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La escoliosis idiopática del Adolescente (EIA) es una deformidad tridimensional de la columna vertebral que aqueja de diversas formas la condición de vida de quien la padece, afectando el desarrollo físico y psicológico del paciente. Proponemos evaluar el resultado clínico, radiológico y el componente de calidad de vida de pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente con EIA, en el servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Jesús Yerena del Lídice. Se evaluó patrón de la curva, clasificación según Lenke, ángulo de Cobb pre y postquirúrgico, edad de tratamiento quirúrgico, gradode corrección, calidad de vida según cuestionario SRS-22 pre y postquirúrgica, valoración funcional mediante la escala de discapacidad de Oswestry (ODI) y complicaciones postoperatorias. Se estudiaron 22 casos (95 % femenino), el principal grupo etario fue de 11-14 años (55 %), la escoliosis tipo 1 fue la predominante (60 %), el ángulo de Cobb inicial fue mayor a 50° (50 %) y la madurez esquelética principal fue Risser 3 (55 %). La edad de resolución quirúrgica predominante fue entre 15-18 años (60 %), el grado de corrección postoperatorio fue de 75-100 % (73 %) y la densidad de los tornillos pediculares fue de 1.4-1.7 (64 %). En el cuestionario SRS-22, hubo mayor afectación en las dimensiones de autoimagen con una media de 1.8 y la valoración por ODI mostró un índice de incapacidad mínima, que fue mejorando en los controles sucesivos. Nuestra principal complicación fueron las infecciones (36 %). Concluimos que la cirugía correctiva temprana en la EIA ofrece a una mejoría clínica, radiológica y de la calidadde vida de estos paciente(AU)

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine that affects the living condition of those who suffer from it in various ways, affecting the physical and psychological development of the patient. We propose to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome and the quality-of-life component of patients treated surgically with EIA, in the Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Jesús Yerena del Lídice. Curve pattern, Lenke classification, pre-and post-surgical Cobb angle, age at surgical treatment, degree of correction, quality of life according to pre-and post-surgical SRS-22 questionnaire, functional assessment using the Oswestry Disability Scale (ODI) and postoperative complications were evaluated. 22 cases were studied (95% female), the main age group was 11-14 years (55%), type 1 scoliosis was predominant (60%), the initial Cobb angle was greater than 50° (50%) and the main skeletal maturity was Risser 3 (55%). The predominant age of surgical resolution was between 15-18 years (60%), the degree of postoperative correction was 75-100% (73%) and the density of pedicle screws was 1.4-1.7 (64%). In the SRS-22 questionnaire, there was greater impairment in the self-image dimensions with a mean of 1.8 and the ODI assessment showed aminimal disability index, which improved in successive controls. Our main complication was infections (36%). We conclude that early corrective surgery in AIS offers clinical, radiological and quality of life improvement for these patient(AU)

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Study design: Retrospective review of multicentric data. Objectives: To estimate the time from initial visit to surgery in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients and the main reasons for the time to surgery in a multicenter study. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 509 patients with AIS from 16 hospitals across six Latin American countries. From each hospital's deformity registry, the following patient data were extracted: demographics, main curve Cobb angle, Lenke Classification at the initial visit and time of surgery, time from indication-for-surgery to surgery, curve progression, Risser skeletal-maturity score and causes for surgical cancelation or delay. Surgeons were asked if they needed to change the original surgical plan due to curve progression. Data also were collected on each hospital's waiting list numbers and mean delay to AIS surgery. Results: 66.8% of the patients waited over six months and 33.9% over a year. Waiting time was not impacted by the patient's age when surgery first became indicated (p = 0.22) but waiting time did differ between countries (p < 0.001) and hospitals (p < 0.001). Longer time to surgery was significantly associated with increasing magnitude of the Cobb angle through the second year of waiting (p < 0.001). Reported causes for delay were hospital-related (48.4%), economic (47.3%), and logistic (4.2%). Oddly, waiting time for surgery did not correlate with the hospital's reported waiting-list lengths (p = 0.57). Conclusion: Prolonged waits for AIS surgery are common in Latin America, with rare exceptions. At most centers, patients wait over six months, most commonly for economic and hospital-related reasons. Whether this directly impacts surgical outcomes in Latin America still must be studied.

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INTRODUCTION: Patients with severe spinal deformities represent a major clinical and surgical challenge. Halo-gravity traction (HGT) is a traditional method to correct the deformity prior to surgery. Typically, children undergoing HGT remain in the hospital until surgery. Therefore, it has been suggested to treat these children at lower level healthcare centers or even at home. The aim of this study was to develop a tool to assess patient adherence to HGT together with a program to analyze traction results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An original recording system was designed with an Arduino Nano®. The data extracted from the memory card were compiled into a text file and then analyzed with the MatLab R2018a MathWorks®. RESULTS: Five patients receiving HGT for severe scoliosis were asked to use the device both in the wheelchair and in bed to evaluate its usefulness. CONCLUSIONS: A device was developed to monitor the use of HGT at home. The device provides information on the time of HGT use and the traction weight placed throughout the day, as well as on the correct functioning of the system in bed and in the wheelchair.

