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Resumen OBJETIVO: Evaluar la concordancia diagnóstica entre la citología y la colposcopia respecto del diagnóstico histopatológico de cáncer cervicouterino en mujeres del estado de San Luis Potosí que acudieron a un hospital de segundo nivel de atención. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio correlacional efectuado en un hospital de segundo nivel de atención del Municipio de San Luis Potosí, entre 2015 y 2017. Criterios de inclusión: reunir tres reportes de las pruebas de Papanicolaou, colposcopia e histopatología basados en la clasificación de Richart, ser usuarias de la clínica de colposcopia del hospital y haber firmado el consentimiento informado. Para evaluar la concordancia diagnóstica, tomando como referencia el resultado histopatológico, se realizó la prueba de Kappa. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 379 pacientes con media de edad de 34.61 años. La sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo de la prueba de Papanicolaou fueron: 95.60, 6.60, 96.13 y 5.82%, respectivamente. La sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo de la colposcopia fueron: 95.98, 33.33, 98.90 y 11.76%, respectivamente. Al hacer la prueba de Kappa el desenlace para el Papanicolaou fue: 0.021 (p = 0.677) y para la colposcopia 0.154 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONES: La sensibilidad de la prueba diagnóstica de Papanicolaou y la colposcopia fue alta al igual que el valor predictivo positivo. Es importante analizar las variables que pudieran estar ocasionando la discordancia diagnóstica entre Papanicolaou-colposcopia-histopatología.
Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic concordance between cytology and colposcopy with respect to the histopathological diagnosis of cervical cancer in women from the state of San Luis Potosí who attended a second-level care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Correlational study performed in a second-level care hospital in the municipality of San Luis Potosí, between 2015 and 2017. Inclusion criteria: to gather three reports of Papanicolaou, colposcopy and histopathology tests based on Richart's classification, to be users of the hospital's colposcopy clinic and to have signed the informed consent. To evaluate the diagnostic concordance, taking the histopathological result as a reference, the Kappa test was performed. RESULTS: We studied 379 patients with a mean age of 34.61 years. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the Papanicolaou test were: 95.60, 6.60, 96.13 and 5.82%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of colposcopy were: 95.98, 33.33, 98.90 and 11.76%, respectively. When doing the Kappa test the outcome for Papanicolaou was: 0.021 (p = 0.677) and for colposcopy 0.154 (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of the Papanicolaou diagnostic test and colposcopy was high as was the positive predictive value. It is important to analyze the variables that could be causing the diagnostic discordance between Papanicolaou-colposcopy-histopathology.
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Abstract: Studies on biological diversity are essential to generate baseline information in natural protected areas. In the present study, we developed a multi-taxonomic inventory in the Sierra del Abra Tanchipa Biosphere Reserve, located northeast of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Systematic samplings were performed between January 2017 to May 2018, for the taxonomic groups of flora, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. A total of 3 730 records of 683 species were obtained, corresponding to 427 species of flora, 10 of amphibians, 20 of reptiles, 192 of birds, and 34 of mammals, from which 47 species are threatened. The results obtained represent the critical biodiversity that can be found in this natural protected area. The information will be useful for decision-making on the management and conservation of biodiversity in the Sierra Madre Oriental's ecological corridor.
Resumo: Los estudios sobre biodiversidad son fundamentales para generar información de línea base para las áreas naturales protegidas. En el presente estudio se desarrolló un inventario multitaxonómico de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra del Abra Tanchipa, ubicada al noreste del estado de San Luis Potosí, México. Se realizaron muestreos sistemáticos para los grupos taxonómicos de flora, anfibios, reptiles, aves y mamíferos y se construyó una base de datos donde se incluyeron todos los registros por grupo taxonómico. Se obtuvieron un total de 3 730 registros de 683 especies, que corresponden a 427 especies de flora, 10 especies de anfibios, 20 especies de reptiles, 192 especies de aves y 34 especies de mamíferos; de las que 47 especies se encuentran en alguna categoría de riesgo. Los resultados obtenidos son una muestra representativa de la importante biodiversidad que es posible encontrar en esta Área Natural Protegida. La información será útil para la toma de decisiones sobre las acciones de manejo y conservación de la biodiversidad en el Corredor Ecológico de la Sierra Madre Oriental.
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We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in 117 Mexicans from the state of San Luis Potosí living in the city of San Luis Potosí (Nâ¯=â¯30) and rural communities (Nâ¯=â¯87), to obtain information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies. We find that the most frequent haplotypes in the state include 13 Native American, six European, two African and two Asian haplotypes. Admixture estimates revealed that the main genetic components are Native American (52.72⯱â¯0.66% by ML; 48.29% of Native American haplotypes) and European (34.62⯱â¯4.28% by ML; 32.48% of European haplotypes), and a relatively high African genetic component (12.66⯱â¯4.61% by ML; 10.26% of African haplotypes).
