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Introduction: There are several risk factors associated with developing mental disorders among people over 60 years of age. Mental health encompasses multiple domains or capacities, which can comprise the psychological wellbeing of older people. Therefore, resilient coping, self-compassion, self-esteem, hopelessness, quality of life, and depression are considered the characteristics and adaptive mechanisms that bring together the main risk and protective factors for imbalance in mental wellbeing. Objective: This study aimed to establish the demographic, social, and family factors, as well as the clinical characteristics and lifestyle habits that influence the mental health of the elderly people in the city of Medellín, in the year 2021, to build a mental health index. Methodology: This study adopts a quantitative approach, employs retrospective temporality, and utilizes secondary sources. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with the SABAM Project (health and mental wellbeing of older adults from five cities in Colombia in 2021 by its Spanish acronym) database (secondary source), which is part of the research group "Public Health Observatory" of CES University (Medellín, Colombia). The database comprised 500 records of people aged over 60 years from the city of Medellín in 2021. While constructing the index, a principal component analysis was used, along with the Varimax method for factor analysis rotation. Results: The median age of the general population was 67 years (IQR 63-72); for men, the median age was 66 years (IQR 63-71) and for women, the median age was 67 years (IQR 63-72). An association was found between low socioeconomic levels, alcohol consumption, and the level of higher education (university-postgraduate) with low levels of the Mental Health Index in people over 60 years of age in Medellín during the year 2021. Conclusion: A quantitative model was developed to predict either a positive or negative prognosis in the mental wellbeing of the population over 60 years of age in the city of Medellín. The model was also used for the development of a sociodemographic profile highlighting the impact on mental health among people over 60 years of age with limited economic resources.

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BACKGROUND: Physical exercise can take on a multivariate form, including combat sports, specifically Taekwondo, a Korean sport characterized by strikes involving the hands and feet. This sport has been gaining popularity worldwide in recent years and is being practiced by diverse populations, including the older women. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Taekwondo training on self-esteem and body image in older women with low bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: This is an experimental research with a two-group design, where assessments were conducted pre- and post during a 12-week intervention period. The sample consisted of 27 inexperienced older women in taekwondo practice, aged between 60 and 70 years, randomly distributed into the experimental group (n=14) and Control Group (n=13). BMD, self-esteem, and body image were assessed. For the evaluation of self-esteem, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was utilized. For the evaluation of body images, the body image questionnaire was administered. RESULTS: The results showed that the practice of taekwondo improved (p<0.001) body image in the variables, including physical condition, body skills, and health, while the variable appearance showed no difference (p=0.581). CONCLUSION: The results of this experimental study indicate an improvement in the self-esteem and body image of older individuals practicing Taekwondo.

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BACKGROUND: Sexual function plays a very important role in the sexual health of people, and the determination of their related factors reflects the importance of paying attention to sexual function in the cultural context. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to the role of sexual self-esteem, sexual desire, and sexual assertiveness in the female sexual function. METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 592 married women of reproductive age referring to comprehensive health centers in Rasht city (North of Iran) and eligible for the inclusion criteria were selected by cluster random sampling. The data collection tools were demographic information form, Halbert's Sexual Rights Questionnaires, Women's Sexual Self-Esteem (short form), Halbert's Sexual Desire, and Female Sexual Function Index. Data analysis was done with descriptive and inferential statistical tests at a significant level (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation of sexual assertiveness, sexual desire, and sexual self-esteem scores were 56.79 ± 18.24, 49.12 ± 26.04, and 98.52 ± 6.11, respectively. Sexual assertiveness (p < 0.01, r = 0.13), sexual desire (p < 0.001, r = 0.178), sexual self-esteem (p < 0.01, r = 0.34) of the participants with the total score, and all areas of female sexual function had a significant positive correlation. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, there is a direct and statistically significant relationship between sexual assertiveness, sexual desire, the adaptability of sexual self-esteem, and family income with sexual function in participants. However, the unemployment of the spouse had a negative effect on the female sexual function.

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The purpose of the current study is to analyze how variations in suicidal ideation scores can relate to sleep quality, social media consumption, self-esteem, and perceived barriers to seeking psychological help in a sample of university students in Honduras. A quantitative cross-sectional design was used. Self-reported data was collected from a non-random sample of 910 university students in Honduras; their average age was 24.03 years (SD=6.05). Most respondents were women (67%) with men accounting for 33% of the sample. Measurements included item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, Barriers to Seeking Psychological Help Scale for College Students, and a self-reported questionnaire on social media. In response to the query, "Over the past two weeks, how frequently have you experienced thoughts that you would be better off dead or of hurting yourself?" 54% (n=495) of participants indicated "not at all" 18% (n=168) reported "several days" 14% (n=129) responded "more than half of the days" and 13% (n=118) stated "nearly every day". The results from the ordinal logistic regression model indicate that sleep quality and self-esteem serve as protective factors associated with decreased suicide ideation. At the same time, a higher number of social media platforms used per week and perceived barriers to seeking psychological help increase suicide ideation. Altogether, these variables explained 19% of the variance in suicidal ideation scores. Suicidal ideation is highly prevalent among the sampled university students.