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Abstract: Introduction: although pediatric orthopedic surgeons worldwide perform scoliosis surgery, the training received is variable and poorly understood. By surveying the European Pediatric Orthopedic Society (EPOS) and the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Ortopedia (SLAOTI), we aim to characterize this variability. Material and methods: in 2021, we distributed an anonymous online questionnaire to EPOS and SLAOTI. Results: 43% EPOS and 22% SLAOTI perform scoliosis procedures (p < 0.05). 18% EPOS and 2% SLAOTI performed > 35 procedures annually (p < 0.05). 70% EPOS and 27% SLAOTI received formal training in spinal deformity surgery (p < 0.005). Conclusions: results show significant differences in training and performance of scoliosis procedures between societies.

Resumen: Introducción: aunque muchos cirujanos ortopédicos pediátricos alrededor del mundo realizan cirugías para la escoliosis, el entrenamiento es variable y poco conocido. A través de encuestar a la Sociedad Europea de Ortopedia Pediátrica (EPOS) y a la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Ortopedia (SLAOTI) queremos caracterizar esta variabilidad. Material y métodos: distribuimos un cuestionario anónimo en 2021 a los miembros de EPOS y SLAOTI. Resultados: realizan las cirugías de escoliosis 43% de EPOS, en comparación con 22% de SLAOTI (p < 0.05); 18% de EPOS realizó > 35 cirugías al año, en comparación con 2% de SLAOTI (p < 0.05); 70% de EPOS y 27% de SLAOTI recibieron capacitación formal en cirugía de deformidades de la columna (p < 0.005). Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio subrayan las diferencias en el entrenamiento de las cirugías de escoliosis entre diferentes sociedades.

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INTRODUCTION: although pediatric orthopedic surgeons worldwide perform scoliosis surgery, the training received is variable and poorly understood. By surveying the European Pediatric Orthopedic Society (EPOS) and the Sociedad Latinoamericana de Ortopedia (SLAOTI), we aim to characterize this variability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: in 2021, we distributed an anonymous online questionnaire to EPOS and SLAOTI. RESULTS: 43% EPOS and 22% SLAOTI perform scoliosis procedures (p < 0.05). 18% EPOS and 2% SLAOTI performed > 35 procedures annually (p < 0.05). 70% EPOS and 27% SLAOTI received formal training in spinal deformity surgery (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: results show significant differences in training and performance of scoliosis procedures between societies.

INTRODUCCIÓN: aunque muchos cirujanos ortopédicos pediátricos alrededor del mundo realizan cirugías para la escoliosis, el entrenamiento es variable y poco conocido. A través de encuestar a la Sociedad Europea de Ortopedia Pediátrica (EPOS) y a la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Ortopedia (SLAOTI) queremos caracterizar esta variabilidad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: distribuimos un cuestionario anónimo en 2021 a los miembros de EPOS y SLAOTI. RESULTADOS: realizan las cirugías de escoliosis 43% de EPOS, en comparación con 22% de SLAOTI (p < 0.05); 18% de EPOS realizó > 35 cirugías al año, en comparación con 2% de SLAOTI (p < 0.05); 70% de EPOS y 27% de SLAOTI recibieron capacitación formal en cirugía de deformidades de la columna (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONES: los resultados de este estudio subrayan las diferencias en el entrenamiento de las cirugías de escoliosis entre diferentes sociedades.

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Vascular compression of the third part of the duodenum by the superior mesenteric artery results in an unusual occlusion of the duodenal transit known as superior mesenteric artery syndrome. This syndrome can occur after surgeries to correct spinal deformities in a rate ranging from 0.5% to 4.7%. It results from a positional alteration of the artery emergency point due to a change in trunk length after surgery. It is associated with risk factors such as low body mass index and weight loss. Patients usually present with intestinal occlusion, abdominal pain, nausea, bilious vomiting, and early satiety. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome must be recognized early to institute an adequate treatment, which can be clinical (with gastric tube for decompression and nutritional support) or require a surgical procedure. Secondary complications related to superior mesenteric artery syndrome include delayed surgical and nutritional recovery, healing problems, and prolonged hospitalization. The present study aims to report a case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a patient with neuromuscular scoliosis secondary to a transverse myelitis who underwent surgical treatment for spinal deformity correction.

