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BACKGROUND: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a serious condition that occurs when the retina detaches from its underlying retinal pigment epithelium. RRDs associated with giant retinal tears (GRTs) are caused by retinal tears at least 90° or one-quarter of the circumferential extent. This scoping review systematically identifies and summarizes clinical studies evaluating surgical techniques for the management of GRT-related RRDs, discusses functional and visual outcomes and the risk factors affecting treatment outcomes. METHODS: This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Springer Link databases were searched for relevant papers (from January 2001 to March 2023). Studies that were published in the English language and reported the risk factors, management, and treatment outcomes of GRT-related RRDs were included in the review. The outcome measures included anatomic success rates, changes in BCVA (logMAR) from baseline to the final follow-up, and adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 11,982 articles were identified. After the title and abstract review, 71 studies were deemed eligible for full-text review. Thirty-six studies that met the eligibility criteria were included in the final review. Four surgical techniques were identified: pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), combined PPV and scleral buckling, scleral buckling alone, and pneumatic retinopexy. Various types of tamponades, including gas, silicone oil, and air, have been used. PPV was the most commonly used surgical technique in 33.1-100% of patients. Among the 20 studies that used PPV alone, 17 were associated with preoperative PVR. In addition, scleral buckling alone or in combination with PPV was reported as a treatment option in 10 studies, with 2-100% of patients experiencing scleral buckling alone and 13.6-100% experiencing combined PPV and complementary scleral buckling. Primary anatomic success (PAS) was achieved with retinal reattachment via a single operation with no residual tamponade, whereas final anatomic success (FAS) was achieved via more than one operation with no residual tamponade. Reported single surgery anatomic success (SSAS) rates range from 65.51 to 100%. The preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranged from 0.067 to 2.47 logMAR, whereas the postoperative BCVA ranged from 0.08 to 2.3 logMAR. An improvement in visual acuity was observed in 29 studies. Cataracts (3.9-28.3%) were the most common postoperative complication, followed by high IOP (0.01-51.2%) and PVR (0.8-31.57%). CONCLUSION: PPV is the most common surgical technique, and currently microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) systems are commonly employed. Silicone oil is the most frequently used tamponade in RRD repair. Risk factors for GRT-related RRD include age, sex, lens status, high myopia status, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), presenting visual acuity, the extent of the GRT and retinal detachment, and macular involvement. Future research areas include guidelines to reduce variability in the reporting of surgical methodology, choice of tamponades, and reporting of functional and visual outcomes to inform the best therapeutic interventions in GRT-related RRD.

