RESUMO
Bariatric surgery is the most effective obesity treatment. As a chronic and progressive disease, weight loss response to surgery will vary individually. Thus, insufficient weight loss or regain can happen after surgery, but they lack a standard definition. There are different mechanisms underlying weight regain and/or insufficient weight loss, such as genetics, maladaptive eating behaviors, and the inadequate choice of index operations, among others. Patients with weight regain or insufficient weight loss should be submitted to an individualized and comprehensive evaluation by a multidisciplinary team. This may help identify the causes and direct the appropriate treatment individually. Options for patients with insufficient weight loss and/or weight regain following bariatric surgery include repair of postoperative complications, conversion into another operation, endoscopic therapies with inconsistent outcomes, and dietary/behavioral counseling. Revision and conversion surgeries have higher complication rates than primary operations. Although there is no standard pharmacological regimen for that indication, the new agents seem efficient and safe to promote the loss of the regained weight and even be adjunctive to selected patients before they reach the plateau. This review aims to summarize the knowledge of the best approach for patients with weight regain/insufficient weight loss and suggests an algorithm to customize the approach and therapeutic options after bariatric surgery.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Derivação Gástrica , Laparoscopia , Obesidade Mórbida , Humanos , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Gastrectomia , Reoperação , Redução de Peso/fisiologia , Aumento de Peso/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The future of minimally invasive surgery in revisional surgery is experiencing changes with new equipment such as the magnetic assistance that can be used with single port devices in order to perform an incisionless surgery (Luengas R, Galindo J, Castro M, et al. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2021;17(1):147-152). Magnetic assistance through an auxiliary grasper with two internal magnets serves beyond liver retraction in different steps of the surgery improving the surgical field by obtaining a better visualization and triangulation. PURPOSE: Expose the feasibility of using two internal magnetic graspers by single port performing a conversion surgery of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS: A 36-year-old female patient underwent a SG in 2015 and consults in 2021 because of severe GERD with a 33-point GERD-HRQL score. She has preoperative evaluation for a conversion surgery from SG to RYGB. Using a single port device through the umbilicus, an additional 5 mm trocar was placed in the left side of the abdomen. Two internal magnets were introduced through the umbilicus, and they were controlled by two external magnets placed over the abdomen with an articulated arm. The first magnet was used for liver retraction and the second one to perform both anastomoses, close the intermesenteric and Petersen defect, acting as an auxiliary grasper. The ethical committee approval was obtained through an informed consent from the participant included in the study.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Derivação Gástrica , Refluxo Gastroesofágico , Laparoscopia , Obesidade Mórbida , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Reoperação/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Derivação Gástrica/efeitos adversos , Gastrectomia/efeitos adversos , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/etiologia , Fenômenos Magnéticos , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for weight loss, with comorbidity control. With low complication rates, the reasons for reoperation are major complications or weight loss failure/weight regain. Nonsurgical problems can also present, such as anemia, dehydration, chronic pain, and malnutrition, among others. Our aim was to analyze the main causes of revisional surgery, reoperation, and hospital readmission, at a specialized bariatric center. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients that underwent bariatric surgery within the time frame of 2012 and 2019. The baseline analysis included demographic, anthropometric, and perioperative data, as well as a sub-analysis of the main readmission causes and complications. RESULTS: A total of 776 primary surgeries were performed (649 RYGBP, 127 SG, and 10 revisional surgeries), and 99 patients were identified for the study: 10 revisional surgeries, 44 reoperations, and 45 readmissions. The incidence of revisional surgery was 1.2%, reoperation was 5.6%, and readmission 5.8%. Fifty percent of the revisional surgeries were performed due to insufficient weight loss or weight regain; the most frequent causes of reoperation were cholecystitis (38.6%) and internal hernias (9.1%); and the most common causes of readmission were nonspecific abdominal pain (35.5%) and dehydration (24.4%). CONCLUSION: The most frequent causes of postoperative readmission were nonsurgical events, followed by non-bariatric reoperations, and finally revisional surgeries. There was a low incidence of early reoperations. Knowledge of the abovementioned data is important for identifying higher-risk patients, to prevent major complications.
RESUMO
The demand for revisional bariatric surgery after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has increased, but the ideal procedure remains unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to compare the outcomes of weight loss and safety of one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) as revisional procedures for failed SG. Four retrospective comparative studies were included, comprising 499 individuals. Patients submitted to OAGB had a more significant total weight loss (TWL) (MD = - 5.89%; 95% CI - 6.80 to - 4.97) after revisional surgery. Overall early complication rate was similar between procedures (RD = 0.04; 95% CI: - 0.05 to 0.12). Limited and heterogeneous data prevent meaningful conclusions, but the present analysis suggests that OAGB has a better TWL after revisional surgery.
