RESUMO
Objective: We present the applications and experiences of robot-assisted laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery (RALTS) in pediatric surgery. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational, and longitudinal study was conducted from March 2015 to March 2018 that involved a non-random sample of a pediatric population that was treated with RALTS. The parameters examined were: gender, age, weight, height, diagnoses, surgical technique, elapsed time of console surgery, estimated bleeding, need for hemotransfusion, complications, surgical conversions, postoperative hospital stay, and follow-up. The Clavien-Dindo classification of complications was used. The surgical system used was the da Vinci model, Si version (Intuitive Surgical, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA. U.S.A), with measures of central tendency. Results: In a 36-months period, 186 RALTS cases were performed, in 147 pediatric patients and an adult; 53.23% were male, and the remaining were female. The average age was 83 months, ranging from 3.5 to 204 months, plus one adult patient of 63 years. The stature was an average of 116.6 cm, with a range of 55-185 cm; the average weight was 26.9 kg, with a range of 5-102 kg; the smallest patient at 3.5 months was 55 cm in stature and weighed 5.5 kg. We performed 41 different surgical techniques, grouped in 4 areas: urological 91, gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary (GI-HB) 84, thoracic 6, and oncological 5. The console surgery time was 137.2 min on average, ranging from 10 to 780 min. Surgeon 1 performed 154 operations (82.8%), and the remainder were performed by Surgeon 2, with a conversion rate of 3.76%. The most commonly performed surgeries were: pyeloplasty, fundoplication, diaphragmatic plication, and removal of benign tumors, by area. Hemotransfusion was performed for 4.83%, and complications occurred in 2.68%. The average postoperative stay was 2.58 days, and the average follow-up was 23.5 months. The results of the 4 areas were analyzed in detail. Conclusion: RALTS is safe and effective in children. An enormous variety of surgeries can be safely performed, including complex hepatobiliary, and thoracic surgery in small children. There are few published prospective series describing RALTS in the pediatric population, and most only describe urological surgery. It is important to offer children the advantages and safety of minimal invasion with robotic assistance; however, this procedure has only been slowly accepted and utilized for children. It is possible to implement a robust program of pediatric robotic surgery where multiple procedures are performed.
RESUMO
Resumen Introducción Desde su aprobación, la cirugía robótica ha crecido como una técnica útil, prometedora y probablemente superior en muchas cirugías. El objetivo de este estudio es exponer y evaluar los resultados de 6 años de experiencia, en cirugía digestiva asistida por robot, utilizada en diferentes procedimientos gastrointestinales, a lo largo de estos años. Material y Método Realizamos una revisión retrospectiva de todos los pacientes consecutivos sometidos a cirugía asistida por robot, realizada por un cirujano digestivo del Departamento de Cirugía Bariátrica y Departamento de Cirugía Robótica de la Clínica Santa María, de Santiago de Chile, entre septiembre de 2011 y mayo de 2017. Resultados Un total de 290 pacientes fueron sometidos a cirugía digestiva asistida por robot durante 6 años. Todos los pacientes fueron operados por el mismo cirujano digestivo. Los procedimientos primarios realizados fueron bypass gástrico en Y-Roux con anastomosis manual, gastrectomía en manga, cirugía revisional bariátrica y no bariátrica, fundoplicatura de Nissen, colecistectomía con puerto único, miotomía de Heller con fundoplicatura de Dor, hernioplastías, y otros casos excepcionales. La mayoría de los procedimientos secundarios fueron colecistectomías, hernioplastías hiatales y adherenciolisis. La estadía hospitalaria promedio fue de 3 días. Se observaron complicaciones postoperatorias en 27 (9,3%) pacientes. De acuerdo a la clasificación de Clavien Dindo, 4 (1,4%) complicaciones fueron Clavien I, 5 (1,7%) Clavien II, 18 (6,2%) Clavien III, 0 Clavien IV, 0 Clavien V. No hubo mortalidad en este grupo. El tiempo total promedio de los procedimientos fue de 76 min. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 64 min. Conclusión La cirugía digestiva asistida por robot es una técnica confiable y segura, que se puede utilizar para muchas enfermedades.
Background Since its approval, robotic surgery has been growing as a useful, promising and probably superior technique for many surgeries. The aim of this study is to expose and evaluate the results of a 6-year experience, of a single surgeon, with robotic assisted surgery, used for different gastrointestinal procedures throughout this years. Study Design We conducted a retrospective revision of all consecutive robotic assisted gastrointestinal cases performed by a single gastrointestinal laparoscopic surgeon of the Bariatric Surgery Department and Robotics Surgery Department of Clínica Santa María of Santiago, Chile, between September 2011 and May 2017. Results A total of 290 patients underwent robotic gastrointestinal surgery during 6 years. All cases were performed by the same gastrointestinal surgeon. Primary procedures performed were totally hand sewn Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, revisional bariatric and non-bariatric surgery, Nissen fundoplication, single port cholecystectomy, Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication, hernia repairs, and other exceptional cases. A total of 512 procedures were performed in 290 patients. The majority of secondary procedures were cholecystectomies, hiatal hernia repairs and adhesiolysis. Average length of hospital stay was 3 days. Postoperative complications were observed in 27 (9.3%) patients. According to Clavien Dindo classification of surgical complications, 4 (1.4%) complications were Clavien I, 5 (1.7%) Clavien II, 18 (6.2%) Clavien III, 0 Clavien IV, 0 Clavien V. There were no deaths in this group. Mean operative time was 76 minutes. Mean surgical time was 64 minutes. Conclusion Robot assisted upper gastrointestinal surgery is a reliable and effective technique, that can be used in many diseases.