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This study analyzed a total of 260 confirmed scorpion stings reported in the city of Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon, from 1990 to 2020. Cases were mapped according to the GPS location of their occurrence and plotted on a satellite image of the city. The stings generally occurred close to green areas, and the hotspots of stings moved north as city grew into that direction over time. Spatial analysis shows that scorpion stings mostly occur in poor, recently urbanized areas. The rapid and unplanned urbanization of originally forested areas, without offering adequate infrastructure and services, creates favorable conditions for infestation by scorpions and increases the risk of scorpion stings.
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Picadas de Escorpião , Escorpiões , Urbanização , Brasil/epidemiologia , Picadas de Escorpião/epidemiologia , Humanos , Animais , Cidades , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Pré-EscolarRESUMO
The impact of Covid-19 on envenomations by venomous animals in countries heavily affected by both conditions has not been quantified yet. Brazil shows high incidence of envenomations by scorpions, spiders and snakes and was heavily affected by waves of Covid-19. To determine how the pandemic impacted the epidemiology of envenomations by those three groups of venomous animals, we used online databases from two surveillance sources on number of cases and mortality. During the years before and during the pandemic, scorpion stings typically occurred in adults of both sexes in urban zones in the Southeast and Northeast regions. Spider bites occurred mainly in the South region, in adults of both sexes in urban zone. Snakebites affected mainly rural adult men in the Amazon. Between 2007 and 2021, overall incidence of cases by scorpions, spiders and snakes decreased after the beginning of the pandemic, snakebites did not show changes after the pandemic started in Brazil, but cases by scorpions and spiders decreased. No changes in the incidence of deaths were observed. On national level, Covid-19 affected some demographic, clinical and epidemiological aspects in cases by scorpions, spiders and snakes.
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COVID-19 , Picadas de Escorpião , Mordeduras de Serpentes , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Humanos , Mordeduras de Serpentes/epidemiologia , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Incidência , Picadas de Escorpião/epidemiologia , Picada de Aranha/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Criança , SARS-CoV-2 , Escorpiões , Serpentes , Pandemias , IdosoRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la implementación de una intervención educativa con elementos de Educación Popular en Salud sobre el empoderamiento y los cambios en salud para la prevención de la picadura de alacrán, en mujeres del municipio de Tetecala, Morelos. Material y métodos: La intervención educativa se realizó en mujeres adscritas al programa PROSPERA, con 16 participantes, así, consistió en cinco sesiones de manera semanal, con tiempo de dos horas, aproximadamente, cada una. Se realizó un triple diagnóstico sobre los conocimientos y las causas de la picadura de alacrán, con esa información, se diseñan los principales componentes de la estrategia educativa (1. Conocimiento del alacrán; 2. Riesgos para la picadura de alacrán; 3. Prevención de la picadura de alacrán), lo que se lleva a cabo en los meses de febrero y marzo del 2019. Se evalúan dos categorías, empoderamiento y cambios en salud, ahondando en elementos descritos por Noelle Wiggins, mediante metodología mixta. Las mediciones se realizan al mismo grupo previo y posterior a la intervención educativa; la evaluación cualitativa se realiza mediante el análisis de registro etnográfico, asimismo, la parte cuantitativa se aplica cuestionario sobre conocimientos y prácticas. Resultados: Se identifican cambios en elementos de empoderamiento, así como cambios en salud. Conclusiones: Emplear elementos de Educación Popular en Salud tiene efectos similares a estrategias donde se emplea la metodología pura, así, en la prevención de la picadura de alacrán, muestra resultados similares con otros problemas en salud.
Abstract Objective: To evaluate implementation of an educational initiative with elements of Popular Health Education on empowerment and changes in health for prevention of scorpion stings, in women from municipality of Tetecala, Morelos. Material and methods: Educational initiative was carried out in women assigned to PROSPERA program, with 16 participants. It consisted of 5 weekly sessions, with a time of approximately 2 hours each. A diagnosis was made on the knowledge and causes of the scorpion sting, with this information the main components of educational strategy were designed (1. Knowledge of scorpion; 2. Risks for scorpion sting; 3. Prevention of scorpion sting). It was carried out in the months of February and March 2019. Two categories, empowerment and changes in health, were evaluated, delving into elements described by Noelle Wiggins, using a mixed methodology. The measurements were made to the same group before and after educational initiative. Qualitative evaluation was carried out by analyzing ethnographic record. Quantitative part was applied questionnaire on knowledge and practices. Results: Changes in elements of empowerment were identified, as well as changes in health. Conclusions: Using elements of Popular Health Education has similar effects than strategies where pure methodology is used. In the prevention of Scorpion stings, it showed similar results to other health problems.
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Objective: to describe the completeness of notifications of accidents involving venomous animals held on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (SINAN), in Brazil and its macro-regions, from 2007 to 2019. Methods: we analyzed essential and non-mandatory fields for snakebite, spider bite and scorpion sting notifications, considering the following completeness categories: Excellent (≤ 5.0% incompleteness), Good (5.0% to 10.0%), Regular (10.0% to 20.0%), Poor (20.0% ≤ 50.0%) and Very Poor (> 50.0%). Proportional change in completeness between 2007 and 2019 was estimated. Results: 1,871,462 notifications were investigated. The "localized manifestations", "systemic manifestations", "case classification", "case progression" and "zone of occurrence" fields had excellent or good completeness. Completeness was regular or poor for the "schooling" and "race/color" fields. The "occupation" field was predominantly poorly or very poorly filled in. There was a proportional worsening in completeness ((VP < 0) in most regions for the "zone of occurrence", "case progression" and "schooling" fields. Conclusion: completeness of most fields improved, although socioeconomic and occupational fields require more attention.
