RESUMO
Resumen La rotura esplénica es una complicación rara pero potencialmente fatal de la mononucleosis infecciosa. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 18 años que consultó por dolor abdominal de siete días de evolución, asociado a fiebre y pérdida de conciencia brusca y transitoria. En el hemograma presentaba una anemia y linfocitosis. Se realizó una tomografía computada de abdomen y pelvis que mostró un extenso hemoperitoneo, con el bazo rodeado por un hematoma, y numerosas adenopatías cervicales, mesentéricas e inguinales. Se efectuó una laparoscopía que demostró abundante hemoperitoneo con coágulos a lo largo de la gotera parietocólica izquierda. El bazo estaba completamente decapsulado y rodeado por una colección hemática con sangrado en napa. Se realizó una esplenectomía total sin complicaciones. El estudio histopatológico esplénico mostró una atenuación de la pulpa blanca y expansión de la pulpa roja con áreas de hemorragia y necrosis. La IgM anti-cápside para virus de Epstein Barr fue positiva. La paciente evolucionó de manera favorable.
Abstract Splenic rupture is a rare but potentially fatal complication of infectious mononucleosis. We report the case of an 18-year-old woman, who presented a 7-day history of abdominal pain, sudden temporary loss of consciousness and fever. Admission blood tests showed anemia, and lymphocytosis. Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated extensive hemoperitoneum and numerous cervical, mesenteric and inguinal enlarged lymph nodes. Laparoscopy was performed and abundant hemoperitoneum with blood clots along the left parietocolic gutter were observed. The spleen was completely decapsulated and surrounded by a hematoma and the subcapsular tissue was bleeding. Total splenectomy was performed without complications. Splenic histology demonstrated white pulp attenuation and expansion of the red pulp with focal hemorrhage and necrosis. IgM anti-viral capsid antigen of Epstein Barr virus was positive. The patient had a satisfactory recovery.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Ruptura Esplênica/cirurgia , Ruptura Esplênica/diagnóstico , Ruptura Esplênica/etiologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr , Mononucleose Infecciosa/complicações , Ruptura Espontânea , Esplenectomia , Herpesvirus Humano 4RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Splenic abscesses are rare entities; reports are commonly described in immunocompromised patients (72%) as: hematologic diseases, diabetes, endocarditis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, transplant patients and subjects who had abdominal trauma or splenic infarction. The main and most serious complication is the abscess rupture into the peritoneal cavity or adjacent organs (stomach or colon), which determines hemodynamic instability or septic state. CLINICAL CASE: Fifty-year-old man, who was admitted at Emergency Room due eight days' progressive, oppressive, and current pain; intensity 4/10, irradiated at hemi-back, which was higher intensity during the standing and decreased at supine position. It was accompanied by nausea and vomiting in two occasions. LABORATORY RESULTS: Hemoglobin 15.1g/dl, hematocrit 45.2%, platelets 176×103, 23.1×103 leukocytosis, neutrophils 92%. Simple abdominal radiographic studies revealed in 'ground glass' and radiopaque imagines. CONCLUSIONS: At presence of free air inside the abdominal cavity, is usually to think of a complicated diverticular disease, intestinal perforation or perforated peptic ulcer. The actual medical literature described very few cases of splenic abscess with pneumoperitoneum as cardinal manifestation. In our case, the splenic abscess was detected during exploratory laparotomy and only in retrospective the imaging studies were interpreted.