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ABSTRACT Objective To assess pre-operative conditions that could influence primary anatomical success rate in a cohort of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD) treated with primary vitrectomy and no scleral buckling. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in a group of patients that underwent primary pars plana vitrectomy with gas tamponade and without scleral buckling for RRD between 2014 and 2019, with a minimum follow-up of 4 months. Results 305 eyes of 301 patients were included; 59.01% eyes were phakic, 39.01% were pseudophakic and 1.96% aphakic. 13.11% of patients had proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade B and 3.28% proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade C at the time of diagnosis while 83.61% had proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade 0 or A. 53.1% had superior breaks, 15.4% inferior breaks and 31.5% a combination of both. Primary success rate was obtained in 90.82% of eyes (95%CI 87.58-94.06). 9.18% of eyes (95%CI 5.94-12.42) re-detached. In 3.27% the cause of re-detachment was proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and in the remaining 5.90% because of a new or a missed break, the leakage of a previously treated break, or an area of shallow peripheral detachment with no detectable break. Of 181 phakic eyes, 10.49% re-detached, whereas in over 126 aphakic or pseudophakic eyes 7.75% re-detached (p=0.42). 16.39% eyes of the entire cohort had preoperative grade B or C proliferative vitreoretinopathy, whereas 32.14% of re-detached eyes had preoperative grade B or C proliferative vitreoretinopathy (95%CI 17.29-46.99; p=0.02). Th eyes that re-detached after the first surgery had a mean of 2.5 (95%CI 1.86-3.13) retinal tears, against a mean of 1.87 (95%CI 1.73-2.00) retinal tears of those that did not re-detach after the first surgery (p=0.02). Conclusion We found location of breaks and lens status to be independent factors not related to a lower single operation success rate, whereas the number or size of breaks and preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy stages B or C were independent factors related to a higher likelihood of re-detachment.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar condições pré-operatórias que poderiam influenciar a taxa de sucesso anatômico primário em uma coorte de pacientes com descolamento de retina regmatogênico tratada com vitrectomia primária e sem introflexão escleral. Métodos Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva em um grupo de pacientes submetidos a vitrectomia primária pars plana com tamponamento gasoso e sem introflexão escleral por desprendimento de retina regmatogênico entre os anos 2014 e 2019, com monitoramento mínimo de 4 meses. Resultados Foram incluídos 305 olhos de 301 pacientes; 59,01% dos olhos eram fáquicos, 39,01% eram pseudofáquicos, e 1,96% era afáquico; 13,11% dos pacientes tinham vitreorretinopatia proliferativa grau B, e 3,28%, vitreorretinopatia proliferativa grau C no momento do diagnóstico, enquanto 83,61% tinham vitreorretinopatia proliferativa grau 0 ou A; 53,1% tinham rasgaduras superiores; 15,4%, rasgaduras inferiores e 31,5%, uma combinação de ambas. A taxa de sucesso primário foi obtida em 90,82% dos olhos (IC95% 87,58-94,06); 9,18% dos olhos (IC95% 5,94-12,42) se redestacaram. Em 3,27%, a causa do redescolamento foi vitreorretinopatia proliferativa e, nos 5,90% restantes, por causa de uma ruptura nova ou perdida, o vazamento de uma ruptura previamente tratada, ou uma área de descolamento periférico superficial sem ruptura detectável. Dos 181 olhos fáticos, 10,49% redestacaram-se, enquanto em mais de 126 olhos afáquicos ou pseudofáquicos 7,75% redestacaram-se (p=0,42); 16,39% dos olhos de toda a coorte tinham vitreorretinopatia proliferativa pré-operatória grau B ou C, enquanto 32,14% dos olhos redescolados tinham vitreorretinopatia proliferativa pré-operatória grau B ou C (IC95% 17,29-46,99) (p=0,02). Os olhos que se redescolaram após a primeira cirurgia tiveram média de 2,5 (IC95% 1,86-3,13) lágrimas retinianas, contra uma média de 1,87 (IC95% 1,73-2,00) lágrima retiniana daqueles que não se redestacaram após a primeira cirurgia. (p=0,02). Conclusão A localização das rasgaduras e o status da lente são fatores independentes não relacionados a uma menor taxa de sucesso da operação, enquanto o número ou o tamanho das rasgaduras e estágios vitreorretinopatia proliferativa pré-operatórios B ou C foram fatores independentes relacionados a uma maior probabilidade de redescolamento.

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Purpose: In non-drainage scleral buckling, anterior chamber paracentesis is usually carried out to decrease intraocular pressure. When the buckling is extensive however, this technique may be inefficient and time consuming. In this study, we tried to determine if a mini 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy could be used as an efficient and safe alternative procedure to anterior chamber paracentesis for adjusting intraocular pressure during a non-drainage scleral buckling. Methods: In this case series, 44 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (proliferative vitreoretinopathy stage < C) were included. In all cases, a mini 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy was performed before buckle fixation and repeated if necessary. Complete retinal attachment was defined as the anatomical success. Results: Forty-four eyes of 44 patients with mean age of 48.1 ± 18.2 years were included. Silicon buckle nº 276, sponge 505, and sponge 507 were utilized for 7, 34, and 3 eyes, respectively. Intravitreal injection of SF6 gas was performed for 54.5% of the eyes. Mean total time of the operation was 61 ± 16 min and the mean time for vitrectomy was 87 ± 31 s. Complete retinal attachment in 37 and incomplete attachment in 4 eyes were achieved after single operation that was a success rate of 93.2%. One had more than usual vitreous leak at the site of scleretomy and one developed a tiny vitreous hemorrhage at the sclerotomy site. Three sclerotomy sites needed suturing. Conclusion: The anatomical outcome and the safety observed in this study were comparable to the current methods reported in the literature. Therefore, if anterior chamber paracentesis fails to adjust intraocular pressure during a non-drainage scleral buckling, performing a small gauge mini vitrectomy is safe and helpful.