Objetivo: describir la completitud de las notificaciones de envenenamiento por serpientes, arañas y escorpiones en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración - Sinan, en Brasil y regiones, de 2007 a 2019. Métodos: se analizaron campos esenciales y no obligatorios para las notificaciones de ofidismo, aracneismo y escorpionismo, considerando las categorías de completitud: Excelente (≤ 5,0% de incompletitud), Buena (5,0% a 10,0%), Regular (10,0% a 20,0%), Mala (20,0% ≤ 50,0%) y Muy mala (> 50,0%). Se estimó el cambio proporcional en la completitud entre 2007-2019. Resultados: se investigaron 1.871.462 notificaciones. Los campos "manifestaciones locales y sistémicas", "zona de ocurrencia", "clasificación y evolución de casos" presentaron excelente o buena completitud. "Escolaridad" y "raza/color de piel" regular o mala completitud. "Ocupación" fue predominantemente mala/muy mala completitud. "Zona","evolución" y "escolaridad" mostraron empeoramiento proporcional en la completitud en la mayoría de las regiones ((VP < 0). Conclusión: hay mejoría y completitud en la mayoría de los campos, aunque los campos socioeconómico y ocupacional demandan atención.
Objetivo: descrever a completude das notificações de acidentes causados por animais peçonhentos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, no Brasil e macrorregiões, em 2007-2019. Métodos: analisou-se a completude de campos de preenchimento essenciais e não obrigatórios das notificações de ofidismo, araneísmo e escorpionismo, utilizando-se a classificação de "Excelente" (≤ 5,0% de incompletude), "Bom" (5,0% a 10,0%), "Regular" (10,0% a 20,0%), "Ruim" (20,0% e ≤ 50,0%) e "Muito ruim" (> 50,0%); estimou- -se a variação proporcional (VP) da completude. Resultados: foram investigadas 1.871.462 notificações; os campos "manifestações locais", "sistêmicas", "classificação do caso", "evolução do caso" e "zona de ocorrência" apresentaram completude excelente ou boa; "escolaridade" e "raça/cor da pele", completude regular ou ruim; ocupação, completude ruim ou muito ruim; "zona", "evolução do caso" e "escolaridade" apresentaram piora proporcional na completude, na maioria das regiões ((VP < 0). Conclusão: melhorou a completude na maioria dos campos, exceto socioeconômicos e ocupacionais, que demandam maior atenção.
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Humanos , Animais , Mordeduras e Picadas/epidemiologia , Sistemas de Informação em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Confiabilidade dos Dados , Picada de Aranha , Mordeduras de Serpentes , Brasil/epidemiologia , Picadas de Escorpião , Animais PeçonhentosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize scorpion accidents at the Information and Toxicological Assistance Center (CIATox) in Campinas, to analyze risk factors related to the moderate and severe classification, and to determine the age group at greatest risk for this classification. Method: Cross-sectional and retrospective study, with patients assisted in person at CIATox, who had a scorpion accident, from January 2015 to December 2019. Descriptive and inferential analysis was conducted. For the age variable, a ROC curve was constructed to determine cutoff points in relation to the severity classification. Poisson regression models were adjusted considering severity classification as the dependent variable. Results: A total of 754 cases with a mean age of 36.05 years, mostly female and non-occupational accidents that occurred in the urban area, was analyzed. The most frequent scorpion was the Tityus serrulatus. The risk factors found for greater severity were age group up to 22 years and previous care in other health services. Conclusion: The age range up to 22 years old should be used as a predictive factor of severity in the clinical evaluation of patients stung by scorpions to carry out adequate management of cases.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar los accidentes de escorpiones en el Centro de Información y Asistencia Toxicológica (CIATox) de Campinas, analizar los factores de riesgo relacionados con la clasificación moderada y severa y determinar el grupo etario de mayor riesgo para esta clasificación. Método: Estudio transversal y retrospectivo, con pacientes atendidos presencialmente por el CIATox, que sufrieron un accidente de escorpión, desde enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2019. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial. Para la variable edad se construyó una curva ROC con el fin de determinar puntos de corte en relación a la clasificación de severidad. Los modelos de regresión de Poisson se ajustaron considerando la clasificación de severidad como variable dependiente. Resultados: Se analizaron 754 casos con edad media de 36,05 años, en su mayoría mujeres y accidentes no laborales ocurridos en la zona urbana. El escorpión más frecuente fue el Tityus serrulatus. Los factores de riesgo encontrados para mayor gravedad fueron el grupo etario hasta 22 años y la atención previa en otros servicios de salud. Conclusión: El grupo etario hasta los 22 años debe ser utilizado como factor predictivo de severidad en la evaluación clínica de los pacientes picados por escorpiones para realizar un manejo adecuado de los casos.
RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar os acidentes escorpiônicos do Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica (CIATox) de Campinas, analisar fatores de risco relacionados à classificação moderada e grave e determinar faixa etária de maior risco para esta classificação. Método: Estudo transversal e retrospectivo, com pacientes atendidos presencialmente pelo CIATox, que sofreram acidente escorpiônico, de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2019. Foi realizada análise descritiva e inferencial. Para a variável idade foi construída uma curva ROC com o intuito de determinar pontos de corte em relação à classificação de gravidade. Foram ajustados modelos de regressão Poisson considerando a classificação de gravidade como variável dependente. Resultados: Foram analisados 754 casos com idade média de 36,05 anos, maioria do sexo feminino e acidentes não ocupacionais ocorridos na zona urbana. O escorpião mais frequente foi o Tityus serrulatus. Os fatores de risco encontrados para maior gravidade foram faixa etária até 22 anos e atendimento prévio em outros serviços de saúde. Conclusão: A faixa etária até 22 anos deve ser usada como fator preditivo de gravidade na avaliação clínica dos pacientes picados por escorpião para realização de manejo adequado dos casos.
