RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To improve the diagnostic efficiency of current tests for auditory processing disorders (APDs) by creating new test signals using digital filtering methods. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study from August 1, 2014, to August 31, 2019, using 3 low speech redundancy tests with novel test signals that we created with specially designed digital filters: the binaural resynthesis test and the low pass and high pass filtered speech tests. We validated and optimized these new tests, then applied them to healthy individuals across different age groups to examine how age affected performance and to children with APD before and after acoustically controlled auditory training (ACAT) to assess clinical improvement after treatment. RESULTS: We found a progressive increase in performance accuracy with less restrictive filters (P<.001) and with increasing age for all tests (P<.001). Our results suggest that binaural resynthesis and auditory closure mature at similar rates. We also demonstrate that the new tests can be used for the diagnosis of APD and for the monitoring of ACAT effects. Interestingly, we found that patients having the most severe deficits also benefited the most from ACAT (P<.001). CONCLUSION: We introduce a method that substantially improves current diagnostic tools for APD. In addition, we provide information on auditory processing maturation in normal development and validate that our method can detect APD-related deficits and ACAT-induced improvements in auditory processing.
RESUMO
In the last decades, the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been growing fast to attend the markets of electric and hybrid vehicles and of electric portable devices. As scarce metals like cobalt and lithium are employed in their manufacturing the recycling of spent LIBs is a strategic solution for the sustainability of these minerals and also the maintenance of the LIBs production. Therefore, efforts should be driven to produce low cost, environment-friendly and industrially scalable recycling processes. In this study, a closed-loop process with these characteristics was developed to recover cobalt and lithium compounds from LiCoO2 cathodes of spent cell phone lithium-ion batteries. The process employs citric acid as green leaching agent to recover cobalt as CoC2O4.2H2O and Co3O4 and lithium as Li2CO3. Lithium compound was recovered from a proposed new and original method based on simple chemical procedures as evaporation-calcination and water dissolution. The developed process also allows the resynthesis of LiCoO2 as a stoichiometric, well crystallized and structurally ordered compound from the recovered Co and Li compounds, in a closed-loop recycling process. The obtained results indicate that the developed process has great potential to be scaled up to a recycling industrial plant of spent lithium-ion batteries.
RESUMO
Birds fed with vegetable diets rely on the endogenous synthesis of creatine, which requires amino acids, some of which, for example arginine (Arg), are considered essential for several physiological and metabolic functions. Creatine is limited to high energy expenditure cells, particularly muscle cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of guanidinoacetic acid and arginine (as precursors of creatine) in vegetable diets, on the performance, quality, and yield of broiler chickens. The treatments consisted of diets based on corn and soybean meal (T1); corn, soybean meal + 3% meat meal (T2); corn, soybean meal + 0.08% guanidinoacetic acid (T3); and corn, soybean meal + 0.08% L-arginine (T4). The productive performance of the birds aged 7-, 21-, and 42-days-old was determined. Eighteen 7-day-old birds were sacrificed per treatment to evaluate breast and leg yield, and breast muscle fibers,and eighteen 42-day-old birds were sampled per treatment to determine serum uric acid, urea, creatine,lactate, and glucose concentrations. The same birds were slaughtered to calculate carcass yield in relation to live weight and commercial cut yield. The right pectoralis major muscle of each bird was used to test pH, color (luminosity L*, red index a*, and yellow index b*), and loss of water by pressure analysis, and the left side was used to analyze losses by defrosting and cooking. The data were analyzed using the software SAS. Diets to which meat or vegetable meal plus guanidinoacetic acid or L-Arginine were added resulted in higher live weight and breast meat percentage at 7 days old. Feed conversion was affected for a total period of 1 to 42 days of age (P < 0.0002).[...](AU)
