RESUMO
Background: In areas of low disturbance, such as the Aysén Region of Chile, the presence of roads can inadvertently facilitate the spread of invasive species. To address this issue, it is imperative to maintain up-to-date biological inventories, as they serve as a primary source of information for the conservation of species and ecosystems. However, the maintenance of systematic inventories of vascular plants in Chile is virtually non-existent, especially outside protected wilderness areas. The data we have come from an inventory of vascular plant species along a stretch of coastal road in Puerto Cisnes (Aysén Region), characterised by a cut slope in the rock. The site is located between mountain ranges, in a region known for its protected wilderness areas and low levels of anthropogenic alteration. The study adopted an observational sampling design, using the road as a transect. For each species identified, the growth substrate, habit and dispersal mode were recorded. A total of 70 species (36 herbs, 23 shrubs and 11 trees) belonging to 42 families were found. The most represented families were Hymenophyllaceae (nine species) and Myrtaceae (four species). We recorded nine introduced species belonging to seven botanical families (Cirsiumvulgare (Savi) Ten., Crocosmiacrocosmiiflora (Lemoine ex Burb. & Dean) N.E.Br., Cytisusscoparius (L.) Link, Digitalispurpurea L., Lotuspedunculatus Cav., Plantagolanceolata L., Polygonumcampanulatum Hook. f., Prunellavulgaris L., Rubusconstrictus Lefèvre & P.J.Müll). Of these nine species, seven are invasive, while the remaining two species have not been assessed for invasive potential (i.e. Crocosmiacrocosmiiflora and Polygonumcampanulatum). In particular, Crocosmiacrocosmiiflora and Rubusconstrictus are new regional records. The majority of species were found growing on the ground (44 species), while a significant proportion were found exclusively on rocky slopes (17 species). According to their seed dispersal mechanism, the most common syndromes were anemochory (32 species) and ornithochory (20 species). Other mechanisms such as mammalochory, ballochory or myrmecochory were less common (less than four species). New information: This study provides valuable data on the vascular flora of Puerto Cisnes, Chile, a modest human settlement in a minimally altered landscape. The region, dominated by native forests and a burgeoning salmon farming industry, has few inventories, so the database presented here adds significantly to local botanical knowledge. The main novelty of this research is that it is the first inventory carried out on a road in a slightly altered area surrounded by protected wilderness areas (such as Magdalena Island National Park and Queulat National Park). The study systematically categorises species according to substrate, habitat and dispersal mode, dimensions that are rarely combined in a single database.The inventory identifies 70 species (36 herbs, 23 shrubs and 11 trees) in 42 families. The most represented families were Hymenophyllaceae (with nine species) and Myrtaceae (with four species). Additionally, we recorded, two introduced species (Crocosmiacrocosmiiflora and Rubusconstrictus) at least 100 km south of their known distribution.
RESUMO
Abstract: In Brazil, the number of floristic inventories involving ferns and lycophytes in the Cerrado domain is considerable. However, most of the diversity is recorded for states in the Central-West Region. In addition to the Cerrado domain, Maranhão State contains part of Amazonia and a small portion of the Caatinga. However, for this state, ferns and lycophytes are poorly sampled in floristic studies and data related to the diversity of these species are insufficient. Due to the scarcity of data about these groups, conducting floristic inventories in the state is extremely important, mainly in protected areas that contain regional vegetation near primary vegetation. Thus, the objective of the present study was to conduct a floristic inventory of the fern and lycophyte species in Chapada das Mesas National Park. We identified 86 species: 69 species of ferns, distributed in 35 genera and 17 families; and 17 species of lycophytes, distributed in five genera and three families. Among the species identified, five are new records for the Northeast Region of Brazil, twenty-one are new records for Maranhão State and eleven are new records for the Cerrado; until now, these were only recorded for Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest. The most representative families were Pteridaceae with 14 species, Selaginellaceae with 12 species, Thelypteridaceae with 11 species, and Anemiaceae, Hymenophyllaceae and Dryopteridaceae with six species each. The rupicolous life form was predominant. The new occurrence records for the Cerrado, Northeast Region and Maranhão are evidence that floristic research of ferns and lycophytes is still insufficient in these areas, and a greater sampling effort is needed to increase what is known about the diversity of these plants.