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Purpose: In non-drainage scleral buckling, anterior chamber paracentesis is usually carried out to decrease intraocular pressure. When the buckling is extensive however, this technique may be inefficient and time consuming. In this study, we tried to determine if a mini 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy could be used as an efficient and safe alternative procedure to anterior chamber paracentesis for adjusting intraocular pressure during a non-drainage scleral buckling. Methods: In this case series, 44 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (proliferative vitreoretinopathy stage < C) were included. In all cases, a mini 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy was performed before buckle fixation and repeated if necessary. Complete retinal attachment was defined as the anatomical success. Results: Forty-four eyes of 44 patients with mean age of 48.1 ± 18.2 years were included. Silicon buckle nº 276, sponge 505, and sponge 507 were utilized for 7, 34, and 3 eyes, respectively. Intravitreal injection of SF6 gas was performed for 54.5% of the eyes. Mean total time of the operation was 61 ± 16 min and the mean time for vitrectomy was 87 ± 31 s. Complete retinal attachment in 37 and incomplete attachment in 4 eyes were achieved after single operation that was a success rate of 93.2%. One had more than usual vitreous leak at the site of scleretomy and one developed a tiny vitreous hemorrhage at the sclerotomy site. Three sclerotomy sites needed suturing. Conclusion: The anatomical outcome and the safety observed in this study were comparable to the current methods reported in the literature. Therefore, if anterior chamber paracentesis fails to adjust intraocular pressure during a non-drainage scleral buckling, performing a small gauge mini vitrectomy is safe and helpful.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and visual outcomes of epiretinal membrane development following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 309 eyes that underwent initial surgery for primary uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Examinations were conducted preoperatively and then postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The study patients were categorized into two groups depending on the presence or absence of the epiretinal membrane. Results: The incidence of postoperative epiretinal membrane was 28.5%; 42.7% of these patients had severe epiretinal membrane development and therefore underwent the epiretinal membrane removal. Logistic regression analyses revealed that giant retinal tears (OR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.045-6.792, p=0.040) and horseshoe tears (OR: 0.534; 95% CI: 0.295-0.967, p=0.039) were the significant predictors of postoperative epiretinal membrane. Triamcinolone acetonide staining was significantly associated with the prevention of epiretinal membrane (p=0.022). A total of 34 patients showed a better or an equal final best-corrected visual acuity; of which 4 eyes were evaluated at the final follow-up visit and exhibited a reduced best-corrected visual acuity. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrated that horseshoe tears and giant retinal tears represent the risk factors for the postoperative epiretinal membrane. Triamcinolone acetonide staining had a significant preventive effect on the postoperative epiretinal membrane. Furthermore, a second round of pars plana vitrectomy, including membrane removal, led to a significant improvement in the final best-corrected visual acuity as per the last follow-up examination, albeit the recovery was limited.

RESUMO Objetivos: Investigar a incidência, fatores de risco e desfechos visuais do desenvolvimento da membrana epirretiniana após reparo do descolamento regmatogênico da retina. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo de 309 olhos submetidos à cirurgia inicial para descolamento regmatogênico da retina primário sem complicações. Os exames foram realizados no pré-operatório aos 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses pós-operatórios. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, dependendo da presença ou ausência de membrana epirretiniana. Resultados: A incidência de membrana epirretiniana pós-operatória foi de 28,5%; 42,7% desses pacientes apresentaram desenvolvimento grave da membrana epirretiniana e, portanto, foram submetidos à remoção desta membrana. A regressão logística mostrou que as lágrimas retinianas gigantes (RC: 2,66; 95% IC: 1,045 - 6,792, p=0,040) e lágrimas em ferradura (RC: 0,534; 95% IC: 0,295-0,967, p=0,039), foram preditores significativos de membrana epirretiniana pós-operatória. A coloração com acetonida de triancinolona foi significativamente associada à prevenção da membrana epirretiniana (p=0,022). Trinta e quatro pacientes apresentaram acuidade visual melhorada, ou igual, ou acuidade visual final melhor corrigida; 4 olhos foram avaliados na consulta final de acompanhamento e apresentaram redução da acuidade visual melhor corrigida. Conclusão: Nossa análise demonstra que as lágrimas de ferradura e as lágrimas retinianas gigantes representam fatores de risco para a membrana epirretiniana pós-operatória. A coloração com acetonida de triancinolona teve um efeito preventivo significativo na membrana epirretiniana no pós-operatório. Além disso, uma segunda rodada de vitrectomia pars plana, incluindo remoção da membrana, levou a uma melhora significativa da acuidade visual final melhor corrigida na última consulta de acompanhamento, embora a recuperação tenha sido limitada.

