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BACKGROUND: Sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence can lead to pulsatile tinnitus with a significant decrease in quality of life, occasionally leading to psychiatric disorders. Several surgical and endovascular procedures have been described for resolving dehiscence. Within endovascular procedures, the sagittal sinus approach could be a technical alternative for tracking and accurate stent positioning within the sigmoid sinus when the jugular bulb anatomy is unfavorable. CASE PRESENTATION: A retrospective case series of three patients with pulsatile tinnitus due to sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence without intracranial hypertension was reviewed from January 2018 to January 2022. From the participants enrolled, the median age was 50.3 years (range 43-63), with 67% self-identifying as female and 33% as male. They self-identified as Hispanic. Sigmoid sinus dehiscence was diagnosed using angiotomography, and contralateral transverse sinus stenosis was observed in all patients. Patients underwent surgery via a navigated endovascular sagittal sinus approach for sigmoid sinus stenting. No neurological complications were associated with the procedure. Pulsatile tinnitus improved after the procedure in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Superior sagittal sinus resection for sigmoid sinus wall stenting is a safe and effective technique. Pulsatile tinnitus due to sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence could be treated using the endovascular resurfacing stenting technique. However, further research is needed to evaluate the potential benefit of contralateral stenting for removing sinus dehiscence when venous stenosis is detected. However, resurfacing sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence results in symptomatic improvement.

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Scaphocephaly remains the most prevalent form of isolated single-suture synostosis. In most Pediatric Neurosurgery Centers, the treatment consists of extensive calvarial reshaping operations which are performed in relatively late ages. We described a modified open technique of cranial vault reconstruction for scaphocephaly and we report the anesthetic approach and how it influences our results and enables the performance of this surgery at earlier ages. A total of 47 patients with an average age of 11 2.72 months underwent to the same surgical technique. Blood transfusion during the surgical intervention was needed in 25 patients (53%), and 22 patients (46.8%) did not need blood transfusion. None of the 14 patients who used tranexamic acid (TXA) needed blood transfusions. We reported a statistically significant association between the use of TXA and blood transfusion (p < 0.0001), with a decreased need for blood transfusion with the use of TXA. Besides sagittal suturectomy, we create new parasagittal sutures by replacing the prematurely fused one, and 1.5 cm of the anterior segment of bone of those 2 rectangular structures are cut before fixation, to enable the immediate shortening of the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the skull. Finally, we put a mesh plate (SonicWeld Rx, KLS Martin Group, Tuttlingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany) over the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), which is fixed anteriorly and posteriorly with pins (SonicPins Rx, KLS Martin Group). This procedure enables an immediate reduction of the AP diameter of the skull, with no further therapies needed, and promotes a wide decompression and remodeling of the skull. With an experienced surgical team and an anesthesiologic protocol, we were able to perform this surgery at early ages, requiring no blood transfusions.

A escafocefalia continua sendo a forma mais prevalente de sinostose isolada de sutura única. Na maioria dos Centros de Neurocirurgia Pediátrica, o tratamento consiste em extensas operações de remodelação calvária, realizadas em idades relativamente tardias. Descrevemos uma técnica aberta modificada de reconstrução da calota craniana para escafocefalia e relatamos a abordagem anestésica e como ela influencia nossos resultados e permite a realização desta cirurgia em idades mais precoces. Um total de 47 pacientes com idademédia de 11 2,72meses foram submetidos à mesma técnica cirúrgica. A transfusão sanguínea durante a intervenção cirúrgica foi necessária em 25 pacientes (53%) e 22 pacientes (46,8%) não necessitaram de transfusão sanguínea. Nenhum dos 14 pacientes que usaram ácido tranexâmico (TXA) precisou de transfusões de sangue. Relatamos uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre o uso de TXA e transfusão de sangue (p < 0,0001), com diminuição da necessidade de transfusão de sangue com o uso de TXA. Além da suturectomia sagital, criamos novas suturas parassagitais substituindo a fundida prematuramente, e 1,5 cm do segmento anterior do osso dessas duas estruturas retangulares são cortados antes da fixação, para permitir o encurtamento imediato do diâmetro ântero-posterior (AP) do crânio. Por fim, colocamos uma placa de tela (SonicWeld Rx, KLS Martin Group, Tuttlingen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Alemanha) sobre o seio sagital superior (SSS), a qual é fixada anterior e posteriormente com pinos (SonicPins Rx, KLS Martin Group). Este procedimento permite uma redução imediata do diâmetro AP do crânio, sem necessidade de terapias adicionais, e promove ampla descompressão e remodelação do crânio. Com uma equipe cirúrgica experiente e um protocolo anestesiológico, conseguimos realizar esta cirurgia em idades precoces, sem necessidade de transfusões sanguíneas.

