urethral obstruction. The pacient was submitted to a new surgery to place a self-expanding nitinol stent and presented spontaneous urination after the procedure. This is the first report of this technique in Brazil.(AU)

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O stent endovascular autoexpansível pode ser utilizado como forma de tratamento para estenose uretral em cães. O stent de nitinol é composto por uma liga de níquel e titânio que permite mudanças em suas estruturas sob a influência da temperatura corporal e tem excelente biocompatibilidade na uretra canina. Este estudo relata o caso de um cão, sem raça definida, 14 anos de idade, com histórico de disúria há duas semanas, diagnosticado com grande quantidade de cálculos e microcálculos na bexiga, no colo vesical e na uretra prostática, também cistite e hiperplasia prostática. Depois de tratamento para cistite, orquiectomia e cistotomia para retirada dos cálculos, porém sem melhora clínica após 30 dias de acompanhamento, com o paciente apresentando disúria, foi realizada uretrocistografia retrógrada, que evidenciou estenose da uretra prostática. Esse paciente foi encaminhado para procedimento de implantação de um stent de nitinol na uretra prostática. Imediatamente após o procedimento e até o presente momento, o paciente apresenta micção espontânea, sem qualquer sinal de disúria, sendo este o primeiro relato no Brasil do uso dessa técnica.(AU)

The endovascular stent is used for treatment of urethral stricture in dogs. The nitinol stent is composed by nickel and titanium alloy that allows changes in its structures under the influence of body temperature and has excellent biocompatibility in the canine urethra. This study aims to report a case of a 14 - year - old male dog without defined breed with dysuria for two weeks. Ultrasonographic evaluation revealed microcalculi and calculi in bladder, prostatic urethral obstruction and prostatic hyperplasia. Cystotomy was performed to remove uroliths, but after 30 days of hospitalization there was no clinical improvement. A double-contrast retrograde urethrocystography was performed and showed persistence of prostatic urethral obstruction. The pacient was submitted to a new surgery to place a self-expanding nitinol stent and presented spontaneous urination after the procedure. This is the first report of this technique in Brazil.(AU)

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INTRODUCTION: Placement of self-expanding metallic stents has been a standard palliative treatment for patients with inoperable biliary malignancy, aiming at improving quality of life via a minimally invasive procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous placement of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene/fluorinated ethylene propylene-covered metallic stents for palliation of inoperable biliary malignancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between February 2012 and April 2013, 11 patients with inoperable malignant biliary obstruction were treated with stent implantation. Serum bilirubin and liver enzyme levels were measured before/immediately after stent placement and at one, three, and six months. Patient survival and stent patency were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: No migration occurred. Patients showed clinical improvement immediately and one month after stent placement, with a significant reduction in mean serum bilirubin level (p < 0.05). At six months, bilirubin levels were <1.5 mg/dL in all cases. One patient developed acute liver failure four days after stent implantation, leading to death. Survival rates were 90% at three months and 70% at six months. Primary patency rates were 100%, 100%, and 90% at one, three, and six months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous placement of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene/fluorinated ethylene propylene-covered metallic stents offered an effective palliative therapy for patients with inoperable biliary malignancy.

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El síndrome de cascanueces (nutcracker's syndrome) se produce por compresión de la vena renal izquierda a su paso por la horquilla vascular, formada por la aorta y la arteria mesentérica superior, causando una compresión extrínseca que genera estenosis funcional de la misma. Esto produce congestión e hipertensión de la vena renal izquierda que se traduce en insuficiencia y várices de la vena gonadal izquierda, hematuria unilateral y dolor lumbar izquierdo, el diagnóstico pocas veces se realiza, por su baja frecuencia y por la falta de sospecha clínica. El tratamiento del síndrome de cascanueces incluye el autotransplante renal, trasposición de arteria mesentérica superior, revascularización y más recientemente, la colocación de stent en la vena renal. Presentamos el caso de un paciente que fue sometido a tratamiento endovascular exitoso con un stent autoexpandible en la vena renal izquierda, con criterios inmediatos de éxito por angiografía, reducción de la congestión venosa y por desaparición del gradiente cavo/renal.

Nutcracker's syndrome is caused by compression of the left renal vein between aorta and superior mesenteric artery, causing extrinsic compression generated functional stenosis. This causes congestion and hypertension of the left renal vein resulting in insufficiency and left gonadal vein varicose, unilateral hematuria and left flank pain, diagnosis is rarely identified by their low frequency and difficulty of suspecting, treatment of nutcracker's syndrome include renal autotransplantation, transposition of superior mesenteric artery revascularization and recently stenting in renal vein, we present the case of a patient, who showed this pathology by diagnostic support by image studies, was performed successfully implant a self-expanding stent with immediate success criteria by angiography, collateral reduction and by disappearance of cava/renal gradient.

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