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Abstract Vascular compression of the third part of the duodenum by the superior mesenteric artery results in an unusual occlusion of the duodenal transit known as superior mesenteric artery syndrome. This syndrome can occur after surgeries to correct spinal deformities in a rate ranging from 0.5% to 4.7%. It results from a positional alteration of the artery emergency point due to a change in trunk length after surgery. It is associated with risk factors such as low body mass index and weight loss. Patients usually present with intestinal occlusion, abdominal pain, nausea, bilious vomiting, and early satiety. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome must be recognized early to institute an adequate treatment, which can be clinical (with gastric tube for decompression and nutritional support) or require a surgical procedure. Secondary complications related to superior mesenteric artery syndrome include delayed surgical and nutritional recovery, healing problems, and prolonged hospitalization. The present study aims to report a case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in a patient with neuromuscular scoliosis secondary to a transverse myelitis who underwent surgical treatment for spinal deformity correction.

Resumo A compressão vascular da terceira parte do duodeno pela artéria mesentérica superior resulta no desenvolvimento de uma condição incomum de oclusão do trânsito duodenal conhecida como síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior. Este fenômeno pode acontecer após cirurgias de correção de deformidades da coluna, e sua taxa de ocorrência é de 0,5 a 4,7% dos casos. Isso ocorre em virtude da alteração do posicionamento do ponto de emergência da artéria, decorrente da mudança do comprimento do tronco após a cirurgia, e está associado a fatores de risco, como baixo índice de massa corpórea e perda ponderal. Os pacientes costumam se apresentar com um quadro de oclusão intestinal, com dor abdominal, náusea, vômito bilioso e saciedade precoce. O reconhecimento desta condição é importante para instituir o tratamento adequado, que varia do tratamento clínico, com sondagem e descompressão gástrica associados a suporte nutricional; à necessidade de abordagem cirúrgica. Complicações secundárias relacionadas à síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior incluem: recuperação cirúrgica e nutricional retardadas, problemas com a cicatrização e hospitalização prolongada. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso de síndrome da artéria mesentérica superior, ocorrido em um paciente com escoliose neuromuscular secundária a sequela de mielite transversa, submetido ao tratamento cirúrgico da deformidade da coluna.

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The association between Chiari 1 malformation and scoliosis is well known in the literature. Prevalence has increased after the advent of magnetic resonance imaging. In children with this association, prophylactic suboccipital decompression prior to scoliosis correction is a common surgical procedure although the rationale for this surgical management and whether not performing it may lead to spinal cord injury has not been clearly elucidated. We conducted a systematic review of the literature with the aim to obtain strong data to support the hypothesis that it is safe to proceed with scoliosis correction without prior prophylactic suboccipital decompression for Chiari 1 in an asymptomatic population. Using the Prisma methodology, we analyzed 3250 studies published between 1972 and 2018. Only four studies met the inclusion criteria. None of the studies had a level of evidence high enough to recommend prophylactic decompression previous to correction of the spinal deformity.

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Abstract Objective This was a prospective controlled study with lumbar degenerative disc disease patients submitted to instrumented anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) combined with posterior stabilization. Methods A sample with 64 consecutive patients was operated by the same surgeons over 4 years. Half of the ALIFs occurred at 2 levels, 43.8% at 3 levels, and 6.25% at 1 level. Interbody cages with integrated screws, filled with bone matrix and bone morphogenetic protein 2, were used. Results Half of the patients had undergone previous lumbar spine surgeries, 75% presented with associated degenerative listhesis, and 62.5% had posterior lumbar compression disease. Approximately 56% of the sample had at least 1 risk factor for nonunion. The Oswestry index changed from 71.81 ± 7.22 at the preoperative assessment to 24.75 ± 7.82 at the final follow-up evaluation, while the visual analogue pain scale changed from 7.88 ± 0.70 to 2.44 ± 0.87 (p < 0.001). Clinical and functional improvements increased with the number of operated levels, proving the efficacy of multilevel ALIF, performed in 93.75% of the sample. The global complication rate was of 7.82%, with no major complications. No cases of nonunion were observed. Conclusion Instrumented ALIF combined with posterior stabilization is a successful option for uni- and multilevel degenerative disc disease of the L3 to S1 segments, even in the significant presence of risk factors for nonunion and of previous lumbar surgeries, assuring very satisfactory clinical-functional and radiographic outcomes with a low medium-term complication rate.

Resumo Objetivo Estudo prospectivo controlado em pacientes com discopatia degenerativa submetidos a artrodese intersomática lombar anterior instrumentada combinada com estabilização posterior. Métodos Amostra com64 pacientes consecutivos operados pelos mesmos cirurgiões ao longo de quatro anos. Metade das artrodeses intersomática lombar anterior foi efetuada emdois níveis, 43,8% emtrês níveis e 6,25% emumnível. Foramusadas caixas intersomáticas com parafusos integrados preenchidas com matriz óssea e proteína morfogenética óssea 2. Resultados Metade da amostra apresentava cirurgias prévias à coluna lombar, 75% listeses degenerativas associadas e 62,5% patologia compressiva posterior da coluna lombar. Aproximadamente 56% da amostra apresentavam pelo menos um fator de risco de não união da artrodese. O índice Oswestry passou de 71,81 ± 7,22 no pré-operatório para 24,75 ± 7,82 na avaliação no fimdo tempo de seguimento, enquanto a escala visual analógica da dor passou de 7,88 ± 0,70 para 2,44 ± 0,87 (p < 0,001). Amelhoria clínicofuncional foi crescente de acordo com a intervenção num número superior de níveis, o que comprova a eficácia da artrodese intersomática lombar anterior multinível, aplicada em 93,75% da amostra. Ataxa global de complicações foi de 7,82% e de complicaçõesmajor de 0%. Não se identificou qualquer caso de não união. Conclusão A artrodese intersomática lombar anterior instrumentada combinada com estabilização posterior é uma opção de sucesso na discopatia degenerativa uni ou multinível dos segmentos de L3 a S1, mesmo empresença significativa de fatores de

