RESUMO
Background: Sacrectomy is indicated for the resection of life-threatening tumors in the sacrum area. Several studies have been conducted to investigate important aspects of sacrectomy to help reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients who underwent the procedure. This aim of this systematic review was to highlight the prognoses of patients who underwent sacrectomy for the resection of primary bone tumors by analyzing information related to the intraoperative and perioperative periods of the procedure. Methodology: Several databases were searched for relevant articles using the keywords "sacrectomy" and "survival" associated with the Boolean operators "or" and "and" ([SACRECTOMY OR SACRECTOM*] AND SURVIVAL). Results: A total of 13 articles were selected for data collection. The studies reported in the articles included a total of 384 patients, 140 of whom underwent partial sacrectomy, whereas 244 underwent total sacral resections. The results of the analysis indicated that the average volume of blood lost during a resection performed using the combined anterior and posterior approaches (average duration, 8.35â¯h) was 4571.94â¯mL. Regarding poor outcomes and adverse events in the included studies, 10 patients died in the early postoperative period, whereas four patients had hemorrhagic shock. The most prevalent complications reported were surgical wound infection and sphincter dysfunction. Conclusion: The optimal surgical approach for sacrectomy depends on the location of the tumor. The anterior approach, preferably with laparoscopy, is currently widely used to reduce the amount of blood lost during the procedure. Although the most prevalent complications of sacrectomy have a high incidence rate, the procedure has a low mortality rate.
RESUMO
Sacral chordomas are infrequent tumors that arise from remnants of the notochord. They are most often found in the sacrum and skull-base.1,2 These lesions rarely metastasize and usually have an indolent and oligosymptomatic clinical course. Chordomas show low sensitivity to standard radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Operative resection with wide resection margins offers the best long-term prognosis, including longer survival and local control.1,3 However, achieving a complete resection with oncological margins may be difficult because of the anatomic complexity of the sacrococcygeal region.4 The main complications of sacral resection include infections, wound closure defects, and anorectal and urogenital dysfunction. The rate of these complications is significantly increased when the tumor involves the S2 level or above. We report the case of a 64-yr-old male who presented with progressive sacrococcygeal pain and a feeling of incomplete evacuation. A heterogeneous, osteolytic lesion was found at the sacrococcygeal region. Full body imaging tests were negative for other lesions. A computed tomography (CT) guided biopsy was made. We usually use the midline approach in case we have to include the needle path in the resection. The pathology confirmed a sacrococcygeal, low-grade chordoma. We decided to perform an en bloc resection. A posterior, partial sacrectomy was planned distal to the S4 level.
Assuntos
Cordoma , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral , Cordoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Cordoma/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sacro/diagnóstico por imagem , Sacro/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Resumen: Introducción: Los tumores primarios de sacro son poco frecuentes, el tratamiento en la mayoría de los casos es quirúrgico con o sin radioterapia adyuvante; los resultados oncológicos y funcionales suelen ser adversos con una tasa alta de complicaciones. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, analítico y observacional que incluye 22 casos tratados entre el 2000 y 2017, se analizaron sus características demográficas, el tipo de tratamiento en la recidiva y el resultado oncológico y funcional; asimismo, se analizó la tasa de complicaciones. Resultados: 22 pacientes fueron sometidos a sacrectomía, con abordaje posterior por cordoma (13 pacientes), tumor de células gigantes (tres pacientes) y otros (seis pacientes). Se realizaron tres sacrectomías totales, 13 sacrectomías parciales, dos hemisacrectomías y cuatro sacrectomías ampliadas. La media de duración quirúrgica fue de 229 minutos, con un sangrado promedio de 2,100 cm3, el tamaño tumoral promedio fue de 13.8 cm (6-30 cm); presentaron complicaciones 10 pacientes, ocho por infección de sitio quirúrgico, uno por hernia sacra y uno por osteomielitis. La supervivencia global fue de 44.4 meses. Discusión: El tratamiento de los tumores sacros es complejo y requiere un equipo multidisciplinario; el resultado oncológico es adecuado cuando se consiguen márgenes libres de neoplasia, los resultados funcionales estarán determinados por el tipo de resección y la tasa de complicaciones es alta; sin embargo, es la mejor alternativa de curación.
Abstract: Introduction: Primary sacral tumors are rare, treatment in most cases is surgical with or without adjuvant radiotherapy; oncology and functional results are usually adverse with a high rate of complications. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective, analytical and observational studies that includes 22 cases treated between 2000 and 2017, analyzed their characteristics demographic, the type of treatment received, and the oncological, functional results and the rate of complications were analized. Results: 22 patients were subjected to sacrectomy with posterior approah because of cordoma (13 patients), giant cell tumour (three patients) and other (six patients). Three total sacrectomies, 13 partial sacrectomies, two hemisacrectomies and four sacrectomies enlarged were performed. The mean surgical time was 229 minutes, with an average bleeding of 2,100 cm3, the average tumour size was 13.8 cm (6-30cm); 10 patients were presented with complications, eight by surgical site infection, one sacral hernia and one osteomyelitis. Overall survival was 44.4 months. Conclusions: Treatment of sacral tumors is complex, requires a multidisciplinary team; the oncological result is adequate when you get free margins of neoplasia, the functional results will be determined by the type of resection, and the rate of complications is high however is the best alternative healing in our hospital.