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La adolescencia es un período crítico para el desarrollo de la autoestima, por ello, es importante que las instituciones educativas promuevan su desarrollo con la finalidad de que los estudiantes tengan los suficientes recursos protectores, de ajuste psicológico y social. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre la autoestima y la agresividad en un grupo de adolescentes peruanos. Materiales y métodos. La población estuvo conformada por estudiantes, el número de la muestra por selección aleatoria fue de 324 adolescentes, varones entre 11 y 17 años de edad. Se utilizó la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg y el cuestionario de agresión-AQ de Buss y Perry; el estudio es de nivel correlacional y el diseño de campo, transversal. Resultados. Mostraron que no existe relación significativa entre las variables, ambas se comportan independientemente, los niveles obtenidos en el estudio fueron medios altos y altos, la agresividad física y verbal fueron predominantes. Conclusiones. Los resultados señalan que no necesariamente por poseer niveles bajos de autoestima, el constructo agresividad se encuentra presente en niveles elevados.

Adolescence is a critical period for the development of self-esteem; therefore, it is important that educational institutions promote its development so that students have sufficient protective, psychological and social adjustment resources. Objective. To determine the relationship between self-esteem and aggressiveness in a group of Peruvian adolescents. Materials and methods. The population consisted of students, the number of the sample by random selection was 324 adolescents, males between 11 and 17 years of age. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Buss and Perry aggression-AQ questionnaire were used; the study was correlational and the field design was cross-sectional. Results. They showed that there is no significant relationship between the variables, both behave independently, the levels obtained in the study were medium high and high, physical and verbal aggression were predominant. Conclusions. The results indicate that the aggressiveness construct is not necessarily present at high levels because of low levels of self-esteem.

A adolescência é um período crítico para o desenvolvimento da autoestima, pelo que é importante que as instituições educativas promovam o seu desenvolvimento para que os alunos disponham de recursos de proteção, psicológicos e de ajustamento social suficientes. Objetivo. Determinar a relação entre a autoestima e a agressividade num grupo de adolescentes peruanos. Materiais e métodos. A população foi constituída por estudantes, o número da amostra por seleção aleatória foi de 324 adolescentes, do sexo masculino, entre os 11 e os 17 anos de idade. Foi utilizada a escala de autoestima de Rosenberg e o questionário de agressividade-AQ de Buss e Perry; o estudo foi correlacional e o desenho de campo foi transversal. Resultados. Mostraram que não há relação significativa entre as variáveis, ambas se comportam de forma independente, os níveis obtidos no estudo foram médio alto e alto, predominando a agressão física e verbal. Conclusões. Os resultados indicam que o constructo agressividade não está necessariamente presente em níveis elevados devido aos baixos níveis de autoestima.

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Antecedentes existe una relación entre el uso de Instagram y diferentes influencias e interacciones con el bienestar y salud mental de este grupo etario. Objetivo Reconstruir las representaciones sociales acerca de la red social Instagram de adultos emergentes con diferentes niveles de bienestar psicológico y autoestima corporal. Método redes semánticas naturales y entrevistas semiestructuradas fueron aplicadas a N=12 adultos emergentes (19 - 27 años) divididos en dos grupos según sus niveles de autoestima corporal y bienestar psicológico. El análisis de datos estuvo basado en análisis de redes semánticas naturales y algunos procedimientos de codificación teórica. Resultados se muestra la presencia del concepto de "acoso" como núcleo central de la representación social de Instagram en el grupo con baja autoestima corporal y bajo bienestar psicológico, a diferencia del grupo con alta autoestima corporal y alto bienestar psicológico en donde el núcleo central fue "red social". Conclusiones en los grupos estudiados, se encontraron dos representaciones sociales diferentes respecto de Instagram. Estos resultados pueden ser relevantes para aportar a llenar el vacío de conocimiento sobre los significados subjetivos colectivos de los adultos emergentes, teniendo implicancias en la mejor comprensión de las diversas formas de relación que establecen con esta y otras redes sociales.

Background There is a relationship between the use of Instagram and various influences and interactions with the well-being and mental health of this age group. Objective To reconstruct the social representations of the Instagram social network among emerging adults with different levels of psychological well-being and body esteem. Method Natural semantic networks and semi-structured interviews were conducted with N=12 emerging adults (19 - 27 years old) divided into two groups based on their body self-esteem and psychological well-being levels. Data analysis relied on natural semantic network analysis and theoretical coding. Results The concept of "harassment" is revealed as the central core of the social representation of Instagram in the group with low body self-esteem and low psychological well-being, unlike the group with high body esteem and high psychological well-being where the central core was the "social network" itself. Conclusions Two different social representations of Instagram were found in the studied groups. These results could contribute to filling the knowledge gap about the collective subjective meanings of emerging adults, impacting the better understanding of the diverse relationships they establish with this and other social networks.