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the healing of the modified inverted "Y" incision in patients with scoliosis due to myelomeningocele. Methods: Retrospective study through medical records review of patients with myelomeningocele surgically treated with a modified inverted "Y" approach between January 2013 and December 2015. Results: We analyzed the medical records of six patients. Two patients progressed with skin complications in the immediate postoperative period and only one of them required surgical intervention for debridement and suturing. In another patient, it was necessary to perform two surgical reviews due to material failure without skin complications in these interventions. Conclusions: The modified inverted "Y" technique is a great alternative to traditional incision and inverted "Y" because it has good results in patients with spina bifida associated with poor skin conditions treated surgically for correction of spinal deformities. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a cicatrização da modificação da incisão em "Y" invertido em pacientes com escoliose decorrente de mielomeningocele. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, mediante revisão de prontuários dos pacientes portadores de mielomeningocele, tratados cirurgicamente por um acesso cirúrgico modificado do "Y" invertido, entre janeiro de 2013 e dezembro de 2015. Resultados: Foram analisados os prontuários de seis pacientes. Dois pacientes evoluíram com complicações de pele no pós-operatório imediato, apenas em um deles foi necessária intervenção cirúrgica para debridamento e sutura. Em outro paciente foi necessário realizar duas revisões cirúrgicas, devido a quebra do material, sem ocorrer complicações de pele em todas as abordagens. Conclusão: A variação da técnica em "Y" invertido é uma ótima alternativa à incisão tradicional e ao "Y" invertido, por apresentar bons resultados em pacientes com espinha bífida associada às condições de pele ruins, tratados cirurgicamente para correção de deformidades da coluna vertebral. Nível de evidência IV; Série de casos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la cicatrización de la incisión en "Y" invertida modificada en pacientes con escoliosis derivada de mielomeningocele. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo mediante revisión de registros médicos de pacientes con mielomeningocele tratados quirúrgicamente por acceso quirúrgico en "Y" invertida modificada entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2015. Resultados: Se analizaron los registros médicos de seis pacientes. Dos pacientes desarrollaron complicaciones de piel en el postoperatorio inmediato y sólo en uno de ellos fue necesaria intervención quirúrgica para desbridamiento y sutura. En otro paciente fue necesario realizar dos revisiones quirúrgicas debido al quiebre del material, sin que ocurrieran complicaciones cutáneas en esas intervenciones. Conclusiones: La técnica en "Y" invertida modificada es una excelente alternativa a la incisión tradicional y la "Y" invertida por demostrar buenos resultados en pacientes con espina bífida asociada a malas condiciones cutáneas tratados quirúrgicamente para corrección de deformidades de la columna vertebral. Nivel de evidencia IV; Serie de casos.

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Resumo Objetivo O estudo foi realizado para revelar vivências de adolescentes e suas famílias a curto prazo após a cirurgia para correção de escoliose. Métodos Este estudo teve um delineamento descritivo qualitativo, e os dados foram coletados de adolescentes com história de cirurgia para correção de escoliose (n=17) e seus familiares (n=9), através de entrevistas em profundidade. Os dados assim obtidos foram analisados usando análise de conteúdo. Resultados Surgiram cinco temas principais: queixas físicas, ambiente desconhecido (centro cirúrgico e unidade de terapia intensiva), mudanças emocionais, querendo que seus pais fiquem com eles e preocupações com o futuro. Tanto os adolescentes como seus familiares relataram que os adolescentes experimentaram não só problemas físicos e emocionais mas também preocupações com o futuro após a cirurgia. Conclusão Os enfermeiros devem ficar junto com os adolescentes e suas famílias e permitir que eles expressem seus sentimentos antes da cirurgia. É importante informá-los antes da cirurgia para aliviar sua ansiedade e melhorar a adaptação. Criar um ambiente adequado em salas de recuperação e unidades de terapia intensiva, onde os adolescentes podem frequentemente ver seus pais, pode ajudá-los a ter um psiquismo melhor. Além disso, programas educacionais devem ser propostos para serem oferecidos no momento da alta e métodos interativos devem ser usados para permitir que eles compartilhem seus pensamentos sobre o futuro.