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PURPOSE: To describe and value a peculiar alteration typically found in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment raising news foundations of its role in the photoreceptors and visual prognosis. DESIGN: Case description and rationale formulation. SUBJECTS: An isolated case. INTERVENTION: We report a case of a 52-year-old male patient complaining of sudden visual acuity (VA) loss in the left eye. Fundoscopic findings revealed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, macula off, and an isolated horseshoe tear in the infero-temporal periphery. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) evinced prominent hydration retinal folds. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Restructuring of the retinal layers, visual acuity and complaints. RESULTS: The patient underwent scleral buckling surgery with complete re-attachment of the retina and significant improvement of the hydration retinal folds. In addition, there was resolution of visual symptoms, with a final VA of 20/30. CONCLUSIONS: We speculate that the increase in arc length of the outer retina generates a centripetal force towards the fovea. Its association with the higher density of photoreceptors in this region, generates resistance in the water inflow, preventing swelling and cellular damage of the central photoreceptors.

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Objetivo: Determinar los resultados de la técnica quirúrgica de identación escleral y la de retinopexia neumática en el desprendimiento regmatógeno de retina. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo en pacientes operados con la técnica de identación escleral y la de retinopexia neumática en el Centro Oftalmológico de Villa Clara entre junio de 2019 y diciembre de 2020. Resultados: Los hombres fueron los más afectados y la edad media fue de 57,5 años. En el 72,7 por ciento la rotura causante del desprendimiento fueron los desgarros en herradura. La media del tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad fue de 7,2 días y el 77,3 por ciento de los ojos presentaba mácula desprendida al momento del diagnóstico. El 68,2 por ciento tuvo una agudeza visual mejor corregida preoperatoria < 20/200. Los pacientes con mácula desprendida preoperatoria alcanzaron como media una agudeza visual final de 0,4 ± 0,3 (desviación estándar). En el 86,4 y el 77,3 por ciento de los ojos se lograron buenos resultados anatómicos y funcionales finales. Las membranas epirretinales se presentaron como complicación posoperatoria en ambas técnicas quirúrgicas y el líquido subretinal residual solo en la retinopexia neumática. Conclusiones: El desprendimiento regmatógeno de retina se presenta con pobre agudeza visual preoperatoria. Con ambas técnicas quirúrgicas, en pacientes con ninguna o mínima vitreorretinopatía proliferativa, se logran buenos resultados anatómicos y funcionales.

Objective: Determine the results of the surgical technique of scleral buckling and neumatic retinopexy in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods: A prospective longitudinal descriptive study was conduced of patients undergoing scleral buckling and neumatic retinopexy at Villa Clara Ophthalmology Center from June 2019 to December 2020. Results: Male gender prevailed; mean age was 57.5 years. In 72.7 percent of the cases the retinal break causing the detachment was a U-shaped tear. Mean time of evolution of the disease was 7.2 days, and 77.3 percent of the eyes had a detached macula at diagnosis. In 68.2 percent preoperative best corrected visual acuity was <20/200. Patients with a preoperative detached macula achieved a mean final visual acuity of 0.4 ± 0.3 (standard deviation). Good final anatomical and functional results were obtained in 86.4 percent and 77.3 percent of the eyes. Epiretinal membranes were a postoperative complication in both surgical techniques, whereas residual subretinal fluid was a complication only in neumatic retinopexy. Conclusions: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment presents with poor preoperative visual acuity. Both surgical techniques obtain good anatomical and functional results in patients with minimum or no proliferative vitreoretinopathy(AU)