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Humanos , Enfermagem , Fatores de Risco , Picadas de EscorpiãoRESUMO
ABSTRACT We report the first pediatric case of a Jaguajir agamemnon scorpion sting. This case occurred in the state of Paraná and is the first record of this species in southern Brazil. The patient was admitted within 15 min, with pain, local edema, erythema, whole-body pruritus, and tongue paresthesia within the first two hours, which disappeared thereafter. The patient's condition was considered mild, with a positive outcome, and she recovered completely.
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Introducción: En el Ecuador se desconoce la frecuencia, los factores de riesgo, el efecto preciso de las picaduras de escorpión, sus toxinas, la fisiopatología e interacción con la población. Objetivo: Registrar la incidencia de las picaduras de escorpión, el cuadro clínico, su manejo y las limitaciones para la obtención del antídoto en Ecuador. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, en el cual se recolectaron datos como edad, sexo, residencia, sitio corporal de picadura, cuadro clínico, tratamiento, estancia médica, referencia a unidad de mayor complejidad, morbilidad y mortalidad, durante el periodo entre enero de 2016 y noviembre de 2018 en la población amazónica del cantón Taisha, provincia de Morona Santiago, Ecuador. Resultados: Se evaluaron 134 picaduras de escorpión, las cuales predominaron en personas adultas (70,9 %). La región corporal más frecuente de picadura fue en las extremidades superiores e inferiores (92,5 %) y el nivel de intoxicación grave correspondió al 12,7 %. La estacionalidad de las picaduras de escorpión predominó en los meses de octubre, abril, diciembre y marzo. La presentación de la morbilidad anual fue mayor en el año 2017 (52,9 %). Conclusiones: Existe una alta incidencia de picaduras de escorpión en la zona de estudio. En el Ecuador la accesibilidad al antídoto es limitada, por lo que es necesario realizar más investigaciones en el tema, incluyendo intervenciones preventivas y curativas.
Introduction: In Ecuador, the frequency, risk factors, precise effects, toxins, pathophysiology and interaction with the population of scorpion stings are unknown. Objective: To report on the incidence of scorpion stings, its clinical picture and management, and the limitations for obtaining an antidote in Ecuador. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted and data was collected on the age, gender, place of residence, site of sting, clinical picture, treatment, hospital stay, referral to higher complexity unit, morbidity, and mortality from January 2016 to November 2018 in the Amazonian population from Taisha canton, Morona-Santiago province in Ecuador. Results: 134 scorpion stings were evaluated. Most cases were adults (70.9%). The most frequent region stung by scorpions were the upper and lower extremities (92.5%) and severe intoxication level accounted for 12.7% of cases. The highest incidence of scorpion stings occurred in October, April, December and March. Annual morbidity was higher in 2017 (52.9%). Conclusions: There is a high incidence of scorpion Sting in the area under study. Accessibility to an antidote is limited in Ecuador; therefore, further research on this topic and on preventive and curative interventions are necessary.
Assuntos
HumanosRESUMO
Abstract Accidents caused by scorpions represent a major health problem on planet, both in individual terms and in the public health sphere. Morbid events can occur in different manifestations, and different clinical conditions must be differentiated for adequate treatment. In addition to the potential injury to human hosts, scorpion venom has been investigated for the therapy of several illnesses. Based on these aspects, the present article aims to present the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic aspects of scorpionism.
Resumen Los accidentes causados por escorpiones representan un problema mayor de salud pública tanto en términos de daños individuales como en la esfera de la salud pública. Los eventos mórbidos pueden ocurrir con diferentes manifestaciones y condiciones clínicas que deben ser diferenciadas para un manejo adecuado. Ade más del daño potencial que ocasionan a los humanos, el veneno del escorpión ha sido estudiado con el fin de analizar su potencia aplicación para le tratamiento de algunas enfermedades. Este articulo presenta una actualización sobre los aspectos clínicos, terapéuticos y profilácticos del escorpionismo.
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Abstract Objectives: to analyze the epidemiological and clinical aspects of accidents caused by venomous animals in children under 15 years old. Methods: a cross-sectional study with an analytical component using secondary data from Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica de Pernambuco (CIATox-PE), (Poison Center in Pernambuco)), in 2017 to 2019. Notifications of accidents caused were included in the studied age group and evaluated the characteristics of poisoning (animal classification, exposure zone, place and time of the occurrence and specific use of serum therapy), and of the patient (sociodemographic variables, clinical condition and evolution). The analysis performed in STATA® 13.1 presents frequency distribution tables and Pearson's chi-square for comparison. Results: of the 2678 notifications, 82,8% were scorpionism and 10, 8% snakebite. The age group of1 to 9 years old (70.5%) and being male (54.1%) were predominant. Most of the cases occurred in urban area (80.9%), in Recife (67.3%), inside the victim's residence (83.9%) and at night (47.3%). The majority (87.1%) were classified as 'mild severity', 10% received antivenom therapy and one died (by scorpionism). Two cases of snakebite in the workplace were registered. Conclusion: there was a high frequency of accidents caused in the urban area, which may be related to the lack of urban planning and sanitary education. The accidents caused among children in the household environment and the suspicion of child labor in the age group of 10 to 14 years old were also highlighted which favors the development and habits of the venomous animal.