Resumen Objetivo Este estudio se realizó para revelar experiencias de adolescentes y sus familias a corto plazo después de la cirugía para la corrección de escoliosis. Métodos Este estudio tuvo un delineamiento descriptivo cualitativo y se recogieron datos de adolescentes con histórico de cirugía para la corrección de escoliosis (n = 17) y sus familiares (n = 9), a través de entrevistas en profundidad. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron utilizando el análisis de contenido. Resultados Surgieron cinco temas principales: quejas físicas, entorno desconocido (la sala de operaciones y la unidad de terapia intensiva), cambios emocionales, queriendo que sus padres se queden con ellos y preocupaciones por el futuro. Tanto los adolescentes como sus familiares relataron que los adolescentes experimentaron no solo problemas físicos y emocionales como también preocupaciones con el futuro después de la cirugía. Conclusión Los enfermeros deben acompañar a los adolescentes y sus familias y permitirles que expresen sus sentimientos antes de la cirugía. Es importante mantenerlos informados antes de la cirugía para aliviar su ansiedad y mejorar la adaptación. Crear un ambiente adecuado en salas de recuperación y unidades de terapia intensiva, donde los adolescentes puedan ver a sus padres a menudo, puede ayudarlos a tener una psique mejor. Además, los programas educativos deben ser propuestos para ser ofrecidos en el momento del alta y los métodos interactivos se deben utilizar para permitir que compartan sus pensamientos sobre el futuro.

Abstract Objective The study was performed to reveal experiences of adolescents and their families in the short-term after scoliosis surgery. Methods This study had a qualitative descriptive design, and data were collected from adolescents with scoliosis surgery (n=17) and their family members (n=9) at in-depth interviews. Obtained data were analysed with content analysis. Results Five main themes emerged: physical complaints, unfamiliar environment (operating room and intensive care unit), emotional changes, wanting their parents to stay with them and worries about future. Both the adolescents and their families reported that the adolescents experienced not only physical and emotional problems but also worries about their future after surgery. Conclusion Nurses should meet the adolescents and their families and allow them to express their feelings before surgery. Informing them before surgery is important in terms of relieving their anxiety and enhancing their adaptation. Creating an appropriate environment in recovery rooms and intensive care units where the adolescents can frequently see their parents may help them have better psychology. In addition, education programs that will be offered at discharge should be designed and interactive methods should be used to allow them to share their thoughts about their future.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To report a new technique for extrapleural interbody release with transcorporal osteotomy of the inferior vertebral plateau (LIEPO) and to evaluate the correction potential of this technique and its complications. Method: We included patients with scoliosis with Cobb angle greater than 90° and flexibility less than 25% submitted to surgical treatment between 2012 and 2016 by the technique LIEPO at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (INTO). Sagittal and coronal alignment, and the translation of the apical vertebra were measured and the degree of correction of the deformity was calculated through the pre and postoperative radiographs, and the complications were described. Results: Patients had an average bleed of 1,525 ml, 8.8 hours of surgical time, 123° of scoliosis in the preoperative period, and a mean correction of 66%. There was no case of permanent neurological damage and no surgical revision. Conclusion: The LIEPO technique proved to be effective and safe in the treatment of severe stiff scoliosis, reaching a correction potential close to the PEISR (Posterior extrapleural intervertebral space release) technique and superior to that of the pVCR (posterior Vertebral Column Resection) with no presence of infection and permanent neurological deficit. New studies are needed to validate this promising technique.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar uma nova técnica de liberação intersomática extrapleural associada a osteotomia transcorporal do platô vertebral inferior (LIEPO) e avaliar o potencial de correção dessa técnica e suas complicações. Método: Foram incluídos pacientes com escoliose com ângulo de Cobb maior que 90° e flexibilidade menor que 25%, submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico entre 2012 e 2016 pela técnica LIEPO, no Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia (INTO). Foram aferidos alinhamento sagital, coronal e a translação da vértebra apical e calculou-se o grau de correção da deformidade através das radiografias pré e pós-operatórias, sendo descritas as complicações encontradas. Resultado: Os pacientes tiveram média de sangramento de 1.525 ml, 8,8 horas de tempo cirúrgico, 123° de escoliose no pré-operatório e média de correção de 66%. Não houve caso de lesão neurológica permanente e nenhuma revisão cirúrgica. Conclusão: A técnica LIEPO mostrou-se eficaz e segura no tratamento de escoliose rígida grave, atingindo um potencial de correção próximo ao da técnica PEISR ("Posterior Extrapleural Intervertebral Space Release") e superior ao da RCVp (Ressecção de Coluna Vertebral via posterior) sem presença de infecção e déficit neurológico permanente. Novos estudos são necessários para a validação dessa técnica promissora.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Reportar una nueva técnica de liberación intersomática extrapleural asociada a la osteotomía transcorporal de la meseta vertebral inferior (LIEPO) y evaluar el potencial de corrección de esta técnica y sus complicaciones. Método: Se incluyeron pacientes con escoliosis con ángulo de Cobb superior a 90° y flexibilidad inferior al 25%, sometidos al tratamiento quirúrgico entre 2012 y 2016 por la técnica LIEPO, en el Instituto Nacional de Traumatología y Ortopedia (INTO). Se evaluaron la alineación sagital y coronal y la translación de la vértebra apical y se calculó el grado de corrección de la deformidad a través de las radiografías pre y postoperatorias, siendo descritas las complicaciones encontradas. Resultado: Los pacientes tuvieron media de sangrado de 1.525 ml, 8,8 horas de tiempo quirúrgico, 123° de escoliosis en el preoperatorio y promedio de corrección del 66%. No hubo casos de lesión neurológica permanente y ninguna revisión quirúrgica. Conclusión: La técnica LIEPO se mostró eficaz y segura en el tratamiento de la escoliosis rígida grave, alcanzando un potencial de corrección cercano al de la técnica PEISR ("Posterior extrapleural intervertebral space release") y superior al de la RCVp (Resección de columna vertebral vía posterior); sin presencia de infección y déficit neurológico permanente. Se necesitan nuevos estudios para validar esta técnica prometedora.

