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Background: Recent advancements reveal saliva as a crucial source of diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases, notably gastric cancer. This systematic review evaluates these biomarkers, emphasizing their clinical applicability and potential in early detection. Methods: An extensive electronic search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies. Salivary biomarkers were analyzed as independent variables, with gastric cancer as the dependent variable. The study adhered to a protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021259519). Results: Our analysis identified a range of biomarkers, highlighting three proteins - cystatin-B (CSTB), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1), and deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein (DMBT1) - as particularly accurate for gastric cancer diagnosis. Conclusions: Salivary biomarkers hold substantial promise for the early detection of gastric cancer. Future research should aim to refine study design and validation for enhancing the quality and applicability of these biomarkers.
Introducción: Avances recientes revelan la saliva como una fuente crucial de biomarcadores diagnósticos para diversas enfermedades, especialmente el cáncer gástrico. Esta revisión sistemática evalúa estos biomarcadores, con énfasis en su aplicabilidad clínica y potencial para la detección temprana. Métodos: Se realizó una extensa búsqueda electrónica en PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus y Web of Science para identificar estudios relevantes. Los biomarcadores salivales fueron analizados como variables independientes, con el cáncer gástrico como variable dependiente. El estudio siguió un protocolo registrado en PROSPERO (CRD42021259519). Resultados: Nuestro análisis identificó una gama de biomarcadores entre los que destacan tres proteínas: cistatina-B (CSTB), triosa fosfato isomerasa (TPI1) y proteína 1 eliminada en tumores cerebrales malignos (DMBT1), como particularmente precisas para el diagnóstico del cáncer gástrico. Conclusiones: : Los biomarcadores salivales tienen un gran potencial para la detección temprana del cáncer gástrico. La investigación futura debería apuntar a refinar el diseño del estudio y la validación para mejorar la calidad y aplicabilidad de estos biomarcadores.
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OBJECTIVES: Longitudinal assessment of the role of specific proteins on radiotherapy caries (RC) onset in head and neck cancer patients(HNC) up to one-year post-IMRT using a 5000ppm fluoride paste daily. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental status/salivary protein data were obtained from 40 HNC patients pre-IMRT, six months (T1) and 12 months (T2) post-IMRT (ethical approval/consent). DMFT/salivary parameters were quantified, including flow rate, mucin 5B/7, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), cystatin S and α-amylase. RESULTS: 45% patients had at least one carious lesion at T2, a significant reduction in the number of remaining teeth (65% <21), salivary flow rate (< 50%) and, protein secretion (< 0.05) post-IMRT. T1 IgA concentration/secretion rate was associated with RC (p < 0.05). Finally, IgA and total protein concentration obtained at T1 could provide a predictive pattern (AUC 82.3%) for the patients more predisposed to developing RC at T2. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the significant association of RC with salivary proteins in HNC patients treated with IMRT, revealing the potential role of salivary proteins in the early diagnosis of RC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This research contributes to revealing salivary proteins association with RC, and its role in early diagnosis. Therefore, this could be the first step towards personalized medicine approaches to improve this group quality-of-life.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Dentifrícios , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Radioterapia de Intensidade Modulada , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares , Humanos , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Cárie Dentária/etiologia , Masculino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Longitudinais , Dentifrícios/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Fluoretos/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Índice CPO , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Saliva/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The objective was to evaluate the effects of experimental apical periodontitis on the inflammatory, functional, biochemical, and redox parameters of the parotid and submandibular glands in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty 12-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10): a control group and apical periodontitis group. After 28 days, the saliva was collected for salivary flow rate and biochemistry composition. Both glands were sampled for quantification of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and biochemical analyses of redox state. RESULTS: TNF-α concentrations were higher in both salivary glands adjacent to the periapical lesions in animals with apical periodontitis and also compared to the control group. The apical periodontitis group increased the salivary amylase, chloride, potassium, calcium, and phosphate. The total oxidant capacity increased in the parotid gland adjacent to the periapical lesions in the same rat and compared to the control group. Conversely, the total antioxidant capacity of the parotid glands on both sides in the apical periodontitis group was lower than that in the control group. Furthermore, glutathione peroxidase activity increased in the submandibular gland adjacent to the apical periodontitis group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental apical periodontitis alters salivary biochemical composition, in addition to increasing inflammatory marker and inducing local disturbances in the redox state in the parotid and submandibular glands of male rats. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Apical periodontitis could exacerbate the decline in oral health by triggering dysfunction in the salivary glands.