Aves alimentadas com dietas vegetais dependem da síntese endógena de creatina, que requer a participação de aminoácidos, alguns deles considerados essenciais para diversas funções fisiológicas e metabólicas, como a arginina (Arg). A creatina limita-se a células de alto gasto energético, em particular as células musculares. O objetivo foi avaliar a inclusão do ácido guanidinoacético e de arginina como precursor da creatina em dietas vegetais sobre o desempenho, a qualidade e o rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte. Os tratamentos consistiram em dietas baseadas em milho e farelo de soja (T1); dieta a base de milho, farelo de soja + 3% de farinha de carne (T2); dieta a base de milho e farelo de soja +0,08% de ácido guanidinoacético (T3) e dieta a base de milho e farelo de soja +0,08% de L-arginina(T4). O desempenho produtivo das aves foi determinado aos 7, 21 e 42 dias de idade. Aos sete dias de idade, 18 aves/tratamento foram sacrificadas para avaliação do rendimento de peito e pernas e parafibras musculares do peito. Aos 42 dias de idade foi coletado sangue de 18 aves/tratamento para a determinação das concentrações séricas de ácido úrico, uréia, creatina, lactato e glicose. As mesmas aves foram abatidas, para o cálculo de rendimento de carcaça em relação ao peso vivo e rendimento de cortes nobres. O músculo Pectoralis major direito de cada ave foi utilizado para as análises de pH,cor (luminosidade L*, índice de vermellho a* e índice de amarelo b*) e a perda de água por pressão e o lado esquerdo para as análises de perdas por descongelamento e por cozimento. Os dados foram analisados pelo software SAS. As dietas com adição de farinha de carne ou vegetais acrescidas de ácido guanidionacético ou L-Arginina resultaram em maior peso vivo e percentual de carne de peito aos sete dias. Para o período total de 1 a 42 dias de idade, observou-se efeito (P<0,0002) sobre a conversão alimentar.[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas/metabolismo , Aves Domésticas/fisiologia , Carne/análise , Carne , Arginina/análise , Aumento de Peso , Glicina , Ração AnimalRESUMO
Birds fed with vegetable diets rely on the endogenous synthesis of creatine, which requires amino acids, some of which, for example arginine (Arg), are considered essential for several physiological and metabolic functions. Creatine is limited to high energy expenditure cells, particularly muscle cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of guanidinoacetic acid and arginine (as precursors of creatine) in vegetable diets, on the performance, quality, and yield of broiler chickens. The treatments consisted of diets based on corn and soybean meal (T1); corn, soybean meal + 3% meat meal (T2); corn, soybean meal + 0.08% guanidinoacetic acid (T3); and corn, soybean meal + 0.08% L-arginine (T4). The productive performance of the birds aged 7-, 21-, and 42-days-old was determined. Eighteen 7-day-old birds were sacrificed per treatment to evaluate breast and leg yield, and breast muscle fibers,and eighteen 42-day-old birds were sampled per treatment to determine serum uric acid, urea, creatine,lactate, and glucose concentrations. The same birds were slaughtered to calculate carcass yield in relation to live weight and commercial cut yield. The right pectoralis major muscle of each bird was used to test pH, color (luminosity L*, red index a*, and yellow index b*), and loss of water by pressure analysis, and the left side was used to analyze losses by defrosting and cooking. The data were analyzed using the software SAS. Diets to which meat or vegetable meal plus guanidinoacetic acid or L-Arginine were added resulted in higher live weight and breast meat percentage at 7 days old. Feed conversion was affected for a total period of 1 to 42 days of age (P < 0.0002).[...]
Aves alimentadas com dietas vegetais dependem da síntese endógena de creatina, que requer a participação de aminoácidos, alguns deles considerados essenciais para diversas funções fisiológicas e metabólicas, como a arginina (Arg). A creatina limita-se a células de alto gasto energético, em particular as células musculares. O objetivo foi avaliar a inclusão do ácido guanidinoacético e de arginina como precursor da creatina em dietas vegetais sobre o desempenho, a qualidade e o rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte. Os tratamentos consistiram em dietas baseadas em milho e farelo de soja (T1); dieta a base de milho, farelo de soja + 3% de farinha de carne (T2); dieta a base de milho e farelo de soja +0,08% de ácido guanidinoacético (T3) e dieta a base de milho e farelo de soja +0,08% de L-arginina(T4). O desempenho produtivo das aves foi determinado aos 7, 21 e 42 dias de idade. Aos sete dias de idade, 18 aves/tratamento foram sacrificadas para avaliação do rendimento de peito e pernas e parafibras musculares do peito. Aos 42 dias de idade foi coletado sangue de 18 aves/tratamento para a determinação das concentrações séricas de ácido úrico, uréia, creatina, lactato e glicose. As mesmas aves foram abatidas, para o cálculo de rendimento de carcaça em relação ao peso vivo e rendimento de cortes nobres. O músculo Pectoralis major direito de cada ave foi utilizado para as análises de pH,cor (luminosidade L*, índice de vermellho a* e índice de amarelo b*) e a perda de água por pressão e o lado esquerdo para as análises de perdas por descongelamento e por cozimento. Os dados foram analisados pelo software SAS. As dietas com adição de farinha de carne ou vegetais acrescidas de ácido guanidionacético ou L-Arginina resultaram em maior peso vivo e percentual de carne de peito aos sete dias. Para o período total de 1 a 42 dias de idade, observou-se efeito (P<0,0002) sobre a conversão alimentar.[...]