Resumo Objetivos: analisar aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos dos acidentes por animais peçonhentos em menores de 15 anos. Métodos: estudo transversal com componente analítico utilizando dados secundários do Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica de Pernambuco (CIATox-PE), no período de 2017 a 2019. Foram incluídas as notificações dos acidentes na faixa etária estudada e avaliadas características do envenenamento (classe do animal, zona de exposição, local/turno da ocorrência e uso soroterapia específica) e do paciente (variáveis sociodemográficas, gravidade clínica e evolução). A análise realizada no STATA® 13.1 apresenta tabelas de distribuição de frequência e qui-quadrado de Pearson para comparação. Resultados: das 2678 notificações, 82,8% foram de escorpionismo e 10,8% de ofidismo. Predominaram na faixa etária de 1a 9 anos (70,5%) e sexo masculino (54,1%);ocorreram principalmente na zona urbana (80,9%),no Recife(67,3%), na residência da vítima (83,9%), durante horário noturno (47,3%). A maioria (87,1%) foi classificada como de gravidade leve, 10% receberam soroterapia e ocorreu um óbito (escorpionismo). Registraram-se dois casos de ofidismo em ambiente de trabalho. Conclusão: ressaltam-se os acidentes intradomiciliares entre crianças e a suspeita de trabalho infantil na faixa etária de 10 a 14anos.Os acidentes ocorreram sobretudo na zona urbana provavelmente associado à falta de planejamento e educação sanitária que favorece o desenvolvimento e hábitos do animal peçonhento.
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Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Mordeduras de Serpentes/epidemiologia , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Picadas de Escorpião/epidemiologia , Animais Peçonhentos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: describir las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y paraclínicas de los pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Universitario de Neiva, entre los años 2014 y 2018 e identificar los factores de riesgo que se asocien con la mortalidad. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo. Se calcularon las medias, la desviación estándar, frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Se realizó un análisis de normalidad con el Test de Shapiro-Wilk. Se evaluó la asociación de diferentes variables sociodemográficas y clínicas con el riesgo de mortalidad usando regresión logística. Resultados: se registraron 305 eventos, predominantemente leves (117 casos). El 2018 fue el año con mayor número de reportes (35,45 %). La mayoría eran personas jóvenes con una edad media de 17 años, principalmente de los 0 a 11 años (61 %). Más del 90% eran pacientes residentes del departamento Huila y más de la mitad (67 %) pertenecían al régimen subsidiado. La mayoría de las picaduras ocurrieron durante el día, siendo las extremidades la ubicación más frecuentemente reportada (82 %). Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre un cuadro grave y la mayor necesidad de UCI. Conclusiones: el escorpionismo es un problema de salud pública infravalorado en Colombia. La población pediátrica tiene mayor riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones y síntomas graves en la escorpiotoxicosis. Un cuadro grave en cualquier edad aumenta la probabilidad de ingreso a una UCI, requerimiento frecuente de soporte hídrico e inotrópico y la necesidad de antihipertensivos, al igual que dosis elevadas de antiveneno.
SUMMARY Objective: To describe the sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the patients treated at the Neiva University Hospital between 2014 and 2018, and identify risk factors that are associated with mortality. Materials and Methods: Observational, analytic retrospective, study. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. Normality analysis was performed with the Shapiro-Wilk Test. The relationship of different sociodemographic and clinical variables and the risk of mortality were evaluated using logistic regression. Results: 305 events were registered, predominantly mild (117 cases), being 2018 the year with the highest number of reports (35.45%). Most were young people, with a mean age of 17 years, mainly between 0-11 years (61%). More than 90% resided in the Huila department and more than half (67%) belonged to the subsidized regime. Most bites occurred during the day, with the extremities being the most frequently reported location (82%). A statistically significant association was found between a severe condition and an increased need for an ICU. Conclusions: Scorpionism is an undervalued public health problem in Colombia. The pediatric population is at increased risk of developing severe complications and symptoms in scorpiotoxicosis. A severe condition at any age increases the probability of ICU admission, more frequent requirement for inotropic and liquids supply, and the use of antihypertensive drugs and high doses of anti-venom.
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Humanos , Mortalidade , Picadas de Escorpião , Escorpiões , Sinais e Sintomas , Mordeduras e Picadas , Saúde Pública , Relatório de PesquisaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Scorpion envenoming is relatively frequent in tropical and subtropical regions and potentially fatal. We aimed to identify risk factors for fatal scorpion envenoming among Brazilian children. METHODS: A case-control study investigated all fatal cases of scorpion envenoming among children up to 10 y old, reported to the Brazilian Diseases Surveillance System between 1 January 2007 and 18 July 2016. Controls were randomly sampled from children who survived the envenoming over this period. Data were analysed using logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 254 cases and 1083 controls investigated, the identified risk factors were age ≤5 y, occurred in a rural area, time-to-treatment ≥3 h, treatment with scorpion antivenom (SAV) but either excessive or insufficient number of vials, treatment with antivenom that was neither SAV nor anti-spider and no antivenom administered compared with the standard recommended treatment. Treatment effectiveness at preventing fatal scorpion envenoming was 77.0% when time-to-treatment was <3 h and 75% in children 9-10 y of age. SAV was 63% effective at preventing death when administered early at the recommended dosage. CONCLUSIONS: Fatal scorpion envenoming was associated with younger age, incident occurring in a rural area, late treatment and inadequate antivenom treatment. SAV was effective at preventing death when administered early.