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BACKGROUND: Multiple techniques are utilized for distal fixation in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis. Although there is evidence of benefit with S2 alar iliac (S2AI) fixation, this remains controversial. The objective of this study is to evaluate the radiological outcomes and complications associated with this surgical technique in a pediatric population. METHODS: An observational retrospective case series study was performed. All pediatric patients between January 2011 and February 2014 diagnosed with neuromuscular scoliosis associated with pelvic obliquity, which required surgery with fixation unto S2AI, were included. Clinical, radiological findings, and adverse events were presented with measures of central tendency. Comparison of deformity correction was carried out using a non-parametric analysis for related samples (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS: A total of 31 patients diagnosed with neuromuscular scoliosis that met inclusion criteria were analyzed. The leading cause of neuromuscular scoliosis in 23 (74.2%) patients was spastic cerebral palsy (CP). The correction of pelvic obliquity in the immediate postoperative period was of 76%, which is statistically significant. The extent of correction that patients maintained at the end of the follow-up was analyzed, and it was found that there were no significant differences in this magnitude, compared with the immediate postoperative pelvic obliquity. The mean follow-up time was 9±7 months. Regarding postoperative adverse events, occurred in 64.5% of patients, the most common outcome was pneumonia (14.8%). The overall rate of complications related to instrumentation was low (1.9%), which corresponds to one patient with an intra-articular screw in the left hip that required repositioning. CONCLUSIONS: S2AI fixation for the treatment of neuromuscular scoliosis is a safe alternative, in which the onset of adverse events is related to the comorbidities of patients instead of the surgical procedure itself. An approximate correction of 76% of pelvic obliquity is maintained during the follow-up.

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ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To evaluate quality of life, using the SF-36, in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) who un-derwent surgery for deformity correction, comparing the results in the pre-and post-operative period.METHODS: We evaluated 29 patients, 24 female, mean age 14.5 years, all patients had measurement of Cobb angle greater than 50º, and responded to the SF-36 questionnaire preope-ratively and on average two years after surgery.RESULTS: There was improvement in all eight domains studied by the SF-36 after surgical treatment, with statistically significant improvement of the domains functional capacity physical aspects, pain and general state. Vitality and mental heal-th were those with the lowest percentage of improvement postoperatively.CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of defor-mity in all AIS improved the functional aspects assessed by the SF-36, representing, in practice, better quality of life for these patients. Evidence Level II, Prospective Study.

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OBJECTIVE: Scoliosis surgery involves major blood loss and frequently requires blood transfusion. The cost and risks involved in using allogeneic blood have motivated investigation of methods capable of reducing patients' bleeding during operations. One of these methods is to use antifibrinolytic drugs, and tranexamic acid is among these. The aim of this study was to assess the use of this drug for controlling bleeding in surgery to treat idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS: This was a retrospective study in which the medical files of 40 patients who underwent thoracolumbar arthrodesis by means of a posterior route were analyzed. Of these cases, 21 used tranexamic acid and were placed in the test group. The others were placed in the control group. The mean volumes of bleeding during and after the operation and the need for blood transfusion were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The group that used tranexamic acid had significantly less bleeding during the operation than the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding postoperative bleeding and the need for blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Tranexamic acid was effective in reducing bleeding during the operation, as demonstrated in other studies. The correlation between its use and the reduction in the need for blood transfusion is multifactorial and could not be established in this study. We believe that tranexamic acid may be a useful resource and that it deserves greater attention in randomized double-blind prospective series, with proper control over variables that directly influence blood loss.