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe a new surgical instrument that simplifies 360° silicone band placement, alone or in combination with pars plana vitrectomy, for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. METHODS: The instrument has a straight shank and a curved component in the form of a partial helix, whose purpose is to encircle the perimeter of the eye globe below the rectus muscles. The distal tip of the helix is inserted through a small conjunctival incision in the superior temporal quadrant, and the shank is rotated 360° on its axis until the tip emerges from the insertion point. One end of the silicone band is sutured to the tip, and the instrument is rotated in the opposite direction until both ends of the band are positioned in the same scleral quadrant. The band is sutured to the sclera and the conjunctival incision is closed. Pars plana vitrectomy can then be performed using transconjunctival microincision techniques through the intact conjunctiva. RESULTS: Our experience using the instrument in more than 100 procedures has shown that the new technique considerably reduces surgical trauma: wide opening of the conjunctiva is obviated, there is little manipulation of the extraocular musculature, and only a few sutures are needed. The duration of the procedure is considerably shorter because of the smaller number of surgical maneuvers. CONCLUSION: We describe a new scleral technique facilitated by this surgical instrument, whose objective is safe and effective placement of an encircling silicone band with minimum trauma and a reduction in operating time.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of surgical treatment of retinal detachment secondary to ocular toxoplasmosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from patients who had undergone vitreoretinal surgery for retinal detachment secondary to ocular toxoplasmosis was conducted. The parameters that were analyzed include surgical procedures, anatomical outcomes, visual acuity, and postoperative complications. Results: This study included 22 patients, of which 13 were female (59.1%). The mean age was 28.5 years (SD ± 14.5, range 12-78 years) and the follow-up period varied from 1 to 163 months (mean 64 months). The mean baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 2.0 logMAR (SD ± 1.0). A total of 31 surgeries were performed, and the retina was reattached in 15 patients (68.2%) immediately after the first surgery and in 20 patients (90.9%) at a later point. The mean postoperative BCVA improved to 1.3 logMAR (SD ± 0.9) (p<0.05). Nineteen patients (86.4%) underwent cataract surgery with intraocular lens implant, and 12 patients (60.0%) underwent silicone oil removal. Five patients (22.7%) exhibited elevated intraocular pressure, and 1 patient (4.5%) developed hypotonia. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of retinal detachment secondary to ocular toxoplasmosis resulted in considerable anatomical and functional improvement. Although PPV with silicone oil injection demonstrated the best outcomes, it is not reasonable to conclude that this is the best surgical approach given the small number of patients included in this study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados anatômicos e funcionais após o tratamento do descolamento de retina secundário à toxoplasmose ocular. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de dados de um banco de dados validado, que incluiu registros de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia vitreorretiniana para descolamento de retina secundário a toxoplasmose ocular. Foram analisados procedimentos cirúrgicos, sucesso anatômico, acuidade visual e complicações pós-operatórias. Resultados: Foram avaliados 22 olhos de 22 pacientes. Treze eram do sexo feminino (59,1%) e a idade média era de 28,5 anos (DP ± 14,5, intervalo de 12 a 78 anos). O período de acompanhamento variou de 1 a 163 meses (média de 64 meses). A melhor acuidade visual corrigida (BCVA) foi 2,0 logMAR (SD ± 1,0). Em geral, entre retinopexia (RSB) e vitrectomia pars plana (PPV) utilizando injeção de óleo de gás ou de silicone (SO), realizaram-se 31 cirurgias. A retina foi considerada colada em 15 olhos (68,2%) na primeira cirurgia e em 20 olhos (90,9%) ao final do estudo. A BCVA pós-operatória média melhorou para 1,3 logMAR (SD ± 0,9) (p<0,05). Dezenove olhos (86,4%) foram submetidos à cirurgia de catarata com implante de lente intraocular e 12 olhos (60,0%) tiveram remoção de óleo de silicone. Cinco olhos (22,7%) desenvolveram pressão intraocu­lar elevada e 1 (4,5%) desenvolveu hipotonia. Conclusão: A abordagem cirúrgica no descolamento de retina secundária a toxoplasmose ocular permitiu importante melhora anatômica e funcional. Embora a PPV com injeção de óleo de silicone tenha demonstrado melhores resultados, não é viável afirmar que é a melhor técnica cirúrgica, devido ao pequeno número e às particularidades dos olhos tratados.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in corneal topography after 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy associated with scleral buckling for the repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. METHODS: Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were included in this study. 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy associated with scleral buckling was performed in all patients. The corneal topography of each was measured before surgery and one week, one month, and three months after surgery by computer-assisted videokeratoscopy. RESULTS: A statistically significant central corneal steepening (average, 0,9 D , p<0,001) was noted one week after surgery. The total corneal astigmatism had a significant increase in the first postoperative month (p=0,007). All these topographic changes persisted for the first month but returned to preoperative values three months after the surgery. CONCLUSION: Pars plana vitrectomy with scleral buckling was found to induce transient changes in corneal topography.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações topográficas da córnea após a realização de vitrectomia via pars plana 20-gauge associada à introflexão escleral para o tratamento do descolamento de retina regmatogênico. MÉTODOS: Vinte e cinco pacientes com descolamento de retina regmatogênico foram incluídos neste estudo. Vitrectomia via pars plana 20-gauge associada à introflexão escleral foi realizada em todos os pacientes. O exame de topografia de córnea computadorizada de cada paciente foi realizado antes da cirurgia e ao sétimo dia, trigésimo dia e três meses após a cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Um aumento da curvatura corneana estatisticamente significativo foi encontrado no sétimo dia após a cirurgia (média 0,9 D, p<0,001). O astigmatismo corneano total teve um aumento significativo no primeiro mês pós-operatório (p=0,007).Todas as alterações topográficas persistiram no primeiro mês pós-operatório, mas retornaram aos valores pré-operatórios três meses após a cirurgia. CONCLUSÃO: A vitrectomia via pars plana associada à introflexão escleral pode induzir alterações transitórias na topografia corneana.