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Periodontite Periapical , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Ratos Wistar , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Glândulas Salivares , Glândula Submandibular , Glândula Parótida , Saliva/química , Oxirredução , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Periodontite Periapical/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the salivary flow rate, biochemical composition, and redox status in orchiectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) compared to normotensive Wistar rats. DESIGN: Thirty-two young adult male SHR and Wistar (3-months-old) rats were randomly distributed into four groups; either castrated bilaterally (ORX) or underwent fictitious surgery (SHAM) as Wistar-SHAM, Wistar-ORX, SHR-SHAM, and SHR-ORX. Two months beyond castration, pilocarpine-induced salivary secretion was collected from 5-month-old rats to analyze salivary flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, total protein, amylase, calcium, phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), carbonyl protein, nitrite, and total antioxidant capacity. RESULTS: The salivary flow rate was higher in the Wistar-ORX compared to the Wistar-SHAM group, while remaining similar between the SHR-SHAM and SHR-ORX groups. ORX did not affect pH and salivary buffer capacity in both strains. However, salivary total protein and amylase were significantly reduced in the Wistar-ORX and SHR-ORX compared to the respective SHAM groups. In both ORX groups, salivary total antioxidant capacity and carbonylated protein were increased, while lipid oxidative damage (TBARs) and nitrite concentration were higher only in the Wistar-ORX than in the Wistar-SHAM group. In the Wistar-ORX and SHR-ORX, the salivary calcium, phosphate, and chloride were increased while no change was detected in the SHAM groups. Only salivary buffering capacity, calcium, and chloride in the SHR-ORX adjusted to values similar to Wistar-SHAM group. CONCLUSION: Hypertensive phenotype mitigated the orchiectomy-induced salivary dysfunction, since the disturbances were restricted to alterations in the salivary biochemical composition and redox state.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Cálcio , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Wistar , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico , Nitritos , Cloretos , Oxirredução , Proteínas , AmilasesRESUMO
Abstract BACKGROUND: Chronically elevated alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2MG) in the blood has been correlated with diabetes and the HbA1c profile; however, no systematic review has been conducted to evaluate the association of A2MG salivary levels and glycemia or HbA1c levels in diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether A2MG salivary levels are related to the glycemia or HbA1c levels in DM2 patients. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review developed at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Brazil. METHODS: Eight databases were used as research sources. The eligibility criteria included studies that reported data regarding mean salivary A2MG and the correlation between glycemia and/or HbA1c levels of DM2 subjects (uncontrolled and well-controlled) and non-diabetic subjects. The risk of bias of the studies selected was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools for use in JBI systematic reviews. Pooled correlation coefficients were estimated using the Hunter-Schmidt method. Study estimates were weighted according to their sample size, and heterogeneity was calculated using the chi-square statistic. RESULTS: Four studies on DM2 patients were included in this systematic review after careful analysis of 1482 studies. Three studies compared A2MG with HbA1c and glycemia. Overall, the correlation between A2MG and HbA1c was strong (r = 0.838). In contrast, the correlation between A2MG and glycemia was low (r = 0.354). CONCLUSION: The strong association between HbA1C and salivary A2MG suggests that this salivary protein has the potential to be a surrogate for HbA1C, if corroboratory further evidence is obtained through large-scale studies.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress and dental caries in children. METHODS: Studies conducted in children up to 12 years old comparing salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), uric acid, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), considering children with dental caries lesions and caries-free ones were selected. In addition, salivary parameters such as salivary flow, pH, buffering capacity, calcium and total protein levels were evaluated. A systematic literature review was carried out in 8 databases. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was measured using inverse variance as a statistical method and random effects as an analysis model, corresponding to a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: The TAC levels were higher in children affected by dental caries compared to caries-free ones (control group), regardless of age (SMD 2.66, CI 1.33, 3.98), or gender (SMD 0.98, CI 0.56, 1.39). When adjusted for normalized protein, MDA levels were lower in the dental caries group than in the control group (SMD -16.51, CI -29.02, -4.00), and SOD levels were higher in the dental caries group (SMD 5.09, CI 0.01.10.18). The total protein concentration in saliva of children with dental caries was higher than in the control group, regardless of age (SMD 0.98, CI 0.27, 1.69), or gender (SMD 0.77, CI 0.45, 1.10). The salivary parameters assessed had lower levels in children affected by dental caries (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and salivary parameters are altered in saliva of children with dental caries.