Resumo: No Brasil o número de inventários florísticos envolvendo samambaias e licófitas no domínio Cerrado são consideráveis. Entretanto, a maior parte dessa diversidade é registrada para os estados da região Centro-Oeste. Além do domínio Cerrado, o território do estado do Maranhão inclui parte da Amazônia e uma pequena porção da Caatinga. No entanto, para este estado, samambaias e licófitas são pouco amostradas nos estudos florísticos e os dados relacionados à diversidade dessas espécies são insuficientes. Devido à escassez de dados sobre esses grupos, a realização de inventários florísticos no estado é de extrema importância, principalmente em unidades de conservação que contêm vegetação regional similar à vegetação primária. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar um inventário florístico das espécies de samambaias e licófitas no Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas. Nós identificamos 86 espécies: 69 espécies de samambaias, distribuídas em 35 gêneros e 17 famílias; e 17 espécies de licófitas, distribuídas em cinco gêneros e três famílias. Dentre as espécies identificadas, cinco são novos registros para a região Nordeste do Brasil, vinte e uma são novos registros para o Estado do Maranhão e onze são novos registros para o Cerrado; até agora, esses foram registrados apenas para a Amazônia e a Mata Atlântica. As famílias mais representativas foram Pteridaceae com 14 espécies, Selaginellaceae com 12 espécies, Thelypteridaceae com 11 espécies e Anemiaceae, Hymenophyllaceae e Dryopteridaceae com seis espécies cada. A forma de vida rupícola foi predominante. Os novos registros de ocorrência para o Cerrado, Nordeste e Maranhão evidenciam que a pesquisa florística de samambaias e licófitas ainda é insuficiente nessas áreas, sendo necessário um maior esforço amostral para aumentar o conhecimento em relação a diversidade dessas plantas.
RESUMO
A new species, Leucheria cantillanensis sp. nov., endemic to the coastal mountain range of Central Chile, is described. By using both nDNA and cpDNA, phylogenetic relationships of the new species were investigated. This new species belongs to the acaulescent/subacaulescent clade of Leucheria, which is congruent with the morphology of the species. A detailed description, distribution map, insights about its habitat, conservation status, and illustrations are provided. An updated key for acaulescent/subacaulescent species of Leucheria from Central Chile is also given.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Isolated monoliths of granitic and/or gneissic rock rising abruptly from the surrounding landscape are known as inselbergs. Dome-shaped inselbergs are common throughout the Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil, a region known as Sugarloaf Land (SLL). This study aimed to create the first checklist of vascular plant species occurring on lowland inselbergs in SLL, with a focus on vegetation islands. We used information from online databases, our own field sampling and data from previously-published studies. We found 548 vascular plant species (505 angiosperms; 43 ferns and lycophytes) belonging to 69 families and 212 genera. Of all identified species, 536 are native and 12 are naturalised. NEW INFORMATION: We updated the information currently available in Flora do Brasil 2020, as 59% of the angiosperms and 63% of the ferns and lycophytes on our checklist were not previously characterised as occurring on rock outcrops. As a first step towards generating a Virtual Herbarium of lowland inselberg vascular plants, we added barcode vouchers with images available online for 75% of the total number of vascular species. In the official lists of endangered species, 115 angiosperms and five ferns and lycophytes are mentioned. However, the conservation status of many species have not yet been evaluated (77% angiosperms; 88% ferns and lycophytes), thus this list is an important step towards their conservation. The information provided herein is essential for management programmes related to rock outcrops in Brazil as they are facing serious threats to conservation.
RESUMO
Sinningia gigantifolia Chautems é uma espécie rupícola restrita à Serra da Mantiqueira e partes altas da Serra do Mar, que ocorre principalmente em formações florestais. O presente trabalho apresenta o primeiro registro desta espécie para o Estado de São Paulo, na Serra do Baú, em São Bento do Sapucaí. Uma descrição completa da espécie, uma análise da sua distribuição e uma alteração na chave de identificação do gênero Sinningia da Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo são fornecidas.
Sinningia gigantifolia Chautems is a rupicolous species restricted to the Serra da Mantiqueira and higher parts of the Serra do Mar in SE Brazil, ocurring mainly in forest formations. This note presents the first record of this species for São Paulo State, from the Serra do Baú, in São Bento do Sapucaí. A full species description, an analysis of its distribution and a revised key to the genus Sinningia for the Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo are provided.