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The term parasagittal meningioma applies to those tumors that are associated with the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), originating from the dura mater in close relation to the parasagittal wall or angle, with no intervening brain tissue, possibly extending to the dura of the convexity and/or falx cerebri.(Cushing et al., Meningiomas: their classification, regional behaviour, life history, and surgeical and results. Hafner, 1938) They make up about 20-30% of all meningiomas. There is a vast literature correlating the Simpson grade of resection with later recurrence. Frequent involvement of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) by these tumors means that the optimal treatment recommended in the literature-complete resection, including of the dural base-is one of the most challenging.

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Mast cells, known as pro-inflammatory effector cells, are immunocytes present in the meninges and may be involved in the pathophysiology of migraine. This study aims to evaluate the histomorphometric parameters of mast cells located in the convexity of the human intracranial dura mater. For this, samples of intracranial dura mater from eight human fresh cadavers were collected between 8- and 24-h post-mortem. The whole samples were fixed and, subsequently, two fragments of 1.5 cm² each were cut from four different areas of the dura mater convexity, containing a segment of the middle meningeal artery, totaling 64 fragments. After histological processing, the fragments were submitted to microtomy (5 and 10 µm), stained with toluidine blue (0.1%), or immunohistochemically labeled for tryptase, and analyzed using optical microscopy. The following histomorphometric parameters were evaluated: distance from mast cells to vessels, the density of mast cells, and percentage of mast cells with degranulation. Histomorphometric analyzes showed a higher density of mast cells in the vicinity of blood vessels (arterial and venous), with distances around 0-150 µm. A greater number of mast cells was detected near venous vessels in the periosteal layer (17.0 ± 10.1 cells/mm²) than in the meningeal layer (14.1 ± 7.0 cells/mm²) (p < 0.05). Mast cells from the region close to the superior sagittal sinus were found in greater quantity close to the venous vessels (16.7 ± 10.1 cells/mm²) than to the arterial vessels (11.2 ± 7.5 cells/mm²) (p < 0.05). In short, in the convexity of the human intracranial dura mater, mast cells are located close to blood vessels, with a greater number of cells next to the venous vessels of the periosteal layer and in the proximal region of the superior sagittal sinus.

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SUMMARY: Internal acoustic opening is a space that opens to facies posterior of the petrous piece of temporal bone that goes inside facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, intermedial nevre and labyrinthine artery. The purpose of this study is the assessment of internal acoustic opening from a morphometric perspective, determination of the shape of the hole and determination of the distance to some important anatomic formations. This study is conducted on 166 temporal bones with unknown sex formation which are part of the skull collection in NEU and KTO Karatay University, Anatomy Department. In this study, the vertical and diameter of internal acoustic meatus, its distance to the bottom and top sides of posterior surface of the petrous part, its distance to groove for superior sagittal sinus and its distance to apex were measured. Moreover, in this study internal acoustic opening spaces are categorized into six groups as round, oval, U-shaped, fissure, irregular and V shape. Digital caliper was used for internal acoustic meatus measurements. While the vertical horizontal diameters and distance to groove for superior sagittal sinus of internal acoustic opening on the right side are 4.12 mm, 6.83 mm and 19.64mm respectively, they are 4.56 mm, 7.10 mm and 21.06 mm on the left side respectively. We have observed in this study, 37.3 % of the internal acoustic opening as round, 34.3 % as oval, 6.6 % as U-shaped, 6.6 % as fissure, 12.7 % as irregular and 2.4 % as V-shaped. We believe that these measurements can provide guidance and help in surgical procedures.

