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OBJECTIVES: This study is to evaluate biocompatibility, bioactive potential, porosity, and dentin/material interface of Bio-C Repair (BIOC-R), MTA Repair HP (MTAHP), and Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dentin tubes were implanted into subcutaneous of rats for 7, 15, 30, and 60 days. Thickness of capsules, number of inflammatory cells (ICs), interleukin-6 (IL-6), osteocalcin (OCN), and von Kossa were evaluated. Porosity and material/dentin interface voids were also analyzed. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: IRM capsules were thicker and contained greater ICs and IL-6-immunopositive cells at 7 and 15 days. BIOC-R capsules exhibited higher thickness and ICs at 7 days and greater IL-6 at 7 and 15 days than MTAHP (p < 0.05). At 30 and 60 days, no significant difference was observed among the groups. OCN-immunopositive cells, von Kossa-positive, and birefringent structures were observed in BIOC-R and MTAHP. MTAHP exhibited higher porosity and interface voids (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: BIOC-R, MTAHP, and IRM are biocompatible. Bioceramics materials demonstrate bioactive potential. MTAHP presented the highest porosity and presence of voids. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: BIOC-R and MTAHP have adequate biological properties. BIOC-R demonstrated lower porosity and presence of voids, which may represent better sealing for its clinical applications.
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Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Ratos , Animais , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Porosidade , Cápsulas , Interleucina-6 , Teste de Materiais , Compostos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Compostos de Cálcio/química , Silicatos/farmacologia , Silicatos/química , Dentina , Óxidos/química , Combinação de Medicamentos , Compostos de Alumínio/farmacologia , Compostos de Alumínio/químicaRESUMO
Purpose: To analyze clinical and functional outcomes of patients submitted to posterior meniscal root repair of the medial or lateral meniscus in different settings, with at least 6 months of follow-up. Patients and Methods: Retrospective multicentric study assessing epidemiological characteristics and clinical-functional results of 22 patients who underwent meniscal root reinsertion (MRR) by transtibial technique. This study addressed different settings: isolated medial root repair, medial root repair associated with high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and lateral root repair associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Results: Twelve patients had an isolated tear of the posterior root of the medial meniscus and underwent MRR alone. Six patients had a varus axis >5°, undergoing MRR in addition to HTO in the same surgical procedure. Four patients underwent repair of the posterior root of the lateral meniscus associated with simultaneous reconstruction of the ACL. The main results of the study were observed in the improvement of the IKDC score from 27.7% preoperatively to 69.8% in the postoperative period (p < 0.0001) and the Lysholm score of 44.4 points preoperatively to 88.4 points in the postoperative period (p < 0.0001). Significant clinical and subjective improvements were also reported. Conclusion: Medial meniscal root repair, associated or not with valgus tibial osteotomy (when indicated) and lateral meniscal root repair associated with ACL reconstruction, improved clinical, functional, and subjective results of the patients presented in this case series in the short term.
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OBJECTIVE: The durability of root repair for acute type A aortic dissection is not well studied in the context of aortic insufficiency and stability of the sinuses of Valsalva. We compared clinical and functional outcomes in patients undergoing root repair and replacement for acute type A aortic dissection. METHODS: Of 716 patients undergoing surgery for acute type A aortic dissection, 585 (81.7%) underwent root repair and 131 (18.3%) underwent root replacement. Survival, cumulative incidence of reoperation, aortic insufficiency, and sinuses of Valsalva dilation were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 84.1% versus 77.3%, 70.8% versus 69.2%, 57.6% versus 58.0% in the root repair and replacement groups, respectively (P = .69). Cumulative incidence of reoperation at 1, 5, and 10 years was 0.0% versus 0.8%, 1.4% versus 3.8%, and 3.4% versus 8.6% in the root repair and root replacement groups, respectively (P = .011). Multivariable Cox regression identified sinuses of Valsalva diameter 45 mm or more as a risk factor for proximal aortic reoperation (hazard ratio, 9.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-65.24). In a repeated-measures, linear, mixed-effects model, root replacement was associated with smaller follow-up of sinuses of Valsalva dimensions (ß = -0.66, P < .001). In an ordinal longitudinal mixed model, root replacement was associated with lower severity of postoperative aortic insufficiency (ß = -3.10, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Survival is similar, but the incidence of aortic insufficiency and root dilation may be greater after root repair compared with root replacement for acute type A aortic dissection.