OBJETIVO: A cirurgia de escoliose envolve elevada perda sanguínea e necessita frequentemente de hemotransfusão. O custo e os riscos envolvidos no uso do sangue alogênico têm motivado pesquisas de métodos capazes de reduzir o sangramento operatório nos pacientes. Um desses métodos é o uso de drogas antifibrinolíticas, entre as quais está o ácido tranexâmico (ATX). O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o uso dessa droga no controle do sangramento em cirurgias de escoliose idiopática. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo no qual foram analisados os prontuários de 40 pacientes submetidos à artrodese toracolombar por via posterior. Desses, apenas 21 usaram o ATX e foram relacionados no grupo teste. Os demais foram relacionados no grupo controle. Foram comparadas as médias de sangramento per e pós-operatório e a necessidade de hemotransfusão entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: O grupo que usou o ATX teve sangramento peroperatório significativamente menor do que o grupo controle. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos para o sangramento pós-operatório e a necessidade de hemotransfusão. CONCLUSÕES: O ATX foi eficaz na redução do sangramento peroperatório, conforme demostrado em outros estudos. A correlação entre o seu uso e a redução da necessidade de hemotransfusão é multifatorial e não pôde ser estabelecida neste trabalho. Acreditamos que o ácido tranexâmico possa ser um recurso útil e merece maior atenção em séries prospectivas, duplo-cegas, randomizadas, com o devido controle das variáveis que interferem diretamente na perda sanguínea.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Scoliosis surgery involves major blood loss and frequently requires blood transfusion. The cost and risks involved in using allogeneic blood have motivated investigation of methods capable of reducing patients' bleeding during operations. One of these methods is to use antifibrinolytic drugs, and tranexamic acid is among these. The aim of this study was to assess the use of this drug for controlling bleeding in surgery to treat idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS: This was a retrospective study in which the medical files of 40 patients who underwent thoracolumbar arthrodesis by means of a posterior route were analyzed. Of these cases, 21 used tranexamic acid and were placed in the test group. The others were placed in the control group. The mean volumes of bleeding during and after the operation and the need for blood transfusion were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The group that used tranexamic acid had significantly less bleeding during the operation than the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding postoperative bleeding and the need for blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Tranexamic acid was effective in reducing bleeding during the operation, as demonstrated in other studies. The correlation between its use and the reduction in the need for blood transfusion is multifactorial and could not be established in this study. We believe that tranexamic acid may be a useful resource and that it deserves greater attention in randomized double-blind prospective series, with proper control over variables that directly influence blood loss. .

OBJETIVO: A cirurgia de escoliose envolve elevada perda sanguínea e necessita frequentemente de hemotransfusão. O custo e os riscos envolvidos no uso do sangue alogênico têm motivado pesquisas de métodos capazes de reduzir o sangramento operatório nos pacientes. Um desses métodos é o uso de drogas antifibrinolíticas, entre as quais está o ácido tranexâmico (ATX). O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o uso dessa droga no controle do sangramento em cirurgias de escoliose idiopática. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo no qual foram analisados os prontuários de 40 pacientes submetidos à artrodese toracolombar por via posterior. Desses, apenas 21 usaram o ATX e foram relacionados no grupo teste. Os demais foram relacionados no grupo controle. Foram comparadas as médias de sangramento per e pós-operatório e a necessidade de hemotransfusão entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: O grupo que usou o ATX teve sangramento peroperatório significativamente menor do que o grupo controle. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos para o sangramento pós-operatório e a necessidade de hemotransfusão. CONCLUSÕES: O ATX foi eficaz na redução do sangramento peroperatório, conforme demostrado em outros estudos. A correlação entre o seu uso e a redução da necessidade de hemotransfusão é multifatorial e não pôde ser estabelecida neste trabalho. Acreditamos que o ácido tranexâmico possa ser um recurso útil e merece maior atenção em séries prospectivas, duplo-cegas, randomizadas, com o devido controle das variáveis que interferem diretamente na perda sanguínea. .

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: : To evaluate quality of life, using the SF-36, in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) who un-derwent surgery for deformity correction, comparing the results in the pre-and post-operative period. METHODS: : We evaluated 29 patients, 24 female, mean age 14.5 years, all patients had measurement of Cobb angle greater than 50º, and responded to the SF-36 questionnaire preope-ratively and on average two years after surgery. RESULTS: : There was improvement in all eight domains studied by the SF-36 after surgical treatment, with statistically significant improvement of the domains functional capacity physical aspects, pain and general state. Vitality and mental heal-th were those with the lowest percentage of improvement postoperatively. CONCLUSION: : Surgical treatment of defor-mity in all AIS improved the functional aspects assessed by the SF-36, representing, in practice, better quality of life for these patients. Evidence Level II, Prospective Study.