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OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to determine the long-term satisfaction levels of women who have undergone breast augmentation and augmentation mastopexy procedures, while identifying the factors influencing patient satisfaction. METHODS: A self-reported retrospective case study design was used to collect data from women with breast implants. The study employed a survey that included demographic information, preoperative diagnosis, implant details, and patient-reported outcomes measured using the Breast-Q Instrument, which evaluates satisfaction with breasts, self-esteem, sexual well-being, and physical symptoms. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify correlations and differences in outcomes between the different variables. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 1022 women from 19 countries, with Chile, Mexico, and Colombia being the most represented. Augmentation was performed on 72.2% of the patients, while 27.7% underwent augmentation mastopexy. Patient satisfaction with breast size and shape varied significantly between the two procedures, with patients undergoing augmentation mastopexy showing less satisfaction. In addition, patients who were unaware of their implant shape or placement reported lower satisfaction scores. The study also found that patient satisfaction decreased over time in the augmentation mastopexy cases and that patients with high body mass index had lower satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Augmentation mastopexy in patients with breast ptosis yields lower satisfaction than augmentation alone. Dissatisfaction escalates with overweight/obesity (BMI), post-surgery time, and misinformation. Implant pocket (pre-vs. subpectoral), shape (round vs. anatomical), and size did not impact satisfaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

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INTRODUCTION: Depression is one of the most disabling diseases globally, with a high disease burden that generates high direct and indirect costs. The incidence of depression is twofold higher in adult women than in men. Biological and psychosocial factors constitute the pathophysiological bases of the condition and due to the complexity of the condition, current understanding is that the "treatment strategy must be multimodal". The objective of this study was to measure the effect of introducing the frequent use of makeup on improving depressive symptoms in adult women of medium-low purchasing power METHODS: Participants with the targeted profile who did not frequently use makeup were selected and randomised to receive (test group) or not (control group) stimuli and makeup products intended for encouraging the frequent use of makeup. The Zung Depression Self-Assessment Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms, with additional assessments on self-image perception using the mirror test and salivary cortisol level. RESULTS: The results demonstrated a sustained reduction in depressive symptoms (8.3 percentage points reduction in the Average Zung Index; P < 0.05), with a significant improvement in self-image perception (25% increase in the average score obtained in the mirror test; P < 0.05) and a specific influence on salivary cortisol levels (55% reduction in salivary cortisol concentration; P < 0.05) after the first makeup application. CONCLUSION: The results show that encouraging the frequent use of makeup, a practice that can be achieved by most people and which is simple and inexpensive to implement, can contribute to effective and sustainable improvement in the well-being and mental health of a significant portion of the population.

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Introducción: La autoestima es la valoración que las personas se hacen sobre sí mismas; manifiesta una actitud aprobatoria que señala la medida en que se consideran importantes, capaces, dignas y exitosas, es decir, un juicio de mérito. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de autoestima en adultos mayores. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal en 59 pacientes. Se estudiaron las variables sexo, grupos de edades, antecedentes patológicos personales y nivel de autoestima. Resultados: Se observó mayor representación del rango etario entre los 71 y 80 años de edad (n= 29; 49,1 %), sexo femenino (n= 30; 50,8 %). El antecedente patológico personal más frecuente fue la hipertensión arterial; se observó predominio del nivel medio de autoestima (n= 38; 64,4 %) y ningún paciente con baja autoestima (n= 0). Conclusiones: El nivel de autoestima predominante en adultos mayores es medio.

Introduction: Self-esteem is the assessment that people make about themselves; manifests an approving attitude that indicates the extent to which they consider themselves important, capable, worthy and successful, that is, a judgment of merit. Objective: To evaluate the level of self-esteem in older adults. Methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in 59 patients. The variables sex, age groups, personal pathological history and level of self-esteem were studied. Results: Greater representation was observed in the age range between 71 and 80 years of age (n= 29; 49.1%), female (n= 30; 50.8%). The most common personal pathological history was high blood pressure; A predominance of the medium level of self-esteem was observed (n= 38; 64.4%) and no patient with low self-esteem (n= 0). Conclusions: The predominant level of self-esteem in older adults is medium.