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Cárie Dentária , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Criança , Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo , Saliva/química , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismoRESUMO
Objetivo. Avaliar a relação entre biomarcadores salivares de estresse oxidativo e cárie dentária em crianças. Métodos. Estudos realizados em crianças de até 12 anos comparando biomarcadores salivares de estresse oxidativo como malondialdeído (MDA), superóxido dismutase (SOD), ácido úrico, capacidade antioxidante total (TAC) e proteína total, considerando crianças com lesões de cárie dentária e sem cárie foram selecionados. Além disso, parâmetros salivares como fluxo salivar, pH, capacidade tampão e níveis de cálcio foram avaliados. Uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada em 8 bases de dados. A diferença média padronizada (SMD) foi medida usando variância inversa como método estatístico e efeitos aleatórios como modelo de análise, correspondendo a um intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados. Os níveis de TAC foram maiores em crianças afetadas por cárie dentária em comparação com as sem cárie (grupo controle), independentemente da idade (SMD 2,66; IC 1,33; 3,98) ou sexo (SMD 0,98; IC 0,56; 1,39). Quando ajustados para proteína normalizada, os níveis de MDA foram menores no grupo de cárie dentária do que no grupo controle (SMD -16,5; IC - 29,02; -4,00), e os níveis de SOD foram maiores no grupo de cárie dentária (SMD 5,09; IC 0,01; 10,18). A concentração de proteína total na saliva de crianças com cárie dentária foi maior do que no grupo controle, independentemente da idade (SMD 0,98; IC 0,27; 1,69) ou sexo (SMD 0,77; IC 0,45; 1,10). Os parâmetros salivares avaliados apresentaram níveis mais baixos em crianças com cárie dentária (p< 0,05). Conclusões. Os níveis de biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo e parâmetros salivares estão alterados na saliva de crianças com cárie dentária(AU)
Objective. To assess the relationship between salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress and dental caries in children. Methods. Studies conducted in children up to 12 years old comparing salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), uric acid, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total protein, considering children with dental caries lesions and caries-free ones were selected. In addition, salivary parameters such as salivary flow, pH, buffering capacity, and calcium levels were evaluated. A systematic literature review was carried out in 8 databases. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was measured using inverse variance as a statistical method and random effects as an analysis model, corresponding to a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The TAC levels were higher in children affected by dental caries compared to caries-free ones (control group), regardless of age (SMD 2.66; CI 1.33; 3.98), or gender (SMD 0.98; CI 0.56; 1.39). When adjusted for normalized protein, MDA levels were lower in the dental caries group than in the control group (SMD -16.51; CI -29.02; -4.00), and SOD levels were higher in the dental caries group (SMD 5.09; CI 0.01; 10.18). The total protein concentration in saliva of children with dental caries was higher than in the control group, regardless of age (SMD 0.98; CI 0.27; 1.69), or gender (SMD 0.77; CI 0.45; 1.10). The salivary parameters assessed had lower levels in children affected by dental caries (p<0.05). Conclusions. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and salivary parameters are altered in saliva of children with dental caries(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Saliva , Biomarcadores , Estresse Oxidativo , Cárie Dentária , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares , Superóxido Dismutase , Ácido Úrico , MalondialdeídoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Saliva is a complex secretion produced daily by the salivary glands. Saliva consists mainly of water, enzymes, ions and amino acids and performs several important functions in oral health. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the flow rate and concentrations of amylase and total proteins in the saliva of hospitalized patients due to AIDS complications. METHODS: Ninety-three men and women (20-64 years of age) were divided into two groups (46 HIV-infected patients and 47 controls) and had salivary flow rate and levels of amylase enzyme and total proteins evaluated. RESULT: The mean salivary flow rate was lower in individuals with HIV when compared to controls (P < 0.05). No significant difference between amylase enzyme levels and total proteins were observed in the saliva of patients with HIV infection when compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Individuals with HIV / AIDS infection (in hospital treatment) suffer no interference in levels of amylase and total salivary proteins, but they have significantly reduced salivary flow.