Assuntos
Derivação Gástrica , Obesidade Mórbida , Humanos , Derivação Gástrica/efeitos adversos , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Reoperação/métodos , Gastrectomia/métodos , Redução de Peso , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Laparoscopic gastric plication (LGP) is a relative new bariatric procedure with a high revision rate, mostly to sleeve gastrectomy. There are few reported cases of conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The purpose of this video was to show the feasibility and safety, as well as the main technical aspects, of a laparoscopic conversion of gastric plication to RYGB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 40-year-old morbidly obese woman with a previous LGP, consulted for insufficient weight loss, weight regain, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms, and was converted to RYGB. RESULTS: Surgical technique included lysis of adhesions between the stomach and the greater omentum, take down of the plication, partial gastrectomy of the devascularized fundus and body and conversion to RYGB. At 30 months, she has achieved a total weight loss (TWL) of 42.43% with no GERD symptoms recurrence. CONCLUSION: Conversion to RYGB is a safe and effective option to treat weight recidivism and GERD after LGP.
Assuntos
Derivação Gástrica , Laparoscopia , Obesidade Mórbida , Adulto , Feminino , Gastrectomia , Humanos , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , EstômagoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Simultaneous augmentation-mastopexy is a particularly tricky operation with a considerable reoperation rate. The pectoralis muscle sling has proven to be a suitable alternative technique for long-term results in breast parenchyma suspension without silicone implants. This study aims to propose a promising approach to simultaneous augmentation-mastopexy revisional surgery using an inverted dual-plane technique acting as a muscular sling. METHODS: A 10-year historic cohort was conducted to obtain the following variables from our preexisting database: age, preoperative measurements, operative technicalities, implant details, time from procedure to revision, complications, and outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients assessed after the initial postoperative year were analyzed. Review of this series of patients revealed a revision rate of 3.8% and overall rate of morbidity of 11.5%. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous augmentation-mastopexy using an inverted dual-plane technique acting as a muscular sling is a reliable and safe procedure. Review of this series of patients revealed low rates of morbidity and reoperation need. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Assuntos
Implantes de Mama/efeitos adversos , Mamoplastia/métodos , Músculos Peitorais/cirurgia , Falha de Prótese , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/transplante , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Bases de Dados Factuais , Estética , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Mamoplastia/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Reoperação/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Cicatrização/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of 67 patients who underwent revisional bariatric surgeries over a 29-year period in a Brazilian public hospital. METHODS: The records of all patients who underwent revisional bariatric surgery from January 1987 to December of 2016 at our hospital were analyzed for weight loss and complications. Descriptive statistics and paired t tests were computed. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients were included in the study. The primary surgeries previously performed on these patients were biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) (37 cases, 55.2%), jejunoileal bypass (JIB) (24 cases, 35.8%), sleeve gastrectomy (4 cases, 5.9%), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (1 case, 1.5%), and laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (1 case, 1.5%). The indications for revisional surgery were as follows: malnutrition in 29 cases (43.3%), failure to lose weight in 27 cases (40.3%), weight regain in 5 cases (7.5%), and untreatable diarrhea in 6 cases (9.2%). Most revisional surgeries were performed using JIB or BPD-DS. Operative mortality was higher after the revisional procedures compared with that following the primary bariatric surgeries. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients requiring a revisional surgery had undergone a primary BPD-DS or JIB. Severe and untreatable malnutrition and diarrhea were the main indications for the revisional procedures. RYGB produced significant and sustainable weight loss and exhibited a low risk of malnutrition or requiring revisional surgery.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Síndromes de Malabsorção/cirurgia , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Reoperação , Adulto , Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Cirurgia Bariátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Desvio Biliopancreático/efeitos adversos , Desvio Biliopancreático/métodos , Desvio Biliopancreático/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Gastrectomia/efeitos adversos , Gastrectomia/métodos , Gastrectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Derivação Gástrica/efeitos adversos , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Derivação Gástrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Públicos , Humanos , Derivação Jejunoileal/efeitos adversos , Derivação Jejunoileal/métodos , Derivação Jejunoileal/estatística & dados numéricos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Laparoscopia/estatística & dados numéricos , Síndromes de Malabsorção/epidemiologia , Síndromes de Malabsorção/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade , Obesidade Mórbida/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Reoperação/métodos , Reoperação/mortalidade , Reoperação/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Redução de PesoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The laparoscopic gastric plication (LGP) is a relative new bariatric procedure that has gained popularity over the last few years, but no real consensus exists and the evidence is unclear, especially in its real efficacy, safety, and durability. METHODS: Retrospective study analyzing the records patients submitted to LGP between 2009 and 2010. The primary objective was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients submitted to revisional surgery. Baseline data and evolution were obtained and analyzed. Surgical analysis included revision cause, perioperative outcome, type of surgery, complications, and weight loss after 18 months. A comparison between gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy was performed. RESULTS: One hundred LGP were performed. After a mean time of 13.5 months, 42 patients presented an overall excess weight loss (EWL) <50 % and 38 had severe symptoms. Thirty patients accepted revisional surgery with BMI before conversion of 38.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2. There were 17 laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and 13 laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGBP) with comparable preoperative characteristics. The LSG group had lower pneumoperitoneum time and less hospital stay. At 18 months, the LGBP group had lower BMI (24.1 ± 1.1 vs. 25.8 ± 1.3 kg/m2 for the LSG; p = 0.006) and higher %EWL (75.7 ± 16.1 vs. 61.4 ± 14.5 % for the LSG; p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: In our series, LGP presented a high failure rate and an increased number of symptomatic patients. Revisional surgery proved to be safe and effective. Revision to LSG was faster and had less hospital stay. Revision to LGBP showed better %EWL at 18 months.