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Aneurisma Aórtico/cirurgia , Dissecção Aórtica/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese Vascular , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Seio Aórtico/cirurgia , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Dissecção Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Dissecção Aórtica/mortalidade , Aneurisma Aórtico/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Aórtico/mortalidade , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/fisiopatologia , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese Vascular/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Recidiva , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Seio Aórtico/diagnóstico por imagem , Seio Aórtico/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objective: Endodontic perforation is a challenging mishap that should be repaired with a biocompatible material, Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine are the most commonly used repair materials. However, these materials are expensive, (MTA) has prolonged setting time and difficult manipulation. The purpose of this study is to prepare the experimental nano calcium-aluminate/tri-calcium-silicate (CA/C3S) material and comparing its physical properties with biodentine and MTA, to evaluate the experimental material eligibility to compete the commercial repair materials. And to perform part two (animal study) that will evaluate the cytotoxicity, the biocompatibility and the efficacy of (CA/C3S) in furcal perforation repair compared to diode laser. Material and Methods: A mixture of calcium carbonate and aluminum oxide was used to formulate calcium aluminate phase (CA), tri-calcium-Silicate phase (C3S) was formulated by firing of calcium carbonate and quartz. The produced powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction, then (CA) and (C3S) mixed with water.(CA/ C3S) compared with MTA and biodentine for setting-time, micro-hardness, dimensional-stability and solubility. Results: Mean setting time of (CA/C3S) was (32.70±0.75min) which is significantly higher than MTA and Biodentine. The Mean microhardness of (CA/C3S) was (56.50±7.41VHN) which has no statical difference with MTA and Biodentine. Solubility results showed weight increase for (CA/C3S) as following (6.29±3.05)and loss of weight for MTA and Biodentine. The percentage of change in dimensions for(CA/C3S) increased as following (0.64±0.78) while decreased for MTA and Biodentine. Conclusion: The experimental (CA/C3S) material showed good microhardness, dimensional stability and acceptable setting time that could be improved in further work (AU)
Objetivo: A perfuração endodôntica é um percalço desafiador que deve ser reparado com um material biocompatível, Agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA) e Biodentina são os materiais de reparo mais comumente usados. No entanto, esses materiais são caros, (MTA) tem tempo de presa prolongado e difícil manipulação. O objetivo deste estudo é preparar o material experimental de nano aluminato de cálcio/silicato tricálcico (CA/C3S) e comparar suas propriedades físicas com biodentina e MTA, para avaliar a elegibilidade do material experimental para competir com os materiais de reparo comerciais. E realizar a segunda parte (estudo animal) que avaliará a citotoxicidade, a biocompatibilidade e a eficácia do (CA/C3S) no reparo de perfuração de furca em comparação ao laser de diodo.Material e Métodos: Uma mistura de carbonato de cálcio e óxido de alumínio foi usada para formular a fase de aluminato de cálcio (CA), a fase tri-cálcio-silicato (C3S) foi formulada por queima de carbonato de cálcio e quartzo. Os pós produzidos foram investigados por difração de raios X, em seguida (CA) e (C3S) misturados com água. (CA/ C3S) comparados com MTA e biodentina para tempo de presa, microdureza, estabilidade dimensional e solubilidade. Resultados: O tempo médio de presa de (CA/C3S) foi (32,70±0,75min) que é significativamente maior que MTA e Biodentine. A microdureza média de (CA/C3S) foi (56,50±7,41VHN) que não tem diferença estática com MTA e Biodentine. Os resultados de solubilidade mostraram aumento de peso para (CA/C3S) conforme a seguir (6,29±3,05) e perda de peso para MTA e Biodentine. A porcentagem de mudança nas dimensões para (CA/C3S) aumentou como segue (0,64±0,78), enquanto diminuiu para MTA e Biodentine. Conclusão: O material experimental (CA/C3S) apresentou boa microdureza, estabilidade dimensional e aceitável tempo de presa, que pode ser melhorado em trabalhos futuros (AU)