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Abstract Introduction Although the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of vulnerable populations, such as adolescent mothers, very few studies have documented the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) in this population. Objective a) Determine the frequency of PPD (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS] ≥ 9) in adolescent mothers before (AM-BP) and during (AM-DP) the pandemic, b) Examine psychosocial factors (self-esteem, maternal efficacy, social support, depression and anxiety in pregnancy, planned and wanted pregnancy) in AM-BP and AM-DP, and c) Determine whether being an AM-DP was a significant factor for experiencing PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). Method Cross sectional study. Subjects: Forty-one AM-BP recruited at Health Centers and interviewed face to face and forty-one AM-DP surveyed online. Results PPD (EPDS ≥ 9) was 42% (p = .001) more frequent in AM-DP. The groups differed significantly in all psychosocial factors, with AM-DP faring worse. Unadjusted regressions showed that being an AM-DP, having lower maternal efficacy and self-esteem, greater dissatisfaction with social support, and depression and/or anxiety in pregnancy increased PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). Adjusted multiple analysis indicated that lower self-esteem was the only factor to maintain its association with PPD (EPDS ≥ 9; p = .017). Discussion and conclusion The pandemic negatively affected PPD (EPDS ≥ 9) and psychosocial factors in AM-DP, as compared to AM-BP, with self-esteem being the main factor associated with PPD (EPDS ≥ 9). In situations of extreme stress as happened in the pandemic, the mental health of adolescent mothers should be prioritized to prevent negative effects such as PPD. PPD preventive and treatment interventions should consider strengthening self-esteem.

Resumen Introducción La pandemia por COVID-19 tuvo un impacto negativo en la salud mental de poblaciones vulnerables, como las madres adolescentes, no obstante, escasos estudios documentaron la prevalencia de depresión posparto (DPP) en esta población. Objetivo a) Conocer la frecuencia de DPP (Escala Edinburgh para la Depresión Postnatal [EPDS] ≥ 9) en madres adolescentes antes de la pandemia (MA-AP) y durante la pandemia (MA-DP), b) Examinar algunos factores psicosociales (autoestima, eficacia materna, apoyo social, depresión y ansiedad en el embarazo, embarazo planeado y deseado) en MA-AP y MA-DP, y, c) Analizar si ser MA-DP, fue un factor significativo para experimentar DPP (EPDS ≥ 9). Método Estudio transversal. Participantes: 41 MA-AP captadas en Centros de Salud y 41 MA-DP encuestadas en línea. Resultados La DPP (EPDS ≥ 9) fue 42% (p = .001) más frecuente en las MA-DP. Los grupos difirieron significativamente en todos los factores psicosociales, en detrimento de las MA-DP. Las regresiones no ajustadas mostraron que ser MA-DP, tener menor eficacia materna y autoestima, mayor insatisfacción con el apoyo social, y depresión y/o ansiedad en el embarazo incrementaron la DPP (EPDS ≥ 9). El análisis múltiple ajustado indicó que una menor autoestima fue el único factor que mantuvo su asociación con DPP (EPDS ≥ 9; p = .017). Discusión y conclusión La pandemia tuvo un efecto negativo en la DPP (EPDS ≥ 9) y en factores psicosociales en MA-DP; la autoestima fue el principal factor asociado a la misma. Ante situaciones de estrés extremo, la salud mental de madres adolescentes debería ser prioritaria para prevenir efectos negativos como la DPP. Intervenciones preventivas y de tratamiento de DPP deben fortalecer la autoestima.

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This research analyzed how addiction to social media relates to academic engagement in university students, considering the mediating role of self-esteem, symptoms of depression, and anxiety. A quantitative methodology was used with a non-experimental-relational design. A set of questionnaires was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 412 students enrolled at the National Autonomous University of Honduras. On average, participants use 4.83 different social media platforms at least once a week. Instagram and TikTok users report significantly higher levels of social media addiction, symptoms of depression, and anxiety compared to non-users. Directly, social media addiction does not significantly influence academic engagement scores. However, there are significant indirect inverse effects on academic engagement. Symptoms of depression and self-esteem mediate these effects. Social media addiction increases symptoms of depression, which in turn decreases academic engagement scores. Social media addiction decreases self-esteem, which serves as a variable that significantly increases academic engagement. Overall, findings suggest that social media addiction has a total inverse effect on academic engagement; symptoms of depression and self-esteem mediate this relationship. The implications of these findings are discussed.

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Resumo Objetivo Analisar a percepção de pessoas idosas em relação a sua imagem corporal e autoestima. Método Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva realizada com 28 pessoas idosas nos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social de Araucária, Paraná, Brasil. Foi aplicada entrevista com roteiro estruturado composto por 10 questões que abordavam os sentimentos em relação à estética no envelhecimento e às repercussões na autoestima. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando o software IRAMUTEQ®. Resultados A análise da percepção em relação à estética e autoestima no envelhecimento resultou em 5 classes: classe 1 (19,8%) "Relação autoestima x autoimagem", classe 2 (20,7%) "Sentimentos e sensações experimentadas", classe 3 (20,7%) "Aspectos além da aparência que influenciam a autoestima", classe 4 (18,1%) "Motivos para realizar cuidados estéticos" e classe 5 (20,7%) "Tipos de intervenções e cuidados estéticos". Elevada autoestima foi encontrada em uma população vulnerável economicamente. Muitas pessoas idosas relataram que com o envelhecimento houve mudanças na forma como são tratadas, entretanto, isso não foi percebido somente de forma negativa. Conclusão Embora a sociedade promova um padrão de beleza, as pessoas idosas conseguem viver de forma satisfatória, com elevada autoestima, sem serem influenciadas negativamente.