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Picadas de Escorpião , Venenos de Escorpião , Animais , Antivenenos/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Picadas de Escorpião/tratamento farmacológico , Picadas de Escorpião/epidemiologia , EscorpiõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although scorpionism is recorded worldwide, some regions such as Iran present a higher incidence. Due to the great prevalence of scorpion stings in Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran, the present study examined the relationship between different climate parameters and the scorpion sting rate in this area from April 2010 to March 2015. METHODS: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, we considered all scorpion sting cases recorded in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Data were analyzed using statistics, frequency distribution and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: A total of 104,197 cases of scorpion stings was recorded from 2010 to 2015. The cumulative incidence of scorpion sting was 2.23%. The spatial distribution of scorpion stings showed that most cases occurred in the Dehdez district (4,504 scorpion stings/100,000 inhabitants) and the Masjed Soleyman county (4,069 scorpion stings/100,000 inhabitants). A significant association was found between climate factors (temperature, evaporation rate, sunshine duration, humidity, and precipitation) and the scorpion sting rate. An increase in rainfall and humidity coincided with a reduction in scorpion stings whereas an increase in temperature, evaporation, and sunshine duration was accompanied by a growth of scorpion stings. No significant correlation was found between wind velocity/direction and the incidence rate of stings. Moreover, the seasonal peak incidence of scorpion stings was recorded in summer (an average of 8,838 cases) and the lowest incidence was recorded during winter (an average of 1,286 cases). The annual trend of scorpion sting cases decreased during the period from 2010 to 2015. CONCLUSION: Climate variables can be a good index for predicting the incidence of scorpion stings in endemic regions. Since they occur mostly in the hot season, designing preventive measures in the counties and districts with a high incidence of scorpion stings such as Dehdez and Masjed Soleyman can minimize mortality and other burdens.
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Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico do escorpionismo em crianças, no Estado de Pernambuco, nos anos de 2015 a 2019. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, de caráter exploratório, cujo dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (fichas de notificação preenchidas no período de 2015 a 2019). A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 20.0. Resultados: Entre 2015 e 2019 foram registrados 17.825 acidentes com escorpiões em crianças de até 14 anos no Estado de Pernambuco. A faixa etária mais acometida foi a de 5 a 9 anos (32,70%). Crianças de 0 a 4 anos de idade apresentaram duas vezes mais chances de apresentar quadro clínico grave (p: <0,001; OR: 2,353; IC95%:1,650 4,782). Conclusão: Houve uma elevada taxa de agravos no período analisado, especialmente em crianças em início de vida escolar, suscitando medidas de prevenção mais eficazes.(AU)
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of scorpionism in children, in the State of Pernambuco, in the years 2015 to 2019. Methods: This is an ecological, exploratory study, whose data were extracted from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (data sheets). notification completed from 2015 to 2019). Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. Results: Between 2015 and 2019 there were 17,825 accidents involving scorpions in children up to 14 years old in the State of Pernambuco. The most affected age group was 5 to 9 years old (32.70%). Children from 0 to 4 years of age were twice as likely to have a severe clinical condition (p: <0.001; OR: 2.353; 95% CI: 1.650 - 4.782). Conclusion: There was a high rate of injuries in the analyzed period, especially in children at the beginning of school life, giving rise to more effective prevention measures.(AU)
Objetivo: Analizar el perfil epidemiológico del escorpionismo en niños, en el estado de Pernambuco, en los años 2015 a 2019. Métodos: Este es un estudio exploratorio ecológico, cuyos datos fueron extraídos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades Notificables (fichas técnicas). notificación completada de 2015 a 2019). El análisis de los datos se realizó utilizando el Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versión 20.0. Resultados: Entre 2015 y 2019 se produjeron 17,825 accidentes con escorpiones en niños de hasta 14 años en el estado de Pernambuco. El grupo de edad más afectado fue el de 5 a 9 años (32,70%). Los niños de 0 a 4 años tenían el doble de probabilidades de tener una enfermedad clínica grave (p: <0,001; OR: 2,353; IC del 95%: 1,650 - 4,782). Conclusión: Hubo una alta tasa de lesiones en el período analizado, especialmente en niños al inicio de la vida escolar, dando lugar a medidas de prevención más efectivas.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Perfil de Saúde , Incidência , Sistemas de Informação em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Picadas de Escorpião/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Monitoramento EpidemiológicoRESUMO
Although scorpionism is recorded worldwide, some regions such as Iran present a higher incidence. Due to the great prevalence of scorpion stings in Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran, the present study examined the relationship between different climate parameters and the scorpion sting rate in this area from April 2010 to March 2015. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, we considered all scorpion sting cases recorded in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Data were analyzed using statistics, frequency distribution and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: A total of 104,197 cases of scorpion stings was recorded from 2010 to 2015. The cumulative incidence of scorpion sting was 2.23%. The spatial distribution of scorpion stings showed that most cases occurred in the Dehdez district (4,504 scorpion stings/100,000 inhabitants) and the Masjed Soleyman county (4,069 scorpion stings/100,000 inhabitants). A significant association was found between climate factors (temperature, evaporation rate, sunshine duration, humidity, and precipitation) and the scorpion sting rate. An increase in rainfall and humidity coincided with a reduction in scorpion stings whereas an increase in temperature, evaporation, and sunshine duration was accompanied by a growth of scorpion stings. No significant correlation was found between wind velocity/direction and the incidence rate of stings. Moreover, the seasonal peak incidence of scorpion stings was recorded in summer (an average of 8,838 cases) and the lowest incidence was recorded during winter (an average of 1,286 cases). The annual trend of scorpion sting cases decreased during the period from 2010 to 2015. Conclusion: Climate variables can be a good index for predicting the incidence of scorpion stings in endemic regions. Since they occur mostly in the hot season, designing preventive measures in the counties and districts with a high incidence of scorpion stings such as Dehdez and Masjed Soleyman can minimize mortality and other burdens.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Estações do Ano , Mordeduras e Picadas , Clima , Picadas de EscorpiãoRESUMO