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Infecções por HIV/complicações , Soropositividade para HIV/complicações , Saliva/metabolismo , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/metabolismo , Salivação/fisiologia , Xerostomia/complicações , alfa-Amilases/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Amilases/análise , Amilases/metabolismo , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Soropositividade para HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Glândulas Salivares/metabolismo , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/análise , Taxa Secretória/efeitos dos fármacos , Taxa Secretória/fisiologia , Xerostomia/etiologia , Adulto Jovem , alfa-Amilases/análiseRESUMO
Introduction: Rhodnius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) species are made up of haematophagous insect vectors for Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas' disease aetiological agent) and T. rangeli, an infective parasite that is not pathogenic for vertebrate hosts. The study of their salivary protein diversity enables the obtention of characteristic one-dimensional electrophoretic profiles of some triatomine species; however, few reports have dealt with Rhodnius species salivary proteins electrophoretic patterns. Objective: To compare R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus, and R. robustus' salivary proteins one-dimensional electrophoretic profiles. Materials and methods: SDS-PAGE was used for obtaining electrophoretic profiles of saliva from the species under study. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) was used for constructing a phenogram. Results: Electrophoretic profiles of soluble saliva had protein bands ranging from 15 to 45 kDa, thereby enabling the five species studied to be differentiated. The phenogram revealed two main groups, one formed by the Pictipes and Prolixus cis-Andean groups and another consisting of the Pallescens trans-Andean group. Conclusion: Differences were revealed regarding R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus, and R. robustus electrophoretic profiles of salivary proteins; their variability facilitated constructing a phenogram which was taxonomically congruent with the groups from the genus Rhodnius.
Introducción. Las especies Rhodnius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) están conformadas por insectos hematófagos vectores de Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico de la enfermedad de Chagas, y T. rangeli, parásito infectivo pero no patógeno para el vertebrado. El estudio de la diversidad proteica de la saliva de estos insectos permite la obtención de perfiles electroforéticos unidimensionales característicos de algunas especies de triatominos. Sin embargo, el reporte de los patrones electroforéticos de proteínas salivales de las especies de Rhodnius ha sido escaso. Objetivo. Hacer un análisis comparativo de los perfiles electroforéticos unidimensionales de las proteínas salivales de R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus y R. robustus. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron los perfiles electroforéticos de la saliva de las especies en estudio mediante electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida con dodecilsulfatosódico (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE) y se construyó un fenograma mediante el método UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages). Resultados. Los perfiles electroforéticos de las proteínas solubles de saliva presentaron bandas en un rango de masa aproximado de 15 a 45 kDa, los cuales permitieron diferenciar las cinco especies estudiadas. El fenograma reveló la existencia de dos grupos principales: uno conformado por los grupos cisandinos Pictipes y Prolixus y otro constituido por el grupo transandino Pallescens. Conclusiones. Existen diferencias en los perfiles electroforéticos de las proteínas salivales entre R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus y R. robustus, cuya variabilidad permitió construir un fenograma congruente con los grupos del género Rhodnius.
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Distribuição Animal , Proteínas de Insetos/análise , Insetos Vetores/classificação , Rhodnius/classificação , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/análise , Animais , Colômbia , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Variação Genética , Proteínas de Insetos/isolamento & purificação , Insetos Vetores/química , Peso Molecular , Filogenia , Rhodnius/química , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/isolamento & purificação , Especificidade da Espécie , Trypanosoma cruziRESUMO
Introducción. Las especies Rhodnius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) están conformadas por insectos hematófagos vectores de Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico de la enfermedad de Chagas, y T. rangeli, parásito infectivo pero no patógeno para el vertebrado. El estudio de la diversidad proteica de la saliva de estos insectos permite la obtención de perfiles electroforéticos unidimensionales característicos de algunas especies de triatominos. Sin embargo, el reporte de los patrones electroforéticos de proteínas salivales de las especies de Rhodnius ha sido escaso. Objetivo. Hacer un análisis comparativo de los perfiles electroforéticos unidimensionales de las proteínas salivales de R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus y R. robustus. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron los perfiles electroforéticos de la saliva de las especies en estudio mediante electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida con dodecilsulfato sódico (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE) y se construyó un fenograma mediante el método UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages). Resultados. Los perfiles electroforéticos de las proteínas solubles de saliva presentaron bandas en un rango de masa aproximado de 15 a 45 kDa, los cuales permitieron diferenciar las cinco especies estudiadas. El fenograma reveló la existencia de dos grupos principales: uno conformado por los grupos cisandinos Pictipes y Prolixus y otro constituido por el grupo transandino Pallescens. Conclusiones. Existen diferencias en los perfiles electroforéticos de las proteínas salivales entre R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus y R. robustus, cuya variabilidad permitió construir un fenograma congruente con los grupos del género Rhodnius.
