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RESUMO: Este estudo objetivou identificar, sistematizar e avaliar quais estratégias têm sido utilizadas na Análise do Comportamento para o ensino de comportamentos pré-requisito do empatizar a crianças diagnosticadas com autismo. Para isso, realizaram-se as seguintes etapas: definição das palavras-chave e das bases de dados; estabelecimento dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão dos artigos; busca e seleção de artigos; e análise de dados que consistiu na análise da qualidade individual e geral dos artigos e na sistematização e análise de dados dos artigos (e.g., ano de publicação, procedimento empregado etc.). Foram selecionados 11 artigos para análise. Em todos os artigos, houve o ensino de uma ou mais respostas empáticas, mas apenas dois deles utilizaram a terminologia "empatia" na descrição do objetivo. A falta de consenso na definição do termo dificulta que textos sobre empatia sejam encontrados. Quanto à qualidade dos artigos recuperados, ela foi avaliada como alta. Diante da importância do tema, sugere-se que estudos futuros realizem buscas mais abrangentes sobre o ensino do empatizar para crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA).
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to identify, systematize and evaluate which strategies have been used in Behavior Analysis to teach pre-requisite behaviors for empathizing in children with autism. For this, the following steps were performed: definition of keywords and databases; establishment of inclusion and exclusion criteria for the articles; search and selection of articles; and data analysis, which consisted of analyzing the individual and general quality of the articles and systematizing and analyzing the data of the articles (e.g., year of publication, procedure used, etc.). Eleven articles were selected for analysis. All articles taught one or more empathetic responses, but only two of them used the terminology "empathy" in the objective description. The lack of consensus on the definition of the term makes it difficult to find texts on empathy. As for the quality of the retrieved articles, it was evaluated as high. Given the importance of the topic, it is suggested that future studies develop more embracing searches on teaching empathy for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon and may involve different risk and protective factors, as well as people of different sexual orientations, including gay men. Despite scientific evidence of the high prevalence of victimization and perpetration of this phenomenon, IPV in gay men is still largely invisible. The aim of this study was to map the risk and protective factors related to IPV among gay cis men based on a literature review. The Scopus, PsycNET, Pubmed, BVS-Psi, and SciELO databases were searched to retrieve articles published between 2018 and 2022. Thematic analysis was used to map the risk and protective factors of the 29 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Among the results, most studies investigated the risk factors for victimization of IPV, despite showing the high prevalence of bidirectionality in IPV among gay men. In addition, multiple risk and protective factors (individual, relational, and socio-community) have been shown to be associated with IPV among gay men. Mapping risk and protective factors for IPV at different ecological levels makes it possible to identify a more accurate profile of gay men's vulnerabilities, in addition to enabling the construction of more systemic interventions, which are multisectoral with specific prevention strategies, for IPV among gay men.
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BACKGROUND: Perinatal grief is one of the most complex and devastating types of mourning for both mothers and fathers; however, there is still little research on the psychological impact on men who experience it. Therefore, the objective of this study was to summarize and synthetize the existing literature on the way men's grief is experienced. METHODS: A search was carried out to examine three databases for articles published in the last four years; 56 articles were obtained, and 12 were retained for analysis. RESULTS: Four common themes were found: the men's experience of grief, their role as fathers, the impact of the death, and their needs regarding grief and how to face it. CONCLUSIONS: There is also a need for discussion of the importance of validating perinatal grief in men and studies that examine it without social gender stigmas in order to provide them with effective emotional support.