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OBJETIVE: To describe the reattachment rate and visual acuity results of patients with uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent segmental scleral buckle surgery. METHODS: Prospective case series of 100 patients with visual loss or symptoms (floaters and photopsia) of less than 30 days' duration scheduled for surgery. No patient had a retinal break greater than 30°, a retinal detachment larger than 2 quadrants or proliferative vitreoretinopathy. RESULTS: The 1-week, 1-month, and 6-month anatomical success rates were 93%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Seven patients underwent one additional retinal detachment surgery (pars plan vitrectomy) after primary failure at 1-week follow-up. The preoperative, 1-month, and 6-month best correct visual acuity were 20/100, 20/80, and 20/50, respectively. The postoperative complications were: eyelid edema in 10% of the patients, transient ocular hypertension in 5%, macular pucker in 3%, transient diplopia in 3%, and hyphema (<0.5mm) in 1%. CONCLUSION: In patients with uncomplicated retinal detachment, segmental scleral buckle showed a very good anatomical and functional success, with a few number of major complications.

OBJETIVO: Descrever a taxa de reaplicação e os resultados da acuidade visual dos pacientes com descolamento de retina regmatogênico simples que se submeteram à cirurgia de introflexão escleral segmentar. MÉTODOS: Uma série de casos prospectivo de 100 pacientes com perda visual ou sintomas (floaters e fotopsia), com duração inferior a 30 dias, agendados para a cirurgia. Nenhum paciente apresentou uma ruptura da retina superior a 30°, um descolamento de retina maior que 2 quadrantes ou vitreorretinopatia. RESULTADOS: As taxas de sucesso anatômico em 1 semana, 1 mês e 6 meses foram de 93%, 100% e 100%, respectivamente. Sete pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia de descolamento de retina adicional (vitrectomia via pars plana) após falha primária em uma semana de seguimento. A melhor acuidade visual pré-operatória, 1 mês, e de 6 meses pós-operatório foram 20/100, 20/80 e 20/50, respectivamente. As complicações pós-operatórias foram: edema palpebral em 10% dos pacientes, a hipertensão ocular transitória em 5%, pucker macular em 3%, diplopia transiente em 3%, e hifema (<0,5 mm) em 1%. CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes com descolamento da retina sem complicações, a cirurgia de introflexão segmentar escleral mostrou um sucesso anatômico e funcional muito bom, com um número menor de complicações maiores.

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The authors relate an uncommon case of pyogenic granuloma restricted to tarsal conjunctiva post retinopexy with scleral buckle.

Os autores relatam um caso de granuloma piogênico subconjuntival pós retinopexia com introflexão escleral. É uma complicação pós-cirúrgica incomum neste tipo de procedimento.