Abstract Objective To analyze the perception of older adults regarding their body image and self-esteem. Method A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study conducted with 28 older adults in the Social Assistance Reference Centers of Araucária, Paraná, Brazil. A structured interview with a questionnaire comprising 10 questions addressing feelings about aesthetics in aging and its repercussions on self-esteem was administered. Data analysis was performed using the IRAMUTEQ® software. Results The analysis of perception regarding aesthetics and self-esteem in aging resulted in 5 classes: Class 1 (19.8%) "Self-esteem vs. self-image", Class 2 (20.7%) "Feelings and sensations experienced", Class 3 (20.7%) "Aspects beyond appearance influencing self-esteem", Class 4 (18.1%) "Reasons for engaging in aesthetic care", and Class 5 (20.7%) "Types of interventions and aesthetic care". Elevated self-esteem was found in an economically vulnerable population. Many older adults reported changes in how they are treated with aging; however, this was not solely perceived negatively. Conclusion Despite societal promotion of a beauty standard, older adults can live satisfactorily with high self-esteem without being negatively influenced.

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El sano desarrollo sexual de los adolescentes tendrá como consecuencia una buena relación autoestima-sexualidad y una identidad sexual definida. Caracterizar la relación autoestima-sexualidad en los adolescentes de la Secundaria Básica "Paquito Rosales Benítez" del municipio Manzanillo en la provincia Granma. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el mes de junio del 2023. La muestra está integrada por los 113 estudiantes de noveno grado que representan el 31,9 %de la población de los alumnos de secundaria básica, esta muestra se selecciona de forma intencional. Se utiliza la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Sobre sexualidad se utiliza la encuesta, "Actitud hacia la sexualidad en el adolescente de la escuela básica "Emirio Fuen Mayor" y colegio la Salle, Mérida, 2003". El 60,2 % de los adolescentes tienen un nivel de autoestima baja. El sexo femenino presentó un 33,6 % con autoestima baja. El 23 % que alcanzar con un nivel de autoestima bajo; de ellos el10,6 % tuvieron una actitud sexual moderadamente objetiva. El 38,1 % que viven con la madre tienen una autoestima media. El 46,9 % son de padres divorciados con autoestima media. El 31,8 % del sexo femenino tienen una actitud sexual moderadamente objetiva. El 32,7 % que viven con sus madres tienen una actitud sexual moderadamente objetiva. El 28,3 % con actitud moderadamente objetiva sus padres son casados. Existe una relación significativa entre el nivel de autoestima y la actitud sexual de los adolescentes.

The healthy sexual development of adolescents will result in a good relationship between self-esteem and sexuality and a defined sexual identity. To characterize the self-esteem-sexuality relationship in adolescents of the "Paquito Rosales Benítez" Basic Secondary School in the municipality of Manzanillo in the province of Granma. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in June 2023. The sample is made up of the 113 ninth grade students who represent 31.9% of the population of elementary school students, this sample is selected intentionally. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is used. On sexuality, the survey is used, "Attitude towards sexuality in the adolescent of the basic school "EmirioFuen Mayor" and school La Salle, Mérida, 2003". The 60,2% of adolescents have a low level of self-esteem. The female sex presented a 33,6% with low self-esteem. 23,0% who achieved a low level of self-esteem; of these, 10,6% had a moderately objective sexual attitude. 38,1% who live with the mother have an average self-esteem. 46,9% are divorced parents with average self-esteem. 31.8% of females have a moderately objective sexual attitude. 32,7% who live with their mothers have a moderately objective sexual attitude. 28,3% with a moderately objective attitude their parents are married.There is a significant relationship between the level of self-esteem and the sexual attitude of adolescents.