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Pai , Parto , Masculino , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Pai/psicologia , Pesar , Mães , HomensRESUMO
RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo: (I) identificar o estado de arte das publicações sobre intervenções assistida por animais (IAA) na América Latina; e (II) realizar a avaliação crítica da qualidade metodológica dos estudos clínicos sobre IAA na América Latina. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo. Os dados foram coletados nas bases Redalyc, SciELO, LILACS, Periódicos CAPES e BIREME. Atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade 146 artigos, sendo 34 submetidos ao Método de Avaliação Crítica de Estudos da Colaboração Cochrane. Os estudos abrangeram o período de 1997 a 2021, principalmente produzidos no Brasil, com delineamentos do tipo estudos de revisão, de caso e descritivo. Em relação aos estudos clínicos, a população infantil foi o maior público submetido às IAA. Equinos e canídeos e representaram as principais espécies de coterapeutas. Parte significativa dos estudos de intervenção demonstrou critérios de replicabilidade, porém constatou-se a ausência de rigor metodológico, limitando a possibilidade de avaliação da eficácia das intervenções. Este estudo aponta o potencial uso da IAA na América Latina e aumento do número de produções ao longo do tempo; todavia, sugere-se que estudos futuros privilegiem a utilização de metodologia experimental, como os ensaios clínicos randomizados, de forma a permitir a avaliação da eficácia das IAA.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to: (I) to identify the state of the art of publications on animal-assisted interventions (AAI) in Latin America; and (II) to critically evaluate the methodological quality of clinical studies on AAI in Latin America. This is a scoping review. Data were collected from Redalyc, SciELO, LILACS, CAPES Journal Portal and BIREME. Eligibility criteria allowed the inclusion of 146 articles, 34 of which were submitted to the Cochrane Collaboration Method of Critical Appraisal of Studies. The studies covered the period from 1997 to 2021, mainly produced in Brazil, and designed as review, case, and descriptive studies. Regarding clinical studies, the child population was the largest population submitted to AAI. Horses and canidae represented the main cotherapists species. A significant part of the intervention studies demonstrated replicability criteria; however, there was a lack of methodological rigor, limiting the possibility of evaluating the effectiveness of the interventions. This study points to the potential use of AAI in Latin America and an increase in the number of studies over time; however, it is suggested that future studies should emphasize the use of experimental methodology, such as randomized clinical trials, in order to allow the evaluation of the effectiveness of AAI.
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Resumo Avaliar por meio de uma revisão de escopo estudos que abordam a percepção e atitude do cirurgião-dentista diante do atendimento a mulheres em situação de violência. Utilizando os descritores women violence, dentist attendence ou dentist care, foram identificados 473 artigos, sendo incluídos 13, ao final da seleção. Embora a necessidade de capacitação tenha sido predominante, ela não é suficiente. Existe uma fragilidade em se compreender a violência como problema de saúde, de entender o papel do profissional na solução desse problema, os fatores que podem contribuir com seu crescimento ou seu controle. Os resultados revelaram que o cirurgião-dentista apresentou maior dificuldade do que os outros profissionais no enfrentamento e exigem um amplo aprendizado. O reconhecimento dos referidos casos pelo cirurgião-dentista exige a incorporação de medidas educativas que provoquem mudanças culturais, desconstrução de normas de gênero e a desnaturalização desse fenômeno social.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate, through a scope review, studies that address the perceptions and attitudes of dentists regarding the care of women in situations of violence. Using the descriptors women violence, dentist attendance or dentist care, 473 articles were identified, of which 13 were included at the end of the selection process. Although the need for training was predominant, it was not sufficient. There is a weakness in understanding violence as a health problem, in understanding the role of the professional in solving this problem, and the factors that can contribute to its growth or its control. The results revealed that the dentist had greater difficulty than other professionals in coping with the issue and required extensive training. The recognition of these cases of abuse by the dentist requires the incorporation of educational measures that cause cultural changes, deconstruction of gender norms and the denaturalization of this social phenomenon.
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OBJECTIVE: This review proposes a neurobiological model for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) associated with stress and anxiety. METHODS: An electronic search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Articles published up to 2020 were selected. The search terms were the following: temporomandibular disorders, anxiety, stress, neurobiology of stress and anxiety, and orofacial pain. RESULTS: In total, there were 100 studies, which presented a total of 10 different analyses. The results were described, demonstrating the type of analysis that was performed on each item analyzed for a better understanding of the context. CONCLUSION: The conclusion is that the interactions between the masticatory system, temporomandibular joints (TMJs), and stomatognathic apparatus with "stress neuromatrix," "pain neuromatrix," "limbic system," and "neuroimmunoendocrine system" would produce the range of changes observed in neural connectivity and the diversity of symptoms presented in TMD.
