RESUMO
Chemoreception through odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs) and gustatory receptors (GRs) represents the functions of key proteins in the chemical ecology of insects. Recent studies have identified chemoreceptors in coleopterans, facilitating the evolutionary analysis of not only ORs but also IRs and GRs. Thus, Cerambycidae, Tenebrionidae and Curculionidae have received increased attention. However, knowledge of the chemoreceptors from Scarabaeidae is still limited, particularly for those that are sympatric. Considering the roles of chemoreceptors, this analysis could shed light on evolutionary processes in the context of sympatry. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and compare the repertoires of ORs, GRs and IRs between two sympatric scarab beetles, Hylamorpha elegans and Brachysternus prasinus. Here, construction of the antennal transcriptomes of both scarab beetle species and analyses of their phylogeny, molecular evolution and relative expression were performed. Thus, 119 new candidate chemoreceptors were identified for the first time, including 17 transcripts for B. prasinus (1 GR, 3 IRs and 13 ORs) and 102 for H. elegans (22 GRs, 14 IRs and 66 ORs). Orthologs between the two scarab beetle species were found, revealing specific expansions as well as absence in some clades. Purifying selection appears to have occurred on H. elegans and B. prasinus ORs. Further efforts will be focused on target identification to characterize kairomone and/or pheromone receptors.
Assuntos
Besouros , Receptores Odorantes , Gorgulhos , Animais , Transcriptoma , Simpatria , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Besouros/genética , Besouros/metabolismo , Gorgulhos/genética , Filogenia , Receptores Odorantes/genética , Receptores Odorantes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insetos/genética , Proteínas de Insetos/metabolismo , Antenas de Artrópodes/metabolismoRESUMO
Two new species of the Pelidnota liturella species group are described from Brazil, Pelidnota everardoi sp. nov. and P. luciae sp. nov. The new species are included on the Pelidnota key proposed previously in the literature and an identification key is provided for the Pelidnota liturella species group. Diagnostic characters of the new species, illustrations of male genitalia, and photographs of type material are provided. Furthermore, notes about the Pelidnota liturella species group distribution and new Brazilian state records for two species are also provided: P. flavovittata (Perty, 1830) from Goiás, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo; and P. liturella liturella (Kirby, 1819) from Ceará. Finally, distributional maps for all the P. liturella species group are provided.
Assuntos
Besouros , Animais , Brasil , Genitália Masculina , MasculinoRESUMO
Plectris alienaChapin, 1934, a white grub that promotes serious damage to a variety of crops in North America and Australia, has been reported for the first time in Brazil. Larvae and adults of P. aliena were recorded in sugarcane crops in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, sampled by trenches in the soil with light traps, respectively, during 2012 and 2013. Root consumption was also determined for the first, second and third instar larvae. The species is univoltine; adults were found mainly in Aug and the peak of third instar larval density was in Apr in all fields sampled. Pupae and adults of P. aliena were observed in the soil profile at depths of up to 60 and 80 cm, respectively. Larvae of P. aliena of the second and third instar consumed the primary and secondary roots of sugarcane, causing serious damage. Third instar larvae consumed 916 mg of root fresh matter, representing 72 % of the sugarcane root system. These results assist in furthering the understanding of its larval dynamics in the soil and provide support for Integrated Pest Management.
Assuntos
Besouros , Controle de Pragas/métodos , Saccharum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pragas da AgriculturaRESUMO
Plectris aliena Chapin, 1934, a white grub that promotes serious damage to a variety of crops in North America and Australia, has been reported for the first time in Brazil. Larvae and adults of P. aliena were recorded in sugarcane crops in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, sampled by trenches in the soil with light traps, respectively, during 2012 and 2013. Root consumption was also determined for the first, second and third instar larvae. The species is univoltine; adults were found mainly in Aug and the peak of third instar larval density was in Apr in all fields sampled. Pupae and adults of P. aliena were observed in the soil profile at depths of up to 60 and 80 cm, respectively. Larvae of P. aliena of the second and third instar consumed the primary and secondary roots of sugarcane, causing serious damage. Third instar larvae consumed 916 mg of root fresh matter, representing 72 % of the sugarcane root system. These results assist in furthering the understanding of its larval dynamics in the soil and provide support for Integrated Pest Management.
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros/parasitologia , Distribuição Temporal , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Saccharum/parasitologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Plectris alienaChapin, 1934, a white grub that promotes serious damage to a variety of crops in North America and Australia, has been reported for the first time in Brazil. Larvae and adults of P. aliena were recorded in sugarcane crops in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, sampled by trenches in the soil with light traps, respectively, during 2012 and 2013. Root consumption was also determined for the first, second and third instar larvae. The species is univoltine; adults were found mainly in Aug and the peak of third instar larval density was in Apr in all fields sampled. Pupae and adults of P. aliena were observed in the soil profile at depths of up to 60 and 80 cm, respectively. Larvae of P. aliena of the second and third instar consumed the primary and secondary roots of sugarcane, causing serious damage. Third instar larvae consumed 916 mg of root fresh matter, representing 72 % of the sugarcane root system. These results assist in furthering the understanding of its larval dynamics in the soil and provide support for Integrated Pest Management.
