RESUMO

The ornamental rock exploration and coating industry has led to significant environmental impacts due to the inadequate manner in which these residues are released into the environment. This impact may be reduced by using these residues for soil enrichment, as they contain high levels of inorganic nutrients. However, some elements may be potential contaminants, thus requiring a thorough previous research before employing these substances in agriculture. In this context, this study aims to determine potentially toxic elements present in rock dust residues, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and V, through Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP OES) after wet decomposition. Cd concentrations in residual rock dust waste surpassed the maximum limit established by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply stipulated in normative instruction No. 5/2016 for remineralizers and substrates for plants intended for agriculture. In addition, the official digestion method adopted by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Embrapa (used for soil analysis) was used for a rock dust waste analysis and compared to two different block digester-based procedures. Accuracy was confirmed by using the Certified Reference Material (CRM) NIST SRM 1646a (Estuarine Sediments) and addition/recovery tests. The limits of detection for the aforementioned elements, after aqua-regia-induced digestion, were of 0.07 mg kg-1 for As, 0.06 mg kg-1 for Cd, 0.01 mg kg-1 for Cr, 0.2 mg kg-1 for Cu, 0.03 mg kg-1 for Pb, and 0.09 mg kg-1 for V.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The daylily rust culture, caused by Puccinia hemerocallidis, is a major foliar disease. The application of fungicide is the method of control of this disease, however, in Brazil there are little recent studies evaluating the control of this pathogen. The objective was to determine the inhibitory concentration (IC50 and IC100) of eight products on the germination the P. hemerocallidis urediniospores. Fungicides azoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole and tebuconazole were tested; in addition to the rock dust, all at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg L-1. The products were diluted successively to obtain the desired concentrations, mixed in water-agar media and after solidifying the mixture was added to Petri dishes along with the suspension of urediniospores. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Under the optical microscope 100 urediniospores per Petri dish were analyzed. Data was statistically analyzed by regression. All fungicides from the strobilurin chemical group (azoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin) and tebuconazole showed highly toxicity to urediniospores of the P. hemerocallidis, and epoxiconazole and cyproconazole fungicides, such as the rock dust had moderately toxicity.(AU)

Na cultura do hemerocale a ferrugem, causada por Puccinia hemerocallidis, é a principal doença foliar. A aplicação de fungicidas é um dos métodos de controle desta doença. No entanto, no Brasil há poucos estudos avaliando o seu efeito no controle deste patógeno. O objetivo foi determinar a concentração inibitória (CI50 e a CI100) de oito produtos sobre a germinação de uredoporos de P. hemerocallidis. Testaram-se os fungicidas: azoxistrobina, picoxistrobina, piraclostrobina, trifloxistrobina, ciproconazol, epoxiconazol e tebuconazol; e ainda o pó de rocha, todos nas concentrações de 0; 0,01; 0,1; 1; 10 e 100 mg L-1. Os produtos foram diluídos sucessivamente até se obter as concentrações desejadas, misturados em meio ágar-água e após a solidifi cação da mistura em placas de Petri acrescentou-se a suspensão de uredosporos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Em microscópio óptico foram analisados 100 uredosporos por placa de Petri. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de regressão. Todos os fungicidas do grupo químico das estrobilurinas (azoxistrobina, picoxistrobina, piraclostrobina e trifloxistrobina) e o tebuconazol apresentaram elevada fungitoxicidade a uredosporos de P. hemerocallidis, e os fungicidas ciproconazol e epoxiconazol, bem como o pó de rocha, apresentaram ação moderadamente fungitóxica.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The daylily rust culture, caused by Puccinia hemerocallidis, is a major foliar disease. The application of fungicide is the method of control of this disease, however, in Brazil there are little recent studies evaluating the control of this pathogen. The objective was to determine the inhibitory concentration (IC50 and IC100) of eight products on the germination the P. hemerocallidis urediniospores. Fungicides azoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole and tebuconazole were tested; in addition to the rock dust, all at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg L-1. The products were diluted successively to obtain the desired concentrations, mixed in water-agar media and after solidifying the mixture was added to Petri dishes along with the suspension of urediniospores. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Under the optical microscope 100 urediniospores per Petri dish were analyzed. Data was statistically analyzed by regression. All fungicides from the strobilurin chemical group (azoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin) and tebuconazole showed highly toxicity to urediniospores of the P. hemerocallidis, and epoxiconazole and cyproconazole fungicides, such as the rock dust had moderately toxicity.

Na cultura do hemerocale a ferrugem, causada por Puccinia hemerocallidis, é a principal doença foliar. A aplicação de fungicidas é um dos métodos de controle desta doença. No entanto, no Brasil há poucos estudos avaliando o seu efeito no controle deste patógeno. O objetivo foi determinar a concentração inibitória (CI50 e a CI100) de oito produtos sobre a germinação de uredoporos de P. hemerocallidis. Testaram-se os fungicidas: azoxistrobina, picoxistrobina, piraclostrobina, trifloxistrobina, ciproconazol, epoxiconazol e tebuconazol; e ainda o pó de rocha, todos nas concentrações de 0; 0,01; 0,1; 1; 10 e 100 mg L-1. Os produtos foram diluídos sucessivamente até se obter as concentrações desejadas, misturados em meio ágar-água e após a solidifi cação da mistura em placas de Petri acrescentou-se a suspensão de uredosporos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Em microscópio óptico foram analisados 100 uredosporos por placa de Petri. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de regressão. Todos os fungicidas do grupo químico das estrobilurinas (azoxistrobina, picoxistrobina, piraclostrobina e trifloxistrobina) e o tebuconazol apresentaram elevada fungitoxicidade a uredosporos de P. hemerocallidis, e os fungicidas ciproconazol e epoxiconazol, bem como o pó de rocha, apresentaram ação moderadamente fungitóxica.

Assuntos