O desenvolvimento sexual saudável dos adolescentes resultará emuma boa relação entre autoestima e sexualidade e uma identidde sexual definida. Caracterizar a relação entre autoestima e sexualidade em adolescentes da Escola Secundária Básica Paquito Rosales Benítez, no município de Manzanillo, província de Granma. Trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo, realizado emjunho de 2023. A amostra é composta por 113 alunos do nono ano que representam 31,9% da população de alunos do ensino fundamental e o ensino fundamental é selecionado intencionalmente. Utiliza-se a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Sobre sexualidade, utiliza-se a pesquisa "Atitude frente à sexualidade no adolescente da escola primária Émirio Fuen e da escola La Salle, Mérida, 2003". 60,2% dos adolescentes apresentam baixo nível de autoestima. Um total de 33,6% das mulheres apresentou baixa autoestima. 23% que atingiram baixo nível de autoestima; Destes, 10,6% tinha matitude sexual moderadamente objetiva. 38,1% que moram com a mãe têm autoestima média. 46,9% são de pais divorciados com autoestima média. 31,8% das mulheres têm uma atitude sexual moderadamente objetiva. 32,7% que moram com a mãe têm uma atitude sexual moderadamente objetiva. 28,3% com atitude moderadamente objetiva seus paissão casados. Existe umarelação significativa entre o nível de autoestima e a atitude sexual dos adolescentes.

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Social networks, particularly Facebook, influence romantic relationships, as they can generate jealousy and conflict between members of the couple. The Facebook Jealousy Scale (FJS) is an instrument that assesses jealousy about using Facebook, but no similar instrument is available in Colombia. The main aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the FJS in a Colombian sample of 485 men and 727 women. Participants answered the socio-demographic questionnaire, the adaptation of the Facebook Jealousy Scale, Romantic Partner Conflict Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Romantic Jealousy Scale. The final version of the FJS was made up of 15 items which were distributed across three dimensions: Partner's Activity, Partner's Surveillance, Partner's Romantic and Sexual relationship. Ordinal's alpha values from its three factors ranged between .90 and .95. Concurrent validity was also provided, as the measure was associated with dimensions from partner conflict, self-esteem, and romantic jealousy. An invariance test by gender was also performed, resulting in compliance with metric invariance. Therefore, the FJS is a useful tool for clinicians and researchers who work on issues related to romantic relationships. Research analyzing Facebook jealousy provides an interesting indicator of couple's monitoring and controlling behaviors, which are features of psychological abuse, a subtype of intimate partner violence.

Las redes sociales, particularmente Facebook, influyen en las relaciones sentimentales, ya que pueden generar celos y conflictos entre los miembros de la pareja. La Escala de Celos de Facebook (FJS) es un instrumento que evalúa los celos por el uso de Facebook, y no hay ningún instrumento similar disponible en Colombia. El objetivo principal fue examinar las propiedades psicométricas del FJS en una muestra colombiana de 485 hombres y 727 mujeres. Los participantes completaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la adaptación de la Escala de Celos de Facebook, la Escala de Conflicto de Pareja Romántica, la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg y la Escala de Celos Románticos. La versión final de la FJS estuvo conformada por 15 ítems que, a su vez, conformaron tres dimensiones: Actividad de la pareja, Vigilancia de la pareja, Relación romántica y sexual de la pareja. Los valores de alfa ordinal de los tres factores oscilaron entre .90 y .95. También se demostró validez concurrente con otras dimensiones relacionadas con conflicto en la pareja, autoestima y celos románticos. El análisis de invarianza según género resultó en un nivel de invarianza métrica. El FJS es una medida que puede ser útil para la práctica clínica y los investigadores que trabajan en temas relacionados con las relaciones románticas. La investigación que analice los celos asociados al Facebook ofrecerá un interesante indicador de la supervisión en el contexto de pareja y las conductas de control, elementos clave del abuso psicológico, un subtipo de la violencia de pareja.

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Introduction/Objectives: COVID-19 has had a significant emotional impact on people's lives, especially adolescents. Therefore, the aim was to assess the predictors of suicide risk during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents in Ecuador by means of a longitudinal study. Method: The application of a longitudinal design with two measures: before the start of the pandemic and one year afterwards. The sample consisted of 137 adolescents between 12-18 years of age. The variables analysed were mental health, the risk of suicide and self-esteem. Statistical analyses were performed using mean comparison, correlations, QCA models and mediation models. Results: The results indicated higher levels of anxiety and stress after one year of the pandemic. In addition, a higher risk of suicide following the pandemic was observed in those adolescents with higher scores in emotional symptomatology and low self-esteem. QCA models and mediation models highlighted the importance of self-esteem as a protective variable between pre-COVID-19 suicide risk and emotional symptomatology and post-COVID-19 suicide risk. Conclusions: This study highlights adolescents' level of vulnerability to the pandemic and its significant psychological impact. It is important to detect which factors function as risks and which as protection against COVID-19 in order to implement intervention programmes that target these aspects and ensure better adolescent well-being.