Background: Although scorpionism is recorded worldwide, some regions such as Iran present a higher incidence. Due to the great prevalence of scorpion stings in Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran, the present study examined the relationship between different climate parameters and the scorpion sting rate in this area from April 2010 to March 2015. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, we considered all scorpion sting cases recorded in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Data were analyzed using statistics, frequency distribution and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: A total of 104,197 cases of scorpion stings was recorded from 2010 to 2015. The cumulative incidence of scorpion sting was 2.23%. The spatial distribution of scorpion stings showed that most cases occurred in the Dehdez district (4,504 scorpion stings/100,000 inhabitants) and the Masjed Soleyman county (4,069 scorpion stings/100,000 inhabitants). A significant association was found between climate factors (temperature, evaporation rate, sunshine duration, humidity, and precipitation) and the scorpion sting rate. An increase in rainfall and humidity coincided with a reduction in scorpion stings whereas an increase in temperature, evaporation, and sunshine duration was accompanied by a growth of scorpion stings. No significant correlation was found between wind velocity/direction and the incidence rate of stings. Moreover, the seasonal peak incidence of scorpion stings was recorded in summer (an average of 8,838 cases) and the lowest incidence was recorded during winter (an average of 1,286 cases). The annual trend of scorpion sting cases decreased during the period from 2010 to 2015. Conclusion: Climate variables can be a good index for predicting the incidence of scorpion stings in endemic regions. Since they occur mostly in the hot season, designing preventive measures in the counties and districts with a high incidence of scorpion stings such as Dehdez and Masjed Soleyman can minimize mortality and other burdens.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Estações do Ano , Mordeduras e Picadas , Clima , Picadas de EscorpiãoRESUMO
Justificativa e objetivos: apesar dos avanços na área assistencial, os acidentes por animais peçonhentos ainda são um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Entre os anos de 2015 e 2016, a região Sudeste apresentou o maior número de notificações, e Minas Gerais foi o estado com mais ocorrências. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características epidemiológicas dos acidentes por animais peçonhentos notificados entre 2008 e 2017 no município de Patrocínio, Minas Gerais. Métodos: estudo descritivo retrospectivo realizado por meio da análise das informações das fichas de notificação do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) de vítimas de acidentes por animais peçonhentos ocorridos durante os anos de 2008 a 2017 em Patrocínio. Resultados: foram registrados 1.084 casos, a maioria ocasionada por escorpiões (47,23%), seguida por serpentes (17,07%), aranhas (15,31%) e abelhas (11,07%). Sobre as vítimas, constatou-se o predomínio de homens (63,10%) na faixa etária entre 20 a 39 anos (32,56%). A maior parte dos acidentes foi classificada como leve (89,11%) e a cura ocorreu em 98,80% dos casos; um evoluiu para óbito. Conclusão: embora os acidentes por animais peçonhentos não apresentem altas taxas de letalidade no município estudado, a incidência desse agravo de saúde tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Além disso, informações epidemiológicas atualizadas podem contribuir com ações de políticas públicas e informar a população local sobre os riscos iminentes.(AU)
Background and objectives: despite advances in health care, accidents involving venomous animals are still a major public health problem in Brazil. Between 2015 and 2016, the Southeast region had the highest number of notifications, and Minas Gerais was the state with more occurrences. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of accidents by venomous animal notified between 2008 and 2017 in the municipality of Patrocínio, Minas Gerais. Methods: this is a retrospective descriptive study conducted by analyzing the information from reporting forms of the Notifiable Diseases Information System for victims of accidents with venomous animals occurred during the years 2008 to 2017 in Patrocínio. Results: in total, 1084 cases were recorded, mostly caused by scorpions (47.23%), followed by snakes (17.07%), spiders (15.31%) and bees (11.07%). There was a predominance of male victims (63.10%), aged between 20-39 years (32.56%). Most accidents were classified as mild (89.11%) and the cure occurred in 98.80% of cases; one evolved to death. Conclusion: although accidents with venomous animals do not have high mortality rates in the municipality studied, the incidence of this health problem has increased in recent years. In addition, this updated epidemiological information may contribute to public policy actions and inform the local population about imminent risks.(AU)
