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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The symbol digit modality test is a reactive which provides great support in neuropsychological evaluation. Its execution permits to evaluate brain functions such as visual perception, stimuli recognition, attention (focal, selective and sustained), task supervision, interference control among others. OBJECT: The purpose of the current research study was to analyze the normative percentiles of the execution of the test, to identify the performance activity of the reactive according to age group and gender; applying the test in a sample of college students. METHOD: The sample included 250 university students,142 (56.8%) males and 108 (43.2%) females. The age range of the participants was between 18 and 34 years old (M=21.53, DE=2.25). A transversal, non-experimental, quantitative research model with a correlational scope was used. RESULTS: The correct answer average for the test was 52.83 (DE=13,60) and for percentile P5 31,55 right answers were found; for percentile P75 60,00 right answers, P25 had 46,00 right answers, and for P95 74,45 right answers were found. No significant differences were found for the mean of errors in the test in terms of age group f(3, 246)=0,67, p=0,57 and gender t(248)=0,68, p=0,49 of the participants as comparison factor. CONCLUSIONS: Results were discussed based on prior research pointing out the importance of counting with a first statistical parameter of the test as ground for neuropsychological clinical practice in Ecuador.
RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: El test de símbolos y dígitos es un reactivo de gran apoyo en la evaluación neuropsicológica. Su ejecución permite la valoración de funciones cerebrales como la percepción visual, el reconocimiento de estímulos, la atención (focalizada, selectiva y sostenida), supervisión de tareas, control de la interferencia y otras. OBJETIVO: En el presente artículo se reporta una investigación que tuvo como finalidad analizar los percentiles normativos de la ejecución del test, identificar las diferencias en el rendimiento del reactivo, según grupo etario y género de los valores del test al ser aplicado en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios. MÉTODO: La muestra estuvo conformada por 250 estudiantes universitarios, 142 (56,8%) hombres y 108 (43,2%) mujeres. El rango de edad de los participantes fue entre 18 y 34 años de edad (M=21,53, DE=2,25). Se utilizó un diseño de investigación cuantitativo, transversal, no experimental y alcance correlacional. RESULTADOS: Se encontró que la media de aciertos en el test es de 52,83 (DE=13,60) y en el percentil P5 se encontraron 31,55 aciertos; el el percentil P25 existieron 46,00 aciertos, en el percentil P75 se hallaron 60,00 aciertos y en el percentil P95 se encontraron 74,45 aciertos. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la media de errores del test, considerando el grupo etario f(3, 246)=0,67, p=0,57 y género t(248)=0,68, p=0,49 de los participantes como factor de comparación. CONCLUSIONES: Se discuten los resultados en torno a investigaciones previas, mencionando la importancia de contar con un primer parámetro estadístico del test como base para la práctica clínica neuropsicológica en Ecuador.
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OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between multitasking ability defined by performance on a complex task integrating multiple cognitive domains and vocational functioning in multiple sclerosis (MS). DESIGN: Survey data collection. SETTING: Laboratory with referrals from an outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling individuals with MS (N=30) referred between October 2011 and June 2012. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The modified Six Elements Test (SET) to measure multitasking ability, Fatigue Severity Scale to measure fatigue, several neuropsychological measures of executive functioning, and vocational status. RESULTS: Among the sample, 60% of individuals have reduced their work hours because of MS symptoms (cutback employment group) and 40% had maintained their work hours. Among both groups, SET performance was significantly associated with performance on several measures of neuropsychological functioning. Individuals in the cutback employment group demonstrated significantly worse overall performance on the SET (P=.041). Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between SET performance and vocational status, while accounting for neuropsychological performance and fatigue. The overall model was significant (χ(2)3=8.65, P=.032), with fatigue [Exp(B)=.83, P=.01] and multitasking ability [Exp(B)=.60, P=.043] retained as significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Multitasking ability may play an important role in performance at work for individuals with MS. Given that multitasking was associated with vocational functioning, future efforts should assess the usefulness of incorporating multitasking ability into rehabilitation planning.