Introduction: Rhodnius (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) species are made up of haematophagous insect vectors for Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas' disease aetiological agent) and T. rangeli, an infective parasite that is not pathogenic for vertebrate hosts. The study of their salivary protein diversity enables the obtention of characteristic one-dimensional electrophoretic profiles of some triatomine species; however, few reports have dealt with Rhodnius species salivary proteins electrophoretic patterns. Objective: To compare R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus, and R. robustus' salivary proteins one-dimensional electrophoretic profiles. Materials and methods: SDS-PAGE was used for obtaining electrophoretic profiles of saliva from the species under study. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) was used for constructing a phenogram. Results: Electrophoretic profiles of soluble saliva had protein bands ranging from 15 to 45 kDa, thereby enabling the five species studied to be differentiated. The phenogram revealed two main groups, one formed by the Pictipes and Prolixus cis-Andean groups and another consisting of the Pallescens trans-Andean group. Conclusion: Differences were revealed regarding R. colombiensis, R. pallescens, R. pictipes, R. prolixus, and R. robustus electrophoretic profiles of salivary proteins; their variability facilitated constructing a phenogram which was taxonomically congruent with the groups from the genus Rhodnius.
Assuntos
Rhodnius , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares , Eletroforese em Gel de PoliacrilamidaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the oral condition of alcohol and tobacco dependents and identify salivary protein candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-three male volunteers were evaluated for alcohol abuse rehabilitation; nine were selected for proteomic analysis. Intraoral examination was performed, and non-stimulated saliva was collected. Salivary proteins were extracted and processed for analysis. A list of proteins identified in saliva was generated from the database and manually revised, obtaining the total number of candidate biomarkers for oral disorders. RESULTS: The mean age (n = 33) was 42.94 ± 8.61 years. Fourteen (42.4%) subjects presented with 23 oral mucosa changes, and 31 (94%) had dental plaque. A total of 282 proteins were found in saliva (n = 9), of which 26 were identified as candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders. After manual review, 21 proteins were selected. The highest number of candidates for biomarkers was associated with carcinoma of head and neck (n = 10), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n = 6), and periodontal disease (n = 6). CONCLUSION: Alcohol and tobacco dependents showed gingival inflammation, and less than half of them showed oral mucosa changes. Twenty-one protein candidates for biomarkers of oral disorders were identified in saliva. The two major oral disorders in number of candidates for biomarkers were head and neck cancer and periodontal disease.
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It has been argued that specific salivary proteins could have a protective effect against caries, but data from the many available studies are rather contradictory. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether there is a relationship between protein concentration, electrophoretic profile and concentration of salivary IgA and the presence or absence of caries in adults. Adults with high caries activity (HC) and without caries lesions (CF), assessed by ICDAS criteria, were asked to provide unstimulated saliva samples. Protein concentration (µg/mL) was determined using the Bradford method. Western blotting was used to detect IgA. Data were compared using Student's t test at p<0.05. Total protein concentration in CF was higher (50.65±7.5 µg/mL) than in HC individuals (26.80±2.5 µg/mL) (p=0.001). More protein bands were visualized in the gels from CF than the HC group (p=0.001). CF subjects showed higher salivary IgA concentration (11.27±0.5 µg) than HC individuals (1.71±0.2µg) (p=0.001).Salivary composition in high caries experience and cariesfree young adults seems to differ in terms of the type and amount of proteins. Further research is needed to expand these findings.