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Difração de Raios X , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Carbonato de Cálcio , Lasers de Estado Sólido , Óxido de AlumínioRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Patients with acute type A aortic dissection demonstrate a wide range of aortic insufficiency. Outcomes after valve resuspension and root repair are not well studied in the long term. We evaluated the long-term effects of preoperative aortic insufficiency in patients undergoing emergency root-preserving surgery for acute type A aortic dissection. METHODS: From 2002 to 2017, 558 of 776 patients with acute type A aortic dissection underwent native aortic valve resuspension and root reconstruction. Patients were stratified into 4 groups by preoperative aortic insufficiency grade (n = 539): aortic insufficiency less than 2+ (n = 348), aortic insufficiency = 2+ (n = 72), aortic insufficiency = 3+ (n = 49), and aortic insufficiency = 4+ (n = 70). Multivariable ordinal longitudinal mixed effects and multi-state transition models were used to assess risk factors for recurrent aortic insufficiency. RESULTS: The prevalence of cardiogenic shock in patients presenting with preoperative aortic insufficiency less than 2+, 2+, 3+, and 4+ was 53 of 348 (15.2%), 12 of 72 (16.7%), 10 of 49 (20.4%), and 24 of 70 (34.3%), respectively (P = .002). Postoperatively, 94.0% of patients had aortic insufficiency 1+ or less at discharge. Operative mortality was 34 of 348 (9.8%), 10 of 72 (13.9%), 6 of 49 (12.2%), and 12 of 70 (17.1%) (P = .303). In an ordinal mixed effects model, preoperative aortic insufficiency was associated with more severe postoperative aortic insufficiency. The multi-state transition model demonstrated that severe aortic insufficiency was associated with progression from no to mild aortic insufficiency (hazard ratio, 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-3.38), and progression from mild to moderate aortic insufficiency (hazard ratio, 5.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.88-17.30). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative aortic insufficiency is an important predictor of recurrent aortic insufficiency in patients undergoing valve resuspension with root reconstruction for emergency acute type A aortic dissection repair. Increased echocardiographic surveillance for recurrent aortic insufficiency may be warranted in this cohort.
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Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/cirurgia , Dissecção Aórtica/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Idoso , Aorta/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tratamentos com Preservação do Órgão/efeitos adversos , Tratamentos com Preservação do Órgão/mortalidade , Reoperação/mortalidade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Abstract Differences in liquid-to-powder ratio can affect the properties of calcium silicate-based materials. This study assessed the influence of powder-to-gel ratio on physicochemical properties of NeoMTA Plus. Setting time (minutes), flow (mm and mm²), pH (at different periods), radiopacity (mm Al) and solubility (% mass loss) were evaluated using the consistencies for root repair material (NMTAP-RP; 3 scoops of powder to 2 drops of gel) and root canal sealer (NMTAP-SE; 3 scoops of powder to 3 drops of gel), in comparison to Biodentine cement (BIO) and TotalFill BC sealer (TFBC). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). BIO had the shortest setting time, followed by NMTAP-RP and NMTAP-SE. TFBC showed the highest setting time and radiopacity. BIO, NMTAP-RP, and NMTAP-SE had similar radiopacity. All materials promoted an alkaline pH. NMTAP-RP/SE presented lower solubility than BIO and TFBC. Regarding the flow, TFBC had the highest values, followed by NMTAP-SE, and NMTAP-RP. BIO had the lowest flow. In conclusion, NMTAP in both powder-to-gel ratios showed high pH and low solubility. The increase in the powder ratio decreased the setting time and flow. These findings are important regarding the proper consistency and work time to clinical application.
Resumen Las diferencias en la proporción líquido/polvo pueden afectar las propiedades de los materiales a base de silicato de calcio. Este estudio evaluó la influencia de la proporción polvo/gel en las propiedades fisicoquímicas del cemento NeoMTA Plus. El tiempo de fraguado (minutos), la fluidez (mm y mm²), el pH (en diferentes períodos), la radiopacidad (mmAl) y la solubilidad (% de pérdida de masa) fueron evaluados utilizando las consistencias para el material de reparación radicular (NMTAP-RP; 3 cucharadas de polvo/2 gotas de gel) y para cemento sellador del conducto radicular (NMTAP-SE; 3 cucharadas de polvo/3 gotas de gel), en comparación con el cemento Biodentine (BIO) y el cemento TotalFill BC (TFBC). El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando las pruebas ANOVA y Tukey unidireccionales (α=0.05). BIO tuvo el tiempo de fraguado más corto, seguido de NMTAP-RP y NMTAP-SE. TFBC mostró el mayor tiempo de fraguado y radiopacidad. BIO, NMTAP-RP y NMTAP-SE tuvieron una radiopacidad similar. Todos los materiales promovieron un pH alcalino. NMTAP-RP/ SE tuvieron una solubilidad menor que BIO y TFBC. Con respecto a la fluidez, TFBC tuvo los valores más altos, seguido de NMTAP-SE y NMTAP-RP. BIO tuvo la fluidez más baja. En conclusión, NMTAP en la relación polvo/gel mostró un pH alto y una baja solubilidad. El aumento en la proporción de polvo disminuyó el tiempo de fraguado y la fluidez. Estos hallazgos son importantes con respecto a su consistencia y tiempo de trabajo durante la aplicación clínica.