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If the ocular media are clear, indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy allows retinal detachment and retinal tear identification and treatment under direct visualization. However, if opacities are present preventing direct fundus examination, ultrasonography becomes the most important tool for evaluating the posterior segment. In addition, ultrasonography can be useful in retinal tear treatment by guiding cryotherapy. In this article we describe a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treatment technique applied to a patient with corneal opacity. Cryopexy and circumferential and radial buckle positioning were guided by ultrasonography, resulting in retinal attachment during the 6-month follow-up period.

Quando os meios oculares são transparentes, oftalmoscopia binocular indireta permite a identificação de descolamento de retina e roturas, bem como seu tratamento sob visibilização direta. Porém, em olhos que apresentam opacidades de meios impedindo o exame oftalmoscópico, a ultrassonografia constitui o exame mais importante do segmento posterior do olho. Além disso, o tratamento de roturas retinianas também pode ser auxiliado pelo uso desse equipamento, orientando a crioterapia. Neste trabalho será apresentada técnica de tratamento de descolamento de retina regmatogênico, no qual a criopexia e o posicionamento dos "buckles" episclerais circunferencial e radial foram guiados pelo ultrassom em paciente com leucoma corneano. O tratamento resultou em aplicação retiniana durante o seguimento em seis meses.

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PURPOSE: To compare the surgical results of vitrectomy with and without scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD). METHODS: Fifty-one patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) at different stages were submitted to pars plana vitrectomy as the primary surgery, 23 patients (45.09 percent) with scleral buckle (group I) and 28 (54.90 percent) without scleral buckle (group II). Visual acuity, anterior segment complications, intraocular pressure, strabismus and retina reattachment rate were evaluated in both groups. RESULTS: The anatomical success and postoperative complications were similar in both groups. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 20 of 23 eyes (87 percent) of group I and in 24 of 28 eyes (85.7 percent) of group II after the initial surgery (p=1.000). Elevated intraocular pressure was noted in 2 eyes (8.7 percent) of group I and 1 eye (3.6 percent) of group II (p=0.583). Corneal abnormalities were seen in 3 eyes (13 percent) of group I and 2 eyes (7.19 percent) of the group II (p=0.647). Visual acuity improved from a preoperative median of 20/200 to a median of 20/100 in group 1 and from 20/400 to 20/100 in group 2; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean follow-up period was 10 months, ranging from 6 to 18 months. CONCLUSIONS: Both surgical procedures had similar reattachment rates. Intra- and postoperative complications were similar considering both procedures. Visual acuity improved significantly in group 2 (vitrectomy without scleral buckling).

OBJETIVOS: Comparar os resultados cirúrgicos da vitrectomia com e sem "buckle" escleral para descolamento da retina regmatogênico (DR). MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta e um pacientes com descolamento da retina regmatogênico com proliferação vitreorretiniana (PVR) em diferentes estádios foram submetidos a vitrectomia pars plana como cirurgia primária; 23 pacientes (45,09 por cento) com buckle escleral (grupo 1) e 28 pacientes (54,90 por cento) sem "buckle" escleral (grupo 2). Acuidade visual, complicações do segmento anterior, pressão intra-ocular, estrabismo e razão do redescolamento da retina foram avaliados em ambos os grupos. RESULTADOS: O sucesso anatômico e complicações pós-operatórias foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos. A reaplicação da retina foi obtida em 20 dos 23 olhos (87 por cento) no grupo 1 e em 24 dos 28 olhos (85,7 por cento) no grupo 2 após a cirurgia inicial (p=1,000). Aumento da pressão intra-ocular foi notada em 2 olhos (8,7 por cento) no grupo 1 e em 1 olho (3,6 por cento) no grupo 2 (p=0,583). Anormalidades na córnea foram vistas em 3 olhos (13 por cento) no grupo 1 e em 2 olhos (7,19 por cento) no grupo 2 (p=0,647). A acuidade visual melhorou de uma média pré-operatória de 20/200 para uma média de 20/100 no grupo 1 e de 20/400 para 20/100 no grupo 2, com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos (p<0,05). O período médio de seguimento foi de 10 meses, variando entre 6 e 18 meses. CONCLUSÕES: Ambos procedimentos cirúrgicos tiveram razão semelhante de reaplicação da retina. Complicações intra- e pós-operatória foram semelhantes em ambos os procedimentos. A acuidade visual melhorou significativamente no grupo 2 (vitrectomia sem "buckle" escleral).

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