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Etnicidade/genética , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional , Antígenos HLA/genética , Alelos , Frequência do Gene , Geografia , Haplótipos , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , México , População RuralRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Worldwide, Cervical Cancer (CC) is the fourth most common type of cancer and cause of death in women. It is a significant public health problem, especially in low and middle-income/Gross Domestic Product (GDP) countries. In the past decade, several studies of CC have been published, that identify the main modifiable and non-modifiable CC risk factors for Mexican women. However, there are no studies that attempt to explain the residual spatial variation in CC incidence In Mexico, i.e. spatial variation that cannot be ascribed to known, spatially varying risk factors. METHODS: This paper uses a spatial statistical methodology that takes into account spatial variation in socio-economic factors and accessibility to health services, whilst allowing for residual, unexplained spatial variation in risk. To describe residual spatial variations in CC risk, we used generalised linear mixed models (GLMM) with both spatially structured and unstructured random effects, using a Bayesian approach to inference. RESULTS: The highest risk is concentrated in the southeast, where the Matlapa and Aquismón municipalities register excessive risk, with posterior probabilities greater than 0.8. The lack of coverage of Cervical Cancer-Screening Programme (CCSP) (RR 1.17, 95 % CI 1.12-1.22), Marginalisation Index (RR 1.05, 95 % CI 1.03-1.08), and lack of accessibility to health services (RR 1.01, 95 % CI 1.00-1.03) were significant covariates. CONCLUSIONS: There are substantial differences between municipalities, with high-risk areas mainly in low-resource areas lacking accessibility to health services for CC. Our results clearly indicate the presence of spatial patterns, and the relevance of the spatial analysis for public health intervention. Ignoring the spatial variability means to continue a public policy that does not tackle deficiencies in its national CCSP and to keep disadvantaging and disempowering Mexican women in regard to their health care.
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Anaemia in children is a public health concern in Mexico; Federal food assistance programmes are being implemented to prevent it. We undertook this research to investigate the indirect association between food assistance programmes (FAP) and anaemia through dietary and socio-economic conditions of beneficiary children. A structural equation model (SEM) was constructed to assess associations among FAP, dietary and socio-economic conditions, as well as anaemia. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted based on a sample of 1214 households with children <5 years old, beneficiaries of two FAP: Prospera and rescue from malnutrition with amaranth (RMA) and a comparison group in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The SEM and a decomposition effect analysis revealed the existence of a significant indirect association of FAP on the prevalence of anaemia via dietary and socio-economic conditions in children under 5 years old. The Prospera assistance programme showed a significant indirect positive association with the prevalence of anaemia (standard coefficient=0·027, P<0·031), and the RMA programme showed a significant indirect negative association with the prevalence of anaemia (standard coefficient=-0·029, P=0·047). There was a direct association between FAP and dietary and socio-economic conditions. FAP could indirectly modify the prevalence of anaemia in young children with a direct improvement on dietary and socio-economic conditions. The unexpected finding of the association between RMA, dietary and socio-economic conditions and the prevalence of anaemia reflects differences in the focus of the programmes.
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Anemia/prevenção & controle , Assistência Alimentar/organização & administração , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/prevenção & controle , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Suplementos Nutricionais , Humanos , México , PobrezaRESUMO
Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación educativa en la materia de Patrimonio Documental impartida en la Escuela de Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Para la investigación, se siguieron tres momentos. En la primera etapa se investigaron los resultados del uso de las herramientas didácticas como los mapas conceptuales, los estudios de caso y los problemas, entre otros. En la segunda se aplicó un cuestionario sobre el aprendizaje de la asignatura para determinar los temas de interés o los que fueron complicados para estudiantes, y que requirieron de reforzamiento o mayor profundización. En la tercera se elaboró una rúbrica que establece un parámetro de los posibles resultados finales del aprendizaje del grupo. Lo más importante de la aplicación fue la identificación puntual de las barreras de aprendizaje y la realización de acciones para que el alumnado se apropiara del conocimiento. Las partes fuertes del curso se relacionaron con las áreas directamente correspondientes a las Ciencias de la Información Documental y la historia. La parte más débil es la tasación o asignación del valor económico de los bienes bibliográficos y documentales, en virtud de que esta se consolida con un amplio conocimiento del mercado y con la experiencia.
This paper presents the results of educational research in the field of documentary heritage taught at the School of Information Sciences at the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi. For research, three elements are followed. The first element results of the use of teaching tools such as concept maps, case studies and problems, among others that were investigated. The second consists of a questionnaire on learning of the subject he is used to determine the topics of interest or those that were complicated for students and required reinforcement or further explanations. The third one consists on the development of a rubric establishing a parameter of possible final learning outcomes of the group. Regarding the application, the most important was timely identification of students' barriers for learning and performing actions to take ownership of knowledge. The strongest parts of the class directly related to the areas corresponding to Sciences of the Documentary Information and history. The weakest part is pricing or allocation of the economic value of library and documentary goods, due to the fact that this task is consolidated with extensive market knowledge and experience.
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Miguel Otero y Arce fue uno de los fundadores de la pediatría en San Luis Potosí, y un estudioso acerca del tifo y de la rabia, al grado de que produjo la vacuna antirrábica en aquel Estado. Además, escribió múltiples artículos acerca de temas médicos.
Miguel Otero y Arce was one of the founders of pediatrics in San Luis Potosí, and one studious about typhus and rabies, producing a vaccine against rabies in that state. Moreover, he writed many articles about medical themes.