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Introdução: A crise global do refúgio do final do século XX e início do século XXI constitui a pior crise nesse campo desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Há cerca de 244 milhões de migrantes internacionais no mundo, dos quais 25,9 milhões são refugiados. Devido aos conflitos ocorridos na Síria, o refúgio dos árabes tornou-se um dos epicentros do problema. A Síria hoje é o país que mais apresenta refugiados no mundo, com 6,7 milhões. A Síria, a Palestina, o Iraque e Líbano são os países de origem que mais solicitaram refúgio no Brasil entre os anos 2007 a 2017. A própria condição de refúgio e suas diferentes fases são condicionantes de vulnerabilidade que incidem sobre o processo saúde-doença. Objetivo: Mapear e analisar as vulnerabilidades de refugiados árabes no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma Revisão de Escopo. Foram analisados estudos publicados nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, no período de 2011 a 2019, nas bases de dados: COCHRANE, SCOPUS, Health System Evidence, MedLine-PubMed-, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, SciELO, NYAM Grey Literature, Banco de teses e dissertações CAPES, Refworld e Journal of Refugee Studies. A análise dos dados foi realizada à luz do conceito de vulnerabilidade. Resultados e discussão: Após buscas realizadas com duas estratégias, foram encontrados 854 estudos. Com base nos critérios de inclusão e de exclusão restaram 40 artigos para análise e extração dos indicadores de vulnerabilidade. Em relação à dimensão individual foram constatadas altas taxas de desemprego, moradias instáveis e superlotadas, falta de saneamento e de acesso à água, agravos de saúde mental, gastrointestinais, nutricionais, dermatológicos, neurológicos, musculoesqueléticos, odontológicos, relacionados à gestação e à primeira infância, além de doenças transmissíveis e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Na dimensão programática foram identificadas equipes de saúde com sobrecarga de trabalho, com falta de preparo para lidar com as barreiras culturais e linguísticas. Também se verificou longas horas de espera para o atendimento, alto custo da Atenção Primária à Saúde, falhas na atualização do calendário vacinal e na busca ativa de pacientes em programas voltados às doenças crônicas, assim como políticas de saúde que revogam direito ao acesso a saúde. Em relação à dimensão social, constatou-se falta de acesso às escolas, à informação sobre os programas de saúde dos países de acolhida, aos direitos, e participação limitada na economia local. Conclusão: Todas as dimensões de vulnerabilidade se fizeram presentes, identificadas por meio dos indicadores estudados. Os elementos de vulnerabilidade evidenciam desigualdade e desvantagem dos refugiados perante os programas, serviços e sistema de saúde nos países de acolhida. Nesse sentido, aponta-se a necessidade de programas e políticas que considerem tais elementos de vulnerabilidade, e promovam ações, no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde, que reconheçam e respondam às necessidades de saúde dos refugiados. Também se aponta a necessária abordagem em saúde na perspectiva do conceito de vulnerabilidade, sobretudo na dimensão social, o que implica em reconhecer que a situação desse grupo social decorre fundamentalmente, de processos estruturais que envolvem embate de poder entre países.
Introduction: The global crisis of the late twentieth and early twenty-first century refuge is the worst crisis in this field since World War II. There are about 244 million international migrants in the world of which 25.9 million are refugees. Due to the conflicts in Syria, the refuge of the Arabs has become one of the epicenters of the problem. Today, Syria is the world's largest refugee country with 6.7 million. Syria, Palestine, Iraq and Lebanon are the countries of origin that most sought asylum in Brazil between 2007 and 2017. The condition of refuge itself and its different phases are conditions of vulnerability that affect the health-disease process. Objective: To map and analyze the vulnerabilities of Arab refugees in the context of Primary Health Care. Methodology: This is a Scope Review. Studies published in English, Spanish and Portuguese from 2011 to 2019, have been analyzed in the following databases: COCHRANE, SCOPUS, Health System Evidence, MedLine-PubMed-, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, SciELO, NYAM Grey Literature, Bank of theses and dissertations CAPES, Refworld e Journal of Refugee Studies. Data analysis was performed in light of the concept of vulnerability. Results and discussion: After researching with two strategies, 854 studies were found. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria 40 articles remained for analysis and extraction of vulnerability indicators. Regarding the individual dimension, high unemployment rates, unstable and overcrowded housing, poor sanitation and access to water, mental health, gastrointestinal, nutritional, dermatological, neurological, musculoskeletal, dental, pregnancy-related and early childhood problems were found as well as communicable diseases and non-communicable chronic diseases. In the programmatic dimension health teams were identified with work overload, lack of preparation to deal with cultural and language barriers. There were also long waiting hours for care, high cost of Primary Health Care, failures to update the vaccination schedule and the active search of patients in programs focused on chronic diseases besides health policies that revoke the right to access to health. Regarding the social dimension, there was a lack of access to schools, information about the health programs of the host countries, rights and limited participation in the local economy. Conclusion: All dimensions of vulnerability were presented, identified through the indicators studied. The elements of vulnerability highlight the inequality and disadvantage of refugees towards the program, services and health system in the host countries. In this sense, there is a need for programs and policies that consider such elements of vulnerability and promote actions within the scope of Primary Health Care that recognizes and responds to the health needs of refugees. It also points out the necessary approach to health from the perspective of the concept of vulnerability especially in the social dimension, which implies recognizing that the situation of this social group derives fundamentally from structural processes that involve a clash of power between countries.