RESUMEN: El poro acústico interno es un espacio que se abre en la cara posterior de la parte petrosa del hueso temporal, donde entran los nervios facial, intermedio y vestibulococlear, además de la arteria laberíntica. El propósito de este estudio fue la evaluación del poro acústico interno desde una perspectiva morfométrica, determinación de la forma del foramen y de la distancia a algunas formaciones anatómicas importantes. Este estudio se realizó en 166 huesos temporales de individuos de sexo desconocido que forman parte de la colección de cráneos del Departamento de Anatomía en NEU y KTO, Universidad de Karatay, Se midió la altura vertical y el diámetro del poro acústico interno, su distancia a los lados inferior y superior de la superficie posterior de la parte petrosa, su distancia al surco del seno sagital superior y su distancia al vértice. Además, el poro acústico interno se clasificó en seis grupos: redondos, ovalados, en forma de U, de fisura, irregulares y en forma de V. Se utilizó un calibrador digital para las mediciones del meato acústico interno. Mientras que los diámetros horizontales, verticales y la distancia al surco para el seno sagital superior del poro acústico interno en el lado derecho fue de 4,12 mm, 6,83 mm y 19,64 mm respectivamente, en el lado izquiedo fue de 4,56 mm, 7,10 mm y 21,06 mm, respectivamente. Hemos observado que en el 37,3 % de los casos el poro acústico interno era redondo, el 34,3 % ovalado, el 6,6 % en forma de U, el 6,6 % de fisura, el 12,7 % irregular y el 2,4 % en forma de V. Estas medidas pueden servir de guía y ayuda en los procedimientos quirúrgicos.

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Resumen La trombosis de senos venosos cerebrales es un evento infrecuente en la población pediátrica y sus manifestaciones clínicas pueden variar dependiendo de la localización y extensión de la lesión, etiología o grupo etario (1); así mismo, la asociación de esta patología con virus es poco común, sin embargo, se han repor tado casos de trombosis de senos venosos en pacientes adultos con SARS-CoV-2 en relación con los mecanismos de lesión endotelial y respuesta inflamatoria que desencadena mecanismos procoagulantes. A continuación se presenta el primer caso reportado en Colombia de un caso de trombosis venosa cerebral en un lactante previamente sano, que debuta con un cuadro infeccioso gastrointestinal que resuelve y una semana después se presenta con cefalea y paralisis del VI par craneal derecho. Se documentó por angioto mografía trombosis del seno venoso sagital con extensión a senos transversos; los laboratorios fueron negativos para otras causas sistémicas y con prueba de anticuerpos para coronavirus positiva.

Abstract Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is infrequent in the pediatric population and its clinical manifestations may vary depending on the anatomical location and the extent of the lesion, etiology or age group(1). The association of this pathology with viruses is uncommon, however, cases in adults with SARS-Cov2 have been reported triggered by procoagulant mechanisms due to endothelial injury and inflammatory response. The following article is the first reported case in Colombia of cerebral venous thrombosis in a previously healthy child, who debuted with gastrointestinal infectious disease and a week later with headache and sixth right cranial nerve palsy . The diagnosis of sagittal venous sinus thrombosis with extension to transverse sinuses was documented in a computed tomography angiography; laboratories for systemic diseases were negative and antibodies for coronavirus were positive.

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BACKGROUND: Interhemispheric approach is widely used to surgical management of midline tumors and vascular lesion in and around the third ventricle. Complete exposure of the superior sagittal sinus to obtain adequate working space of midline lesion is difficult, because of the risk to inadvertent injury to the sinus and bridging veins, which may cause several neurological deficits. Understanding the SSS neuroanatomy and its relationships with external surgical landmarks avoid such complications. The objective of this study is to accurately describe the position of SSS and its displacement in relation with sagittal midline by magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional, observational study was performed. Magnetic resonance image of 76 adult patients with no pathological imaging was analyzed. The position of the halfway between nasion and bregma, bregma, halfway between bregma and lambda, and lambda was performed. The width and the displacement of the superior sagittal sinus accordingly to the sagittal midline were assessed in those landmarks. RESULTS: The mean width of superior sagittal sinus at halfway between nasion and bregma, bregma, halfway between bregma and lambda, and lambda was 5.62 ± 2.5, 6.5 ± 2.8, 7.4 ± 3.2, and 8.5 ± 2.1 mm, respectively, without gender discrepancy. The mean displacement according to the midline at those landmarks showed a statistically significant difference to the right side among sexes. CONCLUSION: In this study, we demonstrate that sagittal midline may approximate external location of the superior sagittal sinus. Our data showed that in the majority of the cases, the superior sagittal sinus is displaced to the right side of sagittal midline as far as 16.3 mm. The data we obtained provide useful information that suggest that neurosurgeons should use safety margin to perform burr holes and drillings at the sagittal midline.