RESUMO
The morphological limits of the genus Parabyrsopolis Ohaus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini: Areodina) are redefined and Parabyrsopolis moroni new species is described from west-central Mexico. With this addition, the genus now includes five species that are distributed from southwestern United States of America to central Mexico. Diagnostic morphological characters and comparison with other Parabyrsopolis species are included, and some considerations about the morphological limits between Parabyrsopolis and Viridimicus Jameson are discussed.
Assuntos
Besouros , Animais , MéxicoRESUMO
The larvae of Cotinis aliena Woodruff, 2008 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Gymnetini), from the type locality in the Florida Keys (United States of America), are described and illustrated for the first time and compared with the known larvae of other Cotinis Burmeister, 1842 species. A revised key to the known third instars of New World Gymnetini is provided.
Assuntos
Besouros , Animais , Florida , LarvaRESUMO
We provided a taxonomic synopsis of the species of the genus Tomarus Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) of Peru. Diagnosis, illustrations, photographs, and maps are presented for each species and a taxonomic key to known species in the country is also included.
Assuntos
Besouros , Animais , PeruRESUMO
RESUMEN Se estudió la composición faunística de los escarabajos coprófagos en cuatro sitios de muestreo en la zona norte de la Serranía de La Lindosa en el Departamento del Guaviare, evaluando la diversidad y la estructura de los ensamblajes que se compararon con trabajos realizados en otras zonas de la Guyana biogeográfica. Los resultados muestran valores bajos en la diversidad, propios de zonas con baja disponibilidad de recursos y gran exigencia climática y el predominio de especies de hábito de nidificación cavadora sobre especies residentes y rodadoras. La composición de la fauna presenta gran número de especies comunes con otras áreas de la región, similar a las afinidades encontradas para otros taxones que apoyan los nexos de estas serranías colombianas con los escudos guyanés y brasileño.
ABSTRACT Faunal composition of the coprophagous beetles was studied in four sampling sites in the northern area from the Serranía de La Lindosa in Guaviare, testing diversity values and structure of the assemblages that were compared with other research done in any other areas of Biogeographical Guyana. The results showed low diversity values, typical of areas with low availability of resources and extreme climatic conditions and showed the predominance of species with nesting digging habit over resident and rolling species. The fauna composition presents a large number of common species with any other areas of the region, as occur as other affinities found for other taxa that support the links of these Colombian mountains to the Guyanese and Brazilian shields.
RESUMO
Chrysina chimalapensis new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini), from the region of Chimalapas, Oaxaca, Mexico is described and illustrated. A key to the species of the C. quiche species group is included. Plusiotis neotenochca Morón Nogueira is placed as a new junior synonym of Chrysina paulseni Hawks, and C. aenigmatica (Morón) as a new junior synonym of C. modesta Sturm. Chrysina benesi from Guatemala, and C. quetzalcoatli from Nicaragua are recorded as new country records. Chrysina quetzalcoatli Morón and C. triumphalis Morón are also recorded for the first time for the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, and C. victorina (Hope) for the state of Veracruz, Mexico.
Assuntos
Besouros , Animais , Guatemala , México , NicaráguaRESUMO
A new Orizabus species is described from Chilapa de Álvarez in the state of Guerrero (Mexico). The new species is similar to Orizabus rawlinsi Dechambre Bull Soc Entomol Fr 98:342, 1993, which is known from the state of Oaxaca but differs in the pygidial punctation, and the shape of the marginal pronotal bead and the parameres. A revised identification key to Orizabus species is provided.
Assuntos
Besouros/anatomia & histologia , Besouros/classificação , Animais , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
The subfamily Orphninae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is reviewed from Madagascar. A total of four genera and 39 species were found, all being endemic to the island. The following five new species are described: Triodontus ankarafantsikae, Triodontus lemoulti, Triodontus viettei, Triodontus fairmairei, and Triodontus inexpectatus. The following new synonymies are proposed: Orphnus nigrita Brancsik, 1893 is synonym of Triodontus hova (Fairmaire, 1868); Triodontus occidentalis Paulian, 1977 and Orphnus obsoletus Brancsik, 1893 are synonyms of Triodontus nitidulus (Guérin-Méneville, 1844); Triodontus vadoni Paulian, 1977 and Triodontus perrotorum Paulian, 1977 are synonyms of Triodontus owas Westwood, 1852. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: Orphnus nitidulus Guérin-Méneville, 1844 and Orphnidius modestus Benderitter, 1914. Keys, descriptions, illustrations of habitus and male genitalia, and distributional records maps are given for all species.