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Calcarea Silicata/análise , Físico-Química , Cemento DentárioRESUMO
Meniscal root tears are defined as radial tears located within 1 cm from the meniscal attachment or a bony root avulsion. This injury is biomechanically comparable to a total meniscectomy, leading to compromised hoop stresses resulting in decreased tibiofemoral contact area and increased contact pressures in the involved compartment. These changes are detrimental to the articular cartilage and ultimately lead to the development of early osteoarthritis. Surgical repair is the treatment of choice in patients without significant osteoarthritis (Outerbridge grades 3 or 4). Root repairs have been reported to improve clinical outcomes, decrease meniscal extrusion and slow the onset of degenerative changes. Here we describe the anatomy, biomechanics, clinical evaluation, treatment methods, outcomes, and post-operative rehabilitation for posterior meniscal root tears.
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The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the biocompatibility and interaction of bioceramic materials with animal and human mesenchymal cells in vitro and in vivo and to compare them with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Two independent researchers conducted PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus searches to identify studies published in English, without restrictions on year of publication using the following keywords: "root canal sealer," "root repair material," "cytotoxicity," and "bioceramics." The articles were selected following the PRISMA statement. A total of 1486 titles were identified in the initial search. However, only 18 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that bioceramic materials have biological properties similar to those of MTA, including low cytotoxicity as well as promoting cell proliferation and adhesion, low expression of inflammatory cytokines, and reduced pulp inflammation. This systematic review therefore suggests that the choice of repair bioceramic materials or MTA based on biocompatibility should be the professional's decision.
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AIM: To evaluate the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, TGF-ß, IL-4, IL-10, RANKL, RANK and OPG on mouse calvarial bone treated with MTA, Geristore® and Emdogain® . METHODOLOGY: Bone wounds were made on the heads of C57BL/6 mice, breaking the periosteum and the cortical surface of the calvaria. Each repair agent was inserted into sectioned Eppendorf microtubes and placed on the bone wound, and soft tissues were sutured. At 14 and 21 days, animals were sacrificed and the treated region was dissected. The calvaria bone was removed, and RNA was extracted. mRNA expression of the aforementioned cytokines was assessed using real-time PCR. Data were analysed by nonparametric methods, including the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Following treatment with Emdogain® and MTA, mRNA expression of RANKL, RANK and OPG increased significantly (P < 0.05) between days 14 to 21. Geristore® did not alter the basal expression of these mediators during the same period of evaluation. Whilst treatment with Emdogain® did cause a significant increase in TNF-α mRNA expression between days 14 and 21 (P < 0.05), treatment with MTA did not alter the basal expression of this cytokine at either experimental time point. However, TNF-α mRNA expression was down-regulated significantly at day 21 (P < 0.05) when Geristore® was applied. A significant increase in the mRNA expression of IL-6, TGF-ß, IL-10, IL-4 and IFN-γ was observed with Emdogain® and MTA treatment between days 14 to 21, whereas Geristore® reduced significantly the expression of IL-6, TGF-ß and IL-4 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The clinical indication of these repair agents depends on the root resorption diagnosis. Whilst MTA and Emdogain® induce a pro- and anti-inflammatory response early and late, respectively, Geristore® was not associated with an inflammatory reaction when compared with both repair agents.