Justificación y objetivos: a pesar de los avances en salud, los accidentes de animales venenosos siguen siendo un importante problema de salud pública en Brasil. Entre 2015 y 2016, la región sudeste tuvo el mayor número de notificaciones y Minas Gerais fue el estado con más casos. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características epidemiológicas de los accidentes por animales venenosos notificados entre 2008 y 2017 en el municipio de Patrocínio, Minas Gerais. Métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo llevado a cabo mediante el análisis de la información de los formularios de notificación del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades Notificables de víctimas de accidentes con animales venenosos que ocurrieron durante los años 2008 a 2017 en Patrocínio. Resultados: se registraron 1084 casos, en su mayoría causados por escorpiones (47.23%), seguidos de serpientes (17.07%), arañas (15.31%) y abejas (11.07%). Predominaron las víctimas del sexo masculino (63,10%), con edades entre 20 y 39 años (32,56%). La mayoría de los accidentes se clasificaron como leves (89,11%) y la curación se produjo en el 98,80% de los casos; uno evolucionó hasta la muerte. Conclusiones: aunque los accidentes con animales venenosos no tienen altas tasas de mortalidad en el municipio estudiado, la incidencia de este problema de salud ha aumentado en los últimos años. Además, esta información epidemiológica actualizada puede contribuir a las acciones de política pública e informar a la población local sobre los riesgos inminentes.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Picada de Aranha/epidemiologia , Mordeduras de Serpentes/epidemiologia , Picadas de Escorpião/epidemiologia , Animais Peçonhentos , Perfil de Saúde , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar conhecimentos e práticas dos profissionais de enfermagem na atenção primária. Método: estudo exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido de fevereiro a março de 2018, com 20 enfermeiros de Unidades de Saúde da Família, da Paraíba, Brasil, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, submetida à técnica de análise temática. Resultados: verificou-se que os enfermeiros não desenvolvem uma assistência sistematizada, mas pontual, com base nos sinais e sintomas do quadro leve, e transferem ao serviço de referência a responsabilidade pelo atendimento ao caso, por desconhecimento das condutas estabelecidas para o acidentado. Ademais, 19 enfermeiros não realizam ações educativas para a prevenção dos acidentes e repassam a responsabilidade ao sistema de vigilância em saúde. Conclusão: são necessárias a implementação de programas de treinamentos, a elaboração de Procedimento Operacional Padrão e a realização de educação em saúde para os profissionais, a fim de melhorar a assistência às vítimas de picadas escorpiônicas.
RESUMEN: Objetivo: evaluar los conocimientos y las prácticas de los profesionales de enfermería en la atención primaria. Método: estudio exploratorio-descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, desarrollado de febrero a marzo de 2018 con 20 enfermeros de Unidades de Salud de la Familia de Paraíba, Brasil, por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas, sometidas a la técnica del análisis temático. Resultados: se verificó que los enfermeros no ofrecen asistencia sistematizada, sino más bien puntual, en función de las señales y de los síntomas del cuadro leve, y que transfieren al servicio de referencia la responsabilidad de manejar el caso por desconocer las conductas establecidas para atender a la víctima. Además, 19 enfermeros no realizan ninguna acción educativa para prevenir los accidentes, además de transferir la responsabilidad al sistema de vigilancia de la salud. Conclusión: es necesario implementar programas de capacitación, elaborar un Procedimiento Operativo Estándar, y realizar acciones de educación en salud para los profesionales, a fin de mejorar la asistencia que se presta a las víctimas de picaduras de escorpión.
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and practices of nursing professionals in primary care. Method: An exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach developed from February to March 2018 with 20 nurses from Family Health Units in Paraiba, Brazil, through semi-structured interviews, submitted to the thematic analysis technique. Results: It was verified that the nurses do not develop systematized care, but a punctual one, based on the signs and symptoms of the mild condition, and transfer the responsibility for handling the case to the reference service, due to lack of knowledge of the guideline established for the victim. In addition, 19 nurses do not carry out educational actions to prevent accidents and pass on the responsibility to the health surveillance system. Conclusion: The implementation of training programs, the elaboration of the Standard Operating Procedure, and the provision of health education for the professionals are necessary in order to improve the care provided to victims of scorpion bites.
RESUMO
Abstract Objective: To describe elements of vulnerabilities and clinical manifestations of the victims of scorpionism in Santarem-Pará. Method: Quantitative and qualitative study with a theoretical framework of Twenty-eight patients stung by scorpions were interviewed by applying a semi-structured instrument. Data were analyzed according to the technique of discourse analysis. Results: Seventeen patients (60.7%) were male and eight (28.6%) were illiterate. Twenty-two (78.5%) patients were small farmers. This study revealed that these patients had an important individual, social and programmatic vulnerability. Interviews revealed limited knowledge about prevention and first aid after the envenomation. Programmatic vulnerability is highlighted because there is difficulty in accessing health services due to the great geographical extension of the Amazon region and also a lack of experience of the health care workers in caring for scorpion sting victims. Conclusion: This research accurately reveals previously described neuromuscular and sensory nervous system disorders in these victims of scorpionism. As far as we know, this is the first study that addresses the vulnerability of scorpionism using qualitative methodology.
Resumo Objetivo: Descrever elementos de vulnerabilidades e manifestações clínicas das vítimas de escorpionismo em Santarém-Pará. Método: Estudo quantitativo e qualitativo, com referencial teórico de 28 pacientes picados por escorpiões, foram entrevistados mediante aplicação de instrumento semiestruturado. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com a técnica de análise de discurso. Resultados: Dezessete pacientes (60,7%) eram do sexo masculino e oito (28,6%) eram analfabetos. Vinte e dois (78,5%) pacientes eram pequenos agricultores. O estudo revelou que esses pacientes apresentavam uma importante vulnerabilidade individual, social e programática. As entrevistas revelaram conhecimento limitado sobre prevenção e primeiros socorros após o envenenamento. A vulnerabilidade programática é destacada porque há dificuldade no acesso aos serviços de saúde devido à grande extensão geográfica da região amazônica e também à falta de experiência dos profissionais de saúde no atendimento às vítimas de picadas de escorpião. Conclusão: Esta pesquisa revela com precisão os distúrbios neuromusculares e sensoriais do sistema nervoso descritos anteriormente nessas vítimas de escorpionismo. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro estudo que aborda a vulnerabilidade do escorpionismo usando metodologia qualitativa.