Introducción/Objetivos: La COVID-19 tuvo un impacto emocional en la vida de las personas, especialmente en la adolescencia. El objetivo fue evaluar los predictores de riesgo de suicidio en adolescentes en Ecuador por medio de un estudio longitudinal. Método: Se trata de un diseño longitudinal con dos medidas: antes del inicio de la pandemia y un año después. La muestra fue de 137 adolescentes entre 12 y 18 años. Las variables analizadas fueron la salud mental, el riesgo de suicidio y la autoestima. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron mediante comparación de medias, correlaciones, modelos QCA y modelos de mediación. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron mayores niveles de ansiedad y estrés después de un año de la pandemia. Se observó un mayor riesgo de suicidio tras la pandemia en aquellos adolescentes con puntuaciones más altas en sintomatología emocional y baja autoestima. Los modelos QCA y los modelos de mediación destacaron la importancia de la autoestima como variable protectora en el riesgo postsuicidio. Conclusiones: Este estudio pone de manifiesto el nivel de vulnerabilidad de los adolescentes ante la pandemia y su importante impacto psicológico. Es importante detectar qué factores funcionan como riesgos y cuáles como protección frente al COVID-19 para implementar programas de intervención.

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Resumen Objetivos. Identificar si existen mejoras en la interacción social de jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual a través del uso de una metodología basada en el juego de rol. Método. Se realizó un estudio de diseño mixto a partir de un programa de intervención breve, de ocho sesiones de duración, con un total de siete participantes. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizaron técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas como la observación sistemática, la observación directa no sistematizada y la Escala de Autoevaluación de Habilidades Sociales. Resultados. La intervención arrojó resultados modestos. La prueba W de Wilcoxon muestra diferencias significativas a nivel general. Las observaciones evidencian cambios en los comportamientos de los participantes, sobre todo en lo referente a respuestas alternativas a la agresión, la cuales fueron rápidamente sustituidas por estrategias pacíficas y actitudes dialogantes.

Abstract Objectives. The objective of this study was to identify if there are improvements in social interaction in young people with intellectual disabilities, using a methodology based on role playing. Method. A mixed design study based on a brief intervention program of eight sessions, with a total of seven participants, was used. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used for data collection: systematic observation, non-systematized direct observation and the Social Skills Self-Assessment Scale. Results. The intervention yielded modest results. The Wilcoxon W test shows significant differences at the general level. Observations show changes in participants' behaviors, especially in terms of alternative responses to aggression, which were quickly replaced by peaceful strategies and dialogic attitudes.

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A autoestima é um termo muito utilizado pelas pessoas no senso comum, mas ainda são necessários mais estudos para entendê-lo sob o ponto de vista comportamental. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de textos da Análise do Comportamento a respeito de autoestima. Foi realizada uma busca em três fontes diferentes: periódicos exclusivos de Análise do Comportamento; as coleções de livros Sobre Comportamento e Cognição e Comportamento em Foco; e na Scielo. No total, 16 textos preencheram os critérios, que eram a) ter a palavra "autoestima" no título b) ser um texto da Análise do Comportamento. Foram discutidas as definições de autoestima utilizadas, os participantes dos estudos, os estímulos usados em testes de medida implícita e os principais resultados. Nenhum dos textos analisados utilizou intervenções voltadas ao aumento da autoestima. Apesar de serem textos da abordagem comportamental, muitos dos estudos utilizam apenas definições e instrumentos não comportamentais. As principais conclusões da revisão foram: 1) ainda existem poucos estudos sobre autoestima na Análise do Comportamento; 2) ainda não existe uma definição comportamental bem construída, especialmente na literatura internacional.

Self-esteem is a term that is widely used in common sense, but more studies are still needed to understand it from a behavioral point of view. The objective of this study was to carry out a review of Behavior Analysis papers regarding self-esteem. A search was conducted in three different sources: Behavior Analysis journals; the book collections Sobre Comportamento e Cognição and Comportamento em Foco; and on Scielo. In total, 16 texts met the criteria, which were a) having the word "self-esteem" in the title and b) being a Behavior Analysis text. We discuss the definitions of self-esteem used, the participants in the studies, the stimuli used in the implicit measurement tests and the main results. None of the analyzed texts used interventions aimed to increase self-esteem. Even though they are texts of the behavioral approach, many of the studies only use non-behavioral definitions and instruments. The main conclusions of the review were: 1) there are still few studies on self-esteem in Behavior Analysis; 2) there is still no well-constructed behavioral definition, especially in international literature.

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BACKGROUND: Cochlear implants are standard of care for the patients with sensorineural hearing loss not benefited from hearing aids. AIMS: Evaluate qualitatively the impact of cochlear implantation in the long-term. MATERIALS-METHODS: Thirty middle-class patients with similar patterns of loss and social environment averaging 20 years post-implantation responded to 52 questions that evaluated psychosocial benefits from cochlear implantation. RESULTS: All completed secondary education and 93% had postgraduate studies. Educational and workwise they are at the same level as their hearing counterparts. All use their cochlear implants and would recommend one to people who need it. They attribute their success to the implant, the rehabilitation program, their family, and a stimulating social environment. Despite their success, most experience difficulties relating with others (socially and at work) due to their hearing condition. They manage but work much harder than their hearing peers to achieve the same. CONCLUSIONS: We made a difference in the lives of these patients, however, there is more to be done. SIGNIFICANCE: Early intervention, rehabilitation, plus family, and stimulating-environment are crucial in children with sensory deficits.