Se ha descrito que proteínas salivales específicas podrían tener un efecto protector sobre la caries, sin embargo, los datos de losnumerosos estudios disponibles son contradictorios. El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar si existe una relación entre la concentración total de proteínas, perfil electroforético y la concentración de IgA salival y la presencia o ausencia de lesiones de caries en adultos. Se obtuvieron muestras de flujo salival no estimulado de adultos con alta actividad de caries (HC) y sin lesiones de caries (CF), evaluados según criterios ICDAS. La concentración total de proteínas (mg / ml) se determinó utilizando el método de Bradford. Para detección de IgA se empleó Western Blot. Los datos se compararon mediante la prueba t student, estableciendo diferencias significativas si p<0,05. La concentración total de proteínas en CF fue mayor (50,65 ± 7,5 mg / ml) que en individuos HC (26,80 ± 2,5 mg / ml) (p=0,001). En los geles, se visualizó un mayor número de bandas de proteínas en CF que en el grupo HC (p=0,001). Los Sujetos CF mostraron mayor concentración de IgA salival (11,27 ± 0,5 µg) que los individuos HC (1,71 ± 0,2 µg) (p=0,001). La composición salival de sujetos adultos jóvenes con alta experiencia y libres de caries, parece ser diferente en función del tipo y la cantidad de proteínas. Se requiere de más investigación para profundizar estos resultados.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/metabolismo , Saliva/química , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/análise , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/metabolismo , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
It has been argued that specific salivary proteins could have a protective effect against caries, but data from the many available studies are rather contradictory. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether there is a relationship between protein concentration, electrophoretic profile and concentration of salivary IgA and the presence or absence of caries in adults. Adults with high caries activity (HC) and without caries lesions (CF), assessed by ICDAS criteria, were asked to provide unstimulated saliva samples. Protein concentration (μg/mL) was determined using the Bradford method. Western blotting was used to detect IgA. Data were compared using Students t test at p<0.05. Total protein concentration in CF was higher (50.65±7.5 μg/mL) than in HC individuals (26.80±2.5 μg/mL) (p=0.001). More protein bands were visualized in the gels from CF than the HC group (p=0.001). CF subjects showed higher salivary IgA concentration (11.27±0.5 μg) than HC individuals (1.71±0.2μg) (p=0.001).Salivary composition in high caries experience and cariesfree young adults seems to differ in terms of the type and amount of proteins. Further research is needed to expand these findings.
Se ha descrito que proteínas salivales específicas podrían tener un efecto protector sobre la caries, sin embargo, los datos de los numerosos estudios disponibles son contradictorios. El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar si existe una relación entre la concentración total de proteínas, perfil electroforético y la concentración de IgA salival y la presencia o ausencia de lesiones de caries en adultos. Se obtuvieron muestras de flujo salival no estimulado de adultos con alta actividad de caries (HC) y sin lesiones de caries (CF), evaluados según criterios ICDAS. La concentración total de proteínas (mg / ml) se determinó utilizando el método de Bradford. Para detección de IgA se empleó Western Blot. Los datos se compararon mediante la prueba t student, estableciendo diferencias significativas si p<0,05. La concentración total de proteínas en CF fue mayor (50,65 ± 7,5 mg / ml) que en individuos HC (26,80 ± 2,5 mg / ml) (p=0,001). En los geles, se visualizó un mayor número de bandas de proteínas en CF que en el grupo HC (p=0,001). Los Sujetos CF mostraron mayor concentración de IgA salival (11,27 ± 0,5 μg) que los individuos HC (1,71 ± 0,2 μg) (p=0,001). La composición salival de sujetos adultos jóvenes con alta experiencia y libres de caries, parece ser diferente en función del tipo y la cantidad de proteínas. Se requiere de más investigación para profundizar estos resultados.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Suscetibilidade à Cárie Dentária , Proteínas e Peptídeos Salivares/análise , Saliva/química , Chile , Cárie Dentária/diagnóstico , Índice CPO , Eletroforese/métodos , Imunoglobulina A/fisiologia , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Western Blotting/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The highest prevalence of protein-energy undernutrition is observed during early childhood, being also a time in which the presence of dental caries can be unusually aggressive. The present study aimed to verify if different levels of undernutrition could influence the risk of early childhood caries (ECC), in the presence of other predisposing factors. METHODS: One hundred and twenty undernourished 12-70 month old children, with or without ECC, were selected. Undernourished children were classified as being mildly, moderately or severely undernourished. All children were examined for determination of decayed, missing and filled surfaces (dmfs). Total protein concentration in saliva was analysed by the Bradford method. For microbiological analysis, mitis salivarius-bacitracin agar medium was used. A binary logistic regression model was applied to test the simultaneous influence of different variables over caries experience. RESULTS: The risk of ECC was significantly higher with an increase in age (p = 0.000) and mutans streptococci counts (p = 0.032). Comparisons with the normal-weight group showed that mildly (p = 0.004) and severely undernourished children (p = 0.037) had a higher risk of experiencing ECC, but this risk was not significantly elevated among moderately undernourished children (p = 0.158). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that mildly and severely undernourished children have an increased risk of experiencing dental caries. Age is highly associated with the disease in this population.