Resumen Objetivo: Describir los elementos de vulnerabilidades y manifestaciones clínicas de las víctimas del escorpionismo en Santarem-Pará. Método: Estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo, con marco teórico de veintiocho pacientes picados por escorpiones, que fueron entrevistados mediante la aplicación de un instrumento semiestructurado. Los datos fueron analizados de acuerdo con la técnica de análisis del discurso. Resultados: Diecisiete pacientes (60.7%) eran hombres y ocho (28.6%) eran analfabetos. Veintidós (78,5%) pacientes eran pequeños agricultores. Este estudio reveló que estos pacientes tenían una importante vulnerabilidad individual, social y programática. Las entrevistas revelaron el reduzido conocimiento sobre la prevención y primeros auxilios después del envenenamiento. La vulnerabilidad programática se destaca porque hay dificultades para acceder a los servicios de salud debido a la gran extensión geográfica de la región amazónica y también la falta de experiencia de los trabajadores de salud en el cuidado de las víctimas de picaduras de escorpiones. Conclusión: Esta investigación eviencio con exactitud los trastornos neuromusculares y sensoriales del sistema nervioso descritos anteriormente en estas víctimas del escorpionismo. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer estudio que aborda la vulnerabilidad del escorpionismo utilizando la metodología cualitativa.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Vulnerabilidade em Saúde , Picadas de Escorpião , Enfermagem em Saúde Pública , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Resumo Objetivo: descrever o perfil epidemiológico do escorpionismo e investigar fatores associados à gravidade dos casos no Extremo Sul Baiano, Brasil. Métodos: estudo descritivo, com dados dos acidentes escorpiônicos notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) entre 2010 e 2017; calculou-se a razão de chances (odds ratios [OR]) na investigação de fatores associados aos casos graves. Resultados: foram notificados 3.055 casos, 411 deles graves (13,5%), com dez óbitos; a maior incidência aconteceu em 2017 (1,3 por 1 mil hab.); predominaram casos na zona rural (62,5%), no sexo masculino (70,1%), na faixa etária de 20-49 anos (51%) e em pessoas negras (84%); receberam soroterapia 22,7% dos acidentados; os quadros graves foram mais frequentes entre menores de 15 anos (OR=3,26; IC95%2,55;4,74) e acidentados na zona rural (OR=1,40; IC95%1,10;1,78). Conclusão: houve aumento da incidência do escorpionismo; a gravidade dos casos foi associada à menor idade e ocorrência na zona rural.
Resumen Objetivo: describir el perfil epidemiológico del escorpionismo e investigar los factores asociados con la gravedad de los casos en el extremo sur de Bahia, Brasil. Métodos: estudio descriptivo con datos sobre accidentes escorpiónicos reportados en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación de 2010 a 2017; se calcularon las razones de probabilidad (odds ratio, OR) en la investigación de los factores asociados a los casos graves. Resultados: se reportaron 3.055 casos, de los cuales 411 fueron graves (13,5%), con 10 muertes; la mayor incidencia fue en 2017 (1,3 por 1000 habitantes); los casos predominaron en las zonas rurales (62,5%), en hombres (70,1%), de 20 a 49 años (51%) y en personas de raza negra (84%); el 22,7% de los heridos recibió seroterapia; los casos graves fueron más frecuentes entre niños menores de 15 años (RP=3,26 - IC95%2,55;4,74) y lesionados en áreas rurales (RP=1,40 - IC95%1,10;1,78). Conclusión: hubo una mayor incidencia de escorpionismo; la gravedad de los casos se asoció a una edad más joven y a áreas rurales.
Abstract Objective: to describe the epidemiological profile of scorpionism and to investigate factors associated with case severity in the Far South of Bahia, Brazil. Methods: this was a descriptive study using data on scorpion accidents reported on the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (SINAN) from 2010 to 2017; odds ratios (OR) were calculated to investigate factors associated with severe cases. Results: 3,055 cases were reported, of which 411 (13.5%) were severe and included 10 deaths; highest incidence occurred in 2017 (1.3 per 1,000 inhabitants); cases predominated in rural areas (62.5%), among males (70.1%), those aged 20-49 years (51%), and Black people (84%); 22.7% of those stung received serotherapy; severe cases were more frequent among children under 15 years old (OR=3.26; 95%CI 2.55;4.74), and people stung in rural areas (OR=1.40; 95%CI 1.10;1.78). Conclusion: scorpionism incidence increased; case severity was associated with younger people and occurrence in rural areas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Escorpiões , Acidentes , Picadas de Escorpião , Zona Rural , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Incidência , Doenças NegligenciadasRESUMO
Although underreported across the Amazon region, scorpion stings are very prevalent in some areas and can be potentially life-threatening, especially in children. The most vulnerable populations are those living in locations far from the capitals, hence having limited access to the health system where the appropriate structure for the treatment of severe cases is found. An abundant and diverse fauna of scorpions is found in the region, but few studies have been conducted to decipher the clinical characteristics and therapeutic response of the available antivenoms in envenomings caused by the various species. Antivenom underdosage as well as delayed medical assistance are common among indigenous populations, resulting in poor outcome rates. An in depth understanding of the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of scorpion sting envenomings in the Amazon is necessary to improve the outcome of these cases.