RESUMO
A new monotypic genus is described and illustrated based on the species Pugliesemyia titiznana gen. nov. et sp. nov. from the Caatinga domains of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. It belongs to the small group of genera in the Neotropical region (Stonyx Osten Sacken, Lepidanthrax Osten Sacken, Rhynchanthrax Painter) among the tribe Villini, with a projecting proboscis. In addition, we also provide an updated identification key to the known Brazilian genera of Villini, description and illustrations of the pupal case, bionomic remarks on the feeding habits and the host record of the species and a brief discussion on Villini systematics and boundaries of their genera.
Assuntos
Pupa , Animais , Brasil , Pupa/anatomia & histologia , Pupa/classificação , Masculino , Feminino , Dípteros/classificação , Dípteros/anatomia & histologia , Comportamento AlimentarRESUMO
Weeds are an important source of natural products; with promising biological activity. This study investigated the anti-kinetoplastida potential (in vitro) to evaluate the cytotoxicity (in vitro) and antioxidant capacity of the essential oil of Rhaphiodon echinus (EORe), which is an infesting plant species. The essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by reduction of the DPPH radical and Fe3+ ion. The clone Trypanosoma cruzi CL-B5 was used to search for anti-epimastigote activity. Antileishmanial activity was determined using promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis (MHOM/CW/88/UA301). NCTC 929 fibroblasts were used for the cytotoxicity test. The results showed that the main constituent of the essential oil was γ-elemene. No relevant effect was observed concerning the ability to reduce the DPPH radical; only at the concentration of 480 µg/mL did the essential oil demonstrate a high reduction of Fe3+ power. The oil was active against L. brasiliensis promastigotes; but not against the epimastigote form of T. cruzi. Cytotoxicity for mammalian cells was low at the active concentration capable of killing more than 70% of promastigote forms. The results revealed that the essential oil of R. echinus showed activity against L. brasiliensis; positioning itself as a promising agent for antileishmanial therapies.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários , Doença de Chagas , Lamiaceae , Leishmaniose Mucocutânea , Óleos Voláteis , Trypanosoma cruzi , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Doença de Chagas/tratamento farmacológico , Mamíferos , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologiaRESUMO
The chromosomes of the dogtooth characins, fish species of the family Cynodontidae, have only a relatively small amount of heterochromatin, including the terminal portion. Curiously, in the cynodontid Cynodon gibbus, the terminal portion is rich in repetitive DNAs, including transposable retroelements and microsatellite sequences. Given this, this study investigated the composition of the terminal portion of the chromosomes of two cynodontid species (Rhaphiodon vulpinus and Hydrolycus armatus), to compile a database for the evaluation of all three cynodontid genera, and in particular, verify the possible tendency for the accumulation of repetitive DNAs in the terminal portion of the chromosomes of C. gibbus, H. armatus, and R. vulpinus. The Rex1, Rex3, and Rex6 transposable retroelements and the (CA)15, (GA)15, (GATA)8, (GACA)8, (CAT)10, and (CAC)10 microsatellite motifs are found primarily in the terminal portion of the chromosomes of the species analyzed in this study, except R. vulpinus, which has no evidence of the presence of Rex1 or Rex3 through the fluorescent in situ hybridization technique. The mapping of the repetitive sequences, principally the microsatellite motifs, indicates a marked tendency for the accumulation of these sequences in the terminal portions of the chromosomes, which may have played a fundamental role in the differentiation of the three species.