Assuntos
Índice CPO , Cárie Dentária/etiologia , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/complicações , Streptococcus mutans , Pré-Escolar , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Prevalência , Proteínas/análise , Saliva/química , Saliva/microbiologiaRESUMO
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a quantidade de periodontopatógenos e de citocinas inflamatórias no fluido gengival, bem como as proteínas salivares em indivíduos com Síndrome de Down (SD) com Doença Periodontal (DP), comparando-os com indivíduos cromossomicamente normais, antes e 45 dias após o tratamento periodontal não-cirúrgico. Para detectar e quantificar as bactérias (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia e Treponema denticola), o fluido gengival foi coletado de 35 indivíduos com DP, sendo 23 indivíduos com SD e 12 não-sindrômicos (controle). Para quantificar as citocinas inflamatórias e as proteínas salivares foram coletados fluido gengival e saliva de 30 indivíduos com DP, sendo 20 indivíduos com SD e 10 não-sindrômicos (controle). Os efeitos do tratamento nos parâmetros clínicos foram positivos para o índice de placa, sangramento à sondagem, profundidade de sondagem e nível de inserção, em ambos os grupos. Porém, a contagem dos periodontopatógenos foi maior nos indivíduos com SD comparados com o grupo controle, antes e 45 dias após o tratamento periodontal. As citocinas Th1, Th2 e Th17 também foram encontradas em maiores quantidades nos indivíduos com SD do que nos controle, mesmo depois do tratamento periodontal. Adicionalmente, maiores quantidades de proteínas salivares com propriedades antimicrobianas, lubrificação, metabolismo, organização celular, resposta imune e transporte foram encontradas em indivíduos com SD depois do tratamento periodontal. Conclui-se que os resultados desta pesquisa podem contribuir para uma compreensão mais aprofundada do comportamento microbiológico, imunológico e do proteoma salivar de indivíduos com SD, e, consequentemente, explicar a alta prevalência e severidade da doença periodontal nesses indivíduos.
The aim of this study was to quantify the periodontopathogens, inflammatory cytokines and salivary proteins in subjects with Down syndrome (DS) and normal subjects, both with periodontal disease (PD), before and 45 days after non-surgical periodontal therapy. To detect and quantify bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola), crevicular gingival fluid (CGF) was collected from 35 individuals with PD, 23 with DS and 12 non-syndromic (control). To quantify the inflammatory cytokines and salivary proteins, CGF and saliva of 30 individuals with PD, 20 with SD and 10 non-syndromic (control) were collected. The effects of the non-surgical periodontal therapy on clinical parameters were positive in both groups. However, the count of periodontopathogens was higher in individuals with DS compared with the control group, before and after periodontal therapy.Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines were also found in higher amounts in individuals with DS even after periodontal therapy compared with control patients. Furthermore, higher amounts of salivary proteins with antimicrobial properties, lubrication, metabolism, cellular organization, immune response and transport were quantified in individuals with DS after periodontal therapy. Despite of clinical parameters improvement after non-surgical periodontal therapy in subjects with DS, it is concluded that the results of this study may contribute to a more profound understanding of microbiological and immunological behavior, as well as knowledge of the salivary proteome in individuals with Down syndrome, and also might explain the high prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in these individuals