Assuntos
Humanos , Sacro/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Primary sacral tumors are rare, treatment in most cases is surgical with or without adjuvant radiotherapy; oncology and functional results are usually adverse with a high rate of complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, analytical and observational studies that includes 22 cases treated between 2000 and 2017, analyzed their characteristics demographic, the type of treatment received, and the oncological, functional results and the rate of complications were analized. RESULTS: 22 patients were subjected to sacrectomy with posterior approah because of cordoma (13 patients), giant cell tumour (three patients) and other (six patients). Three total sacrectomies, 13 partial sacrectomies, two hemisacrectomies and four sacrectomies enlarged were performed. The mean surgical time was 229 minutes, with an average bleeding of 2,100 cm3, the average tumour size was 13.8 cm (6-30cm); 10 patients were presented with complications, eight by surgical site infection, one sacral hernia and one osteomyelitis. Overall survival was 44.4 months. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of sacral tumors is complex, requires a multidisciplinary team; the oncological result is adequate when you get free margins of neoplasia, the functional results will be determined by the type of resection, and the rate of complications is high however is the best alternative healing in our hospital.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Los tumores primarios de sacro son poco frecuentes, el tratamiento en la mayoría de los casos es quirúrgico con o sin radioterapia adyuvante; los resultados oncológicos y funcionales suelen ser adversos con una tasa alta de complicaciones. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, analítico y observacional que incluye 22 casos tratados entre el 2000 y 2017, se analizaron sus características demográficas, el tipo de tratamiento en la recidiva y el resultado oncológico y funcional; asimismo, se analizó la tasa de complicaciones. RESULTADOS: 22 pacientes fueron sometidos a sacrectomía, con abordaje posterior por cordoma (13 pacientes), tumor de células gigantes (tres pacientes) y otros (seis pacientes). Se realizaron tres sacrectomías totales, 13 sacrectomías parciales, dos hemisacrectomías y cuatro sacrectomías ampliadas. La media de duración quirúrgica fue de 229 minutos, con un sangrado promedio de 2,100 cm3, el tamaño tumoral promedio fue de 13.8 cm (6-30 cm); presentaron complicaciones 10 pacientes, ocho por infección de sitio quirúrgico, uno por hernia sacra y uno por osteomielitis. La supervivencia global fue de 44.4 meses. DISCUSIÓN: El tratamiento de los tumores sacros es complejo y requiere un equipo multidisciplinario; el resultado oncológico es adecuado cuando se consiguen márgenes libres de neoplasia, los resultados funcionales estarán determinados por el tipo de resección y la tasa de complicaciones es alta; sin embargo, es la mejor alternativa de curación.
Assuntos
Sacro , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sacro/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Introducción: Los tumores del sacro representan <7% de los tumores espinales, prevalecen los tumores secundarios por mieloma múltiple o carcinomas de próstata, mama, pulmón o colón. El cordoma es el tumor maligno primario más frecuente y el tumor de células gigantes es la lesión benigna más común. Por su evolución, compromiso de estructuras extraóseas y la escasa respuesta a los tratamientos coadyuvantes, la cirugía es el tratamiento más utilizado, la vía de abordaje y la necesidad de instrumentación dependerán del tumor por tratar. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: evaluar el uso de la resección parcial del sacro, analizar la técnica quirúrgica y reconocer las complicaciones. Materiales y Métodos: Cuatro pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor sacro ubicado por debajo de S1, que consultan por dolor y cuyas imágenes confirman la lesión. A todos se les realiza una resección en bloque por vía posterior preservando S1. Se describe la técnica. Resultados: Los estudios anatomopatológicos revelaron: un cordoma, un tumor maligno de vaina nerviosa, un condrosarcoma y una metástasis de carcinoma prostático. Se preservó la función de S1 en todos los pacientes; uno tiene disfunción vesical permanente. Se observaron una dehiscencia de la herida, una infección y una fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo. Todos permanecen sin la enfermedad tras un seguimiento de entre 6 y 24 meses. Conclusiones: La resección parcial del sacro por abordaje posterior único se puede indicar cuando la lesión compromete desde S2 hacia distal y no hay compromiso sacroilíaco. La preservación de raíces es de vital importancia para garantizar mejores resultados posoperatorios y una menor tasa de infección. Nivel de Evidencia: IV
Introduction: Tumors of the sacrum represent less than 7% of spinal tumors. Secondary tumors due to multiple myeloma or prostate, breast, lung and colon carcinomas predominate. Chordoma is the most frequent primary malignant tumor and giant cell tumor is the most common benign lesion. For its evolution, involvement of extra bone structures and poor response to the adyuvant therapy, surgery is the most commonly used treatment, the approach and the need for instrumentation depend on tumor to treat. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the use of partial resection of sacrum, analyze the surgical technique and assess complications. Methods: Four patients with diagnosis of sacral tumor below S1, who presented with pain and images confirming the injury. All underwent an en bloc resection by posterior via preserving S1. The technique is described. Results: The pathological results were: a chordoma, a malignant nerve sheath tumor, a chondrosarcoma and a metastasis of prostatic carcinoma. S1 function was preserved in all patients; one has permanent bladder dysfunction. Wound dehiscence, infection and cerebrospinal fluid fistula were detected. Patients are free of disease after a follow-up of 6-24 months. Conclusions: Partial resection of the sacrum using a unique posterior approach may be indicated when the injury involves from S2 distally and no sacroiliac involvement is observed. Root preservation is vital to guarantee the best postoperative results and a lower rate of infection. Level of Evidence: IV