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Compostos de Alumínio/farmacologia , Compostos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Proteínas do Esmalte Dentário/farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/farmacologia , Óxidos/farmacologia , Resinas Sintéticas/farmacologia , Reabsorção da Raiz/imunologia , Silicatos/farmacologia , Animais , Citocinas/genética , Combinação de Medicamentos , Inflamação/metabolismo , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Osteoprotegerina/metabolismo , Ligante RANK/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Receptor Ativador de Fator Nuclear kappa-B/metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To propose bismuth carbonate, a radiopacifying agent, as a new endodontic root repair material that was added to Portland cement (PC) at 2 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 15 wt%, and physicochemical and biological properties of each formulation were evaluated in comparison to MTA-Angelus. METHODS: Mixed and powder samples were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray power diffraction (XRD), and the semiquantitative constitution of the powder was determined by energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Setting time was evaluated by Vicat needle and radiopacity analysed with digital X-ray. The pH of all tested materials was observed after immersion in water for 3, 24, 48, 72 and 168 h (or 7 days). Solubility and calcium release were measured after immersion in water for 24 h. A multiparametric assay XTT-NR-CVDE was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the materials in human periodontal ligament (HPDL) fibroblasts. HPDL fibroblasts were exposed to PC 15% and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL1A, IL6, IL8, TNF) and bone formation genes (ALP, COL1, RUNX2) was evaluated by real-time PCR. Mineralisation of HPDL fibroblasts cocultured with PC, PC 15% and MTA was evaluated with Von Kossa staining. RESULTS: PC-based groups presented more irregular and larger particles than MTA. PC and MTA showed similarities as observed by XRD and EDS. Setting time of PC-based groups was increased with the addition of bismuth carbonate. All tested materials were alkaline, and pH tended to reduce over time. All cements had solubility lower than recommended, with no difference between them (P>0.05) and showed calcium release. PC 15% had similar radiopacity when compared with MTA (P>0.05). Cell viability was higher for the tested materials than the positive control (P<0.001), but there was no difference when they were compared with negative control (P>0.05). Gene expression levels were similar for all tested groups (P>0.05). Analysed cements had positive Von Kossa staining. CONCLUSION: Overall, the addition of 15% of bismuth carbonate did not result in significant changes to its physicochemical and biological properties when compared with MTA, except for the setting time, and may be considered a potential substitute for MTA.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxicity on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts of three root-end filling materials: MTA Angelus(r), EndoSequence Root Repair Material Putty(r) and Super EBA(r). A primary culture of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts was previously obtained in order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the three extracts from the root-end filling materials after 2 and 7 days of setting. Serial dilutions of these extracts (1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8) were evaluated at 1, 3 and 7 days using the methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay. Cell viability was evaluated as percentage of the negative control group, which represented 100% cell viability. Statistical analyses were done with t-test, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance level of 5%. It was found that the main difference among root-end filling materials was in the higher dilutions (p<0.05), but there was a similar behavior in lower dilutions (p>0.05). Cell viability of MTA Angelus(r) was superior for 2-day setting (p<0.05), compared with the other two root-end fillings. There were no statistically significant differences between 7-day set MTA Angelus(r) and EndoSequence Root Repair Material Putty(r). Super EBA(r) showed the lowest percentage of cell viability at higher dilutions (p<0.05). Therefore, MTA Angelus(r) and EndoSequence Root Repair Material Putty(r) were less cytotoxic in the highest dilution (1:1) compared with Super EBA(r).
Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a citotoxicidade em fibroblastos do ligamento periodontal humano de três cimentos de retrobturação: MTA Angelus(r), EndoSequence Root Repair Material Putty(r) e Super EBA(r). Uma cultura de fibroblastos primários do ligamento periodontal humano foi obtida anteriormente a fim de avaliar a citotoxicidade dos três extratos dos cimentos de retrobturação após 2 e 7 dias de endurecimento. As diluições em série destes extratos (1:1, 1:2, 1:4 e 1:8) foram avaliados em 1, 3 e 7 dias empregando o ensaio colorimétrico metil-tiazol-tetrazólio (MTT). A viabilidade celular foi calculada em base da porcentagem do grupo de controle negativo, que representou 100% de viabilidade de células. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com o teste t, ANOVA e teste de Kruskal-Wallis a um nível de significância de 5%. Verificou-se que a principal diferença entre os cimentos de retrobturação estava nas diluições mais elevadas (p<0,05) e houve um comportamento semelhante nas diluições mais baixas (p>0,05). A viabilidade celular dos fibroblastos do ligamento periodontal humano foi superior para MTA Angelus(r) de 2 dias de endurecimento (p<0,05), em comparação com os outros materiais de retrobturação. Não houve diferença significante entre MTA Angelus(r) e EndoSequence Root Repair Material Putty(r) de 7 dias de endurecimento. Super EBA(r) mostrou a menor percentagem da viabilidade celular nas diluições mais altas (p<0,05). Portanto, os cimentos de retrobturação MTA Angelus(r) e EndoSequence Root Repair Material Putty(r) foram menos citotóxicos na diluição mais alta (1:1) em comparação com Super EBA(r).