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Analizar los resultados y las complicaciones del tratamiento quirúrgico de la escoliosis, en pacientes portadores del Síndrome de Prader-Willi, para verificar si se justifica este tipo de tratamiento. MÉTODOS: Análisis retrospectivo de las fichas clínicas y radiografías de los cinco pacientes portadores del Síndrome de Prader-Willi que consultaron en el Departamento de Escoliosis entre los años 2005 y 2010, y fueron operados. RESULTADOS: La edad de la consulta inicial fue en promedio 3,6 años; el promedio de escoliosis fue 61º, el que aumentó a 65º al momento de la cirugía. El promedio de operaciones realizadas fue 2,8 por paciente, lográndose una corrección promedio de 35%. Los motivos de las reintervenciones fueron pérdida de corrección en 4 casos (28,5%), aflojamiento de ganchos en 2 (14,3%) y xifosis referente a la instrumentación en uno (7,1%) No hubo complicaciones graves. CONCLUSIONES: Aún cuando la literatura muestra autores poco proclives a indicar cirugía en este tipo de pacientes, por la elevada tasa de complicaciones graves, la ausencia de ellas en nuestro medio hace mantener válidos los mismos criterios quirúrgicos que en escoliosis idiopática.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados e as complicações do tratamento cirúrgico da escoliose em pacientes com síndrome de Prader-Willi para verificar se esse tipo de tratamento é justificado. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários clínicos e das radiografias dos cinco pacientes portadores de síndrome de Prader-Willi tratados cirurgicamente no Departamento de Escoliose entre 2005 e 2010. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes na consulta inicial foi 3,6 anos. A média de escoliose foi 61º, a qual tinha aumentado para 65º na ocasião da cirurgia. A média de cirurgias realizadas foi 2,8 por paciente, atingindo-se correção média de 35%. Os motivos das re-intervenções foram perda de correção em quatro casos (28,5%), afrouxamento dos ganchos em dois (14,3%) e cifose depois da instrumentação em um caso (7,1%). Não foram verificadas complicações graves. CONCLUSÕES: Mesmo que a literatura mostre autores pouco inclinados a indicar cirurgia nesse tipo de pacientes, por causa da elevada taxa de complicações graves, a ausência dessas complicações em nossa prática valida os mesmos critérios cirúrgicos da escoliose idiopática.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the results and complications of scoliosis surgery in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome to verify if this kind of treatment is justified. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of clinical records and radiographs of five patients with Prader-Willi syndrome treated at the Department of Scoliosis between 2005 and 2010. RESULTS: The average age of patients at the first visit was 3.6 years. The average scoliosis was 61°, which increased to 65° at the time of surgery. The average number of surgeries performed per patient was 2.8, reaching an average correction of 35%. The reasons for re-interventions were correction loss in 4 cases (28.5%), loosening of hooks in two cases (14.3%), and kyphosis after instrumentation in one case (7.1%). There were no serious complications. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the literature shows authors unwilling to indicate surgery in such patients because of the high rate of severe complications, the absence of these complications in our practice validates the use of the same surgical criteria of idiopathic scoliosis.

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El presente artículo presenta un proyecto piloto de Psicoprofilaxis Quirúrgica en el Departamento de Traumatología, Unidad de Escoliosis, Hospital de niños Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna. La Psicoprofilaxis Quirúrgica, enmarcada dentro de la psicología de la salud, tiene por objetivo apoyar al paciente que será sometido a cirugía, en el manejo de emociones, actitudes y comportamientos que se derivan de la situación quirúrgica, a través de una intervención psicoterapéutica preventiva, breve y focalizada. Se planteó una intervención psicológica para pacientes que debían ser sometidos a cirugía correctiva de escoliosis. Esta constó de 3 instancias: (a) entrevista inicial y evaluación de ansiedad, (b) intervención intrahospitalaria y (c) control postquirúrgico. En todas ellas se midió Nivel Anímico, Nivel de Actividad, Calidad del Sueño y Calidad de la Alimentación. Los resultados sugieren que si los pacientes tienen un adecuado conocimiento del proceso al cual se enfrentarán, aumentaría su sensación de control de la situación y por ende, disminuiría su ansiedad pre-quirúrgica. No obstante, no basta informar, sino que además es necesario adecuarse a las características de cada paciente al hacer entrega de la información, siendo este factor el que permitiría el cambio en los niveles de ansiedad pre-quirúrgica.

This article presents a trial scheme of surgical psychoprophylaxis in the Scoliosis Unit of the Traumatology department at “Doctor Luis Calvo Mackenna childrens” Hospital. This project arises from The surgical psychoprophylaxis is to an area within Health Psychology that aims to support the patient that will undergo surgery, by performing a brief preventive psychotherapeutic intervention that helps him/her to handle possible emotions, attitudes and behaviors that may appear as a result of the surgical experience. The intervention had three stages: (a) Initial interview and anxiety assessment (b) intra- hospital intervention (c) post surgical control. In each stage mood level was measured as well as activity level, sleep quality and feeding behavior quality. The results suggest that, if patients have adequate knowledge of the process they are going to face their feeling of control over the situation would increase and thus reduce preoperative anxiety. Nevertheless, informing is not enough but it is also necessary to adapt the delivery of information to each patient’s characteristics, for this would be the main factor that would allow changes in preoperative anxiety levels.

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