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Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AOs) correspond to 23% of all oligodendrogliomas. They correspond to a tumor with malignant histological characteristics, focal or diffuse, associated with a worse prognosis. In the present case report, we describe the case of a 30-year-old female submitted to resection of a right parietal lesion whose histology showed to be an AO. She underwent complementary treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy according to the Roger Stupp protocol. Four years after the initial diagnosis, there was tumor recurrence within the superior sagittal sinus, with no evidence of recurrence elsewhere. In the literature, we have found no similar published case reinforcing the rarity of this condition.

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BACKGROUND: Craniotomies involving the midline are regular practice in neurosurgery, during which injury to the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), an uncommon yet devastating event, may occur. The midline tends to be the most common landmark used to identify the position of the SSS. In this study we examined the reliability of the midline as a landmark for the SSS. METHODS: We performed bilateral craniectomies on eight cadaveric heads, preserving the coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures. The width of the SSS and its displacement from midline were measured on the cadaveric specimens and on 105 normal magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the head at the following locations: halfway between nasion and bregma (NB), bregma (B), halfway between bregma and lambda (BL), lambda (L), and inion (I). RESULTS: In all cadaveric specimens, the SSS was partially or totally displaced toward one side of midline, usually to the right. It tended to be closer to midline in the frontal region and more displaced posteriorly. The SSS usually drained into the right-side transverse sinus. The mean width of the SSS was 4.3, 5.9, 6.9, 7.9, and 7.8 mm, and the average displacement from midline was 4.3, 6.3, 5.5, 6.9, and 6.0 mm for NB, B, BL, L, and I, respectively. These measurements were then compared with those obtained from the MRIs. CONCLUSION: The SSS was consistently displaced on either side of midline. Thus, the midline is not reliable for identifying the SSS, and caution should be used within 6-10 mm on either side of midline.

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Introdução: A trombose venosa cerebral constitui entidade clínica rara, respondendo por menos de 1% dos casos de AVC. Está associada a trombofilias hereditárias, infecções parameníngeas, traumatismos, além de vasculites, câncer e a própria quimioterapia. Relato do caso: Paciente de 59 anos com adenocarcinoma colônico sob quimioterapia com 5-Fluorouracil infusional (esquema de Gramont) associado a bevacizumabe apresentou quadro de tontura em desequilíbrio, déficit de força em membro inferior, cefaleia e convulsões, sendo constatada trombose venosa cerebral. Evoluiu com reversão total dos déficits neurológicos com anticoagulação. Conclusão: Enfatiza-se papel do câncer e da própria quimioterapia na etiopatogenia da trombose venosa cerebral em paciente sem aparente trombofilia hereditária e outros fatores tipicamente implicados na gênese desta rara condição.

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La trombosis de los senos venosos durales es una rara y devastadora enfermedad. Se presenta generalmente en mujeres y ancianos, y no es frecuente en niños, aunque se reconoce ya como una causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en la población pediátrica. Se han reportado pocos casos en el mundo de neonatos afectados por esta entidad, en su mayoría fatales e insuficientemente investigados. A continuación se presenta el caso de un recién nacido con una trombosis del seno sagital que sobrevivió. Los factores predisponentes para la aparición de la enfermedad en este caso fueron la asfixia neonatal, la deshidratación severa unida al uso de una línea venosa central, y la inmovilización prolongada. Aunque la TAC contrastada no es el estudio ideal para su diagnóstico, permitió realizarlo oportunamente en este caso. El tratamiento temprano con anticoagulantes permitió una rápida recuperación y favoreció la recanalización venosa del seno involucrado. Hasta el momento no se han detectado secuelas neurológicas y el paciente tiene buen desarrollo psicomotor.

Dural venous sinus thrombosis is a rare devastating disease. It is generally found in females and old people, but is infrequent in children; however, it is already recognized as a morbidity and mortality cause in the pediatric population. Few cases of newborns with this disease have been reported worldwide; most of them were poorly studied and had fatal outcomes. Here is the presentation of a newborn with sagittal sinus thrombosis, who managed to survive. The predisposing factors for the disease were neonatal asphyxia, severe dehydration together with the use of central venous line and extended immobilization. Although contrast CAT is not the ideal study, it helped to promptly arrive at the right diagnosis in this case. The early treatment based on anticoagulants allowed rapid recovery and facilitated venous retaking of the involved venous sinus. No neurological sequels have been so far detected and the psychomotor development of the child is good.