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RESUMEN Introducción: El bullying, es un comportamiento perjudicial en contextos escolares, afectando la vida de los estudiantes. Objetivo: Identificar y comparar indicadores de comportamiento desajustado en estudiantes con diferente propensión al bullying. Metodología: Este estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo utilizó encuestas y un diseño comparativo seguido de correlacional para evaluar comportamientos desajustados (estrés, baja autoestima, incivismo, desajuste familiar, propensión a la violencia) en estudiantes secundarios de Lima y Callao. La muestra no probabilística incluyó 1345 estudiantes de primer y segundo año, divididos en dos grupos según su propensión al bullying (alto -Grupo E- y bajo -Grupo C-). Se aplicaron escalas de los inventarios INDACPS y la Escala de Propensión al Bullying (EPB), analizando los datos con SPSS v.25 y Jamovi. Las diferencias entre grupos se evaluaron mediante la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, y la correlación de variables se determinó con la correlación de Spearman. Resultados: El Grupo E tuvo niveles más altos de estrés, baja autoestima, incivismo, desajuste familiar y propensión a la violencia, con significancia estadística (p<0,001) en comparación al Grupo C. Se encontraron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la propensión al bullying y estos indicadores, siendo más fuertes en la muestra total (p<0,001). Además, se observaron diferencias significativas por sexo en estrés, baja autoestima, desajuste familiar y propensión a la violencia, pero no en incivismo y propensión al bullying. Conclusión: Los estudiantes con mayor propensión al bullying exhiben mayores niveles de estrés, baja autoestima, incivismo, desajuste familiar y propensión a la violencia. Lo que resalta la relevancia de intervenciones integrales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bullying is harmful behavior in school contexts, affecting students' lives. Objective: To identify and compare indicators of maladjusted behavior in students with different propensities to bullying. Methodology: This descriptive and quantitative study used surveys and a comparative followed by correlational design to assess maladjusted behaviors (stress, low self-esteem, incivility, family maladjustment, propensity to violence) in secondary students from Lima and Callao. The non-probabilistic sample included 1345 first and second-year students, divided into two groups based on their bullying propensity (high -Group E- and low -Group C-). Scales from the INDACPS inventories and the Bullying Propensity Scale (BPS) were applied, analyzing data with SPSS v.25 and Jamovi. Differences between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and variable correlation was determined using Spearman's correlation. Results: Group E had higher levels of stress, low self-esteem, incivility, family maladjustment, and propensity to violence, with statistical significance (p<0.001) compared to Group C. Statistically significant correlations were found between the propensity to bullying and these indicators, being stronger in the total sample (p<0.001). Additionally, significant gender differences were observed in stress, low self-esteem, family maladjustment, and propensity to violence, but not in incivility and bullying propensity. Conclusion: Students with a higher propensity to bullying exhibit higher levels of stress, low self-esteem, incivility, family maladjustment, and propensity to violence, underscoring the importance of comprehensive interventions.

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Body image in individuals with visible physical disabilities appears to be an important area of research and investigation, which has received little attention over the years. The purpose of the current descriptive, cross-sectional study was to investigate relationships between the body image construct, possible media influences on body image satisfaction, self-esteem, and the novel variable of situational body image dysphoria in individuals with visible physical disabilities. One hundred fifty-four men and women responded to the measures of interest. Results indicated that appearance satisfaction, weight-related anxiety, pressures from the media, and the internalization of the thin ideal were significant predictors of situational body image dysphoria. Additionally, when controlling for type of disability, females face more difficulties concerning only some of the variables of interest. These findings have important implications for practice with regards to screening measures, the education of healthcare professionals, as well as intervention and rehabilitation programs.

La imagen corporal en personas con discapacidades físicas visibles parece ser un área importante de investigación y estudio, que ha recibido poca atención a lo largo de los años. El propósito del presente estudio transversal descriptivo fue investigar las relaciones entre la construcción de la imagen corporal, las posibles influencias de los medios en la satisfacción con la imagen corporal, la autoestima y la nueva variable de disforia situacional de la imagen corporal en personas con discapacidades físicas visibles. Ciento cincuenta y cuatro hombres y mujeres respondieron a las medidas de interés. Los resultados indicaron que la satisfacción con la apariencia, la ansiedad relacionada con el peso, las presiones de los medios y la internalización del ideal de delgadez fueron predictores significativos de la disforia situacional de la imagen corporal. Además, cuando se controla por el tipo de discapacidad, las mujeres enfrentan más dificultades con respecto a solo algunas de las variables de interés. Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones importantes para la práctica con respecto a las medidas de detección, la educación de los profesionales de la salud, así como los programas de intervención y rehabilitación.