Assuntos
Gastroplastia/métodos , Obesidade/cirurgia , Estômago/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Laparoscopia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Redução de PesoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is currently one of the most frequently performed bariatric interventions worldwide due to its simplicity and good weight loss results. Nevertheless, SG failure and complications are increasingly being observed as the number of procedures increases. OBJECTIVES: To report our results in converting SG to revisional laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (R-LRYGB). SETTING: University Hospital, Chile. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of our bariatric surgery database. Patients who underwent R-LRYGB after SG between June 2005 and April 2015 were identified. Demographic characteristics, anthropometrics, preoperative workup, and perioperative data were retrieved. Total weight loss (TWL), excess weight loss (EWL), and clinical progression over 3 years were registered. RESULTS: Fifty patients were identified, mean age 39±8.4 years, 42 (84%) women; median body mass index previous to R-LRYGB was 33.8 (31-36) kg/m2. Indications for revision were weight regain (n = 28, 56%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (n = 16, 32%), and gastric stenosis (n = 6, 12%). In weight-regain patients, mean follow-up at 3 years was 72.2% and median percentage of total weight loss at 12 and 36 months was 18.5 (12-24) and 19.3 (8-23), respectively; percentage of excess weight loss at 12 and 36 months was 60.7 (37-82) and 66.9 (26-90), respectively. Over 90% of gastroesophageal reflux disease patients resolved or improved symptoms. All patients with gastric stenosis resolved symptoms after conversion. There were no major complications. CONCLUSION: R-LRYGB is a feasible, effective, and well-tolerated alternative in selected patients with failed SG in which other therapies have been insufficient to either maintain weight loss or resolve complications. However, long-term follow-up is still needed.
Assuntos
Gastrectomia/efeitos adversos , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Adulto , Constrição Patológica/etiologia , Constrição Patológica/cirurgia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/etiologia , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/cirurgia , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Obesidade/cirurgia , Duração da Cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Reoperação/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Gastropatias/etiologia , Gastropatias/cirurgia , Aumento de Peso/fisiologia , Redução de Peso/fisiologiaRESUMO
Introducción: La cirugía bariátrica revisional se realiza para modificar o reparar alguno de los tipos de cirugía para perder peso, entre ellos la gastrectomía vertical laparoscópica (GVL). La revisión de procedimientos bariátricos se hace necesaria entre el 10 al 25 por ciento de los pacientes, ya sea por baja de peso insuficiente o por complicaciones, siendo la estenosis una de ellas. Posterior a una GVL, el bypass gástrico en Y de Roux (BPG) es la intervención quirúrgica más requerida para la conversión. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir una serie de 5 pacientes que tuvieron cirugía revisional por estenosis posterior a una GVL. Material y Métodos: Entre enero de 2006 y marzo de 2013, en 770 pacientes consecutivos se realizó GVL. Los pacientes fueron incluidos en un protocolo prospectivo. Cinco pacientes tuvieron cirugía revisional con conversión a BPG por estenosis posterior a la GVL. Tres pacientes fueron operados de GVL en nuestro hospital, los otros 2 provenían de otros centros hospitalarios. Resultados: En los 5 pacientes con cirugía revisional la edad promedio fue 39,8 +/- 15,7 años. Cuatro pacientes fueron mujeres (80 por ciento). El promedio IMC antes de GVL fue 37,0 +/- 2,1 kg/m² y del IMC antes del BPG fue 29,4 +/- 5,4 kg/m². El BPG fue laparoscópico en 3 casos y abierto en 2. No hubo complicaciones, ni mortalidad. Conclusiones: La conversión a bypass gástrico en Y de Roux es un tratamiento efectivo para la estenosis posterior a una GVL.
Introduction: Revisional bariatric surgery is performed to alter or repair one of the many types of weight loss surgery, including laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The revision of bariatric procedures is required between 10 to 25% of patients operated, either by insufficient weight loss or complications, including stenosis. After a LSG, the Roux- en- Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) is the most requested surgery for conversion. The aim of this study was to describe a series of 5 patients who had revisional surgery for stenosis following LSG. Material and Method: Between January 2006 and March 2013, in 770 consecutive patients was performed LSG. Patients were included in a prospective protocol. Five patients had revisional surgery with conversion to RYGBP for stenosis following LSG. In three patients the initial LSG was performed in our hospital, the other 2 were from other hospitals. Results: In the 5 patients with revisional surgery mean age was 39.8 ± 15.7 years. Four patients were women (80%). The average BMI before LSG was 37.0 ± 2.1 kg/m2 and BMI before RYGBP was 29.4 ± 5.4 kg/m2. The RYGBP was laparoscopic in 3 cases and opened in two. There were no complications, and no mortality. Conclusions: Conversion to RYGBP is an effective treatment for stenosis following a LSG.