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Os Conselhos Municipais de Meio Ambiente (CMMA) foram instituídos com a finalidade de assessorar o poder executivo nas questões relativas ao meio ambiente e ser um fórum para as tomadas de decisões. Nesses conselhos, a participação política e a representatividade são importantes e a sua observância é essencial para que sejam discutidas efetivamente suas pautas. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a participação sociopolítica nos CMMA dos municípios de Canela e São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul. As análises foram realizadas com base em dados de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, no período de 2013 a 2017. Concluiu-se que a participação sociopolítica, em ambas as instâncias deliberativas, ainda é precária, tendo como entraves a disparidade de representatividade e a não atuação efetiva dos conselheiros. Porém, entende-se como fundamental a constituição dos CMMA nos dois municípios, evidenciando as lutas ambientais e o caráter democrático e transformador destes espaços.

The Municipal Environmental Councils (CMMA) were created with the aim of advising the executive branch on issues related to the environment and serving as a forum for decision-making. In these councils, political involvement and representation are important and their observance is essential so that their agendas are effectively discussed. The aim of this article is to analyze the sociopolitical involvement in the CMMA of the municipalities of Canela and São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul. The analyzes were carried out based on data from bibliographic and documentary research, from 2013 to 2017. It was concluded that sociopolitical involvement, in both deliberative instances, is still precarious, having as obstacles the disparity of representativeness and non-action effectiveness of the advisers. However, it is understood as fundamental the constitution of the CMMA in the two municipalities, highlighting the environmental struggles and the democratic and transforming character of these spaces.

Los Consejos Ambientales Municipales (CMMA) fueron creados con el objetivo de asesorar al Poder Ejecutivo en temas relacionados con el medio ambiente y servir como foro para la toma de decisiones. En estos consejos la participación y representación política es importante y su observancia es fundamental para que sus agendas sean efectivamente discutidas. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la participación sociopolítica en el CMMA en los municipios de Canela y São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul. Los análisis se realizaron con base en datos de investigaciones bibliográficas y documentales, de 2013 a 2017. Se concluyó que la participación sociopolítica, en ambas instancias deliberativas, es aún precaria, teniendo como obstáculos la disparidad de la representatividad y la efectividad de la no acción de los asesores. Sin embargo, se entiende como fundamental la constitución de los CMMA en los dos municipios, destacando las luchas ambientales y el carácter democrático y transformador de estos espacios.

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Neste estudo, apresentamos um relato de pesquisa acerca de uma psicologia da diferença nas relações raciais, a fim de cartografar processos de subjetivação das relações raciais na formação da(o) psicóloga(o) e sua interface com a atuação profissional. Como métodos de pesquisa, utilizamos a cartografia, a participação observante, um círculo de cultura e duas rodas de conversa para produzir narrativas, relato e escrita de si em diário cartográfico. Para discussão e análise, realizamos um exercício ético-estético-poético e político, operando com ferramentas-conceitos da esquizoanálise e da epistemologia da decolonização. Como política dessa invenção, considera-se que: a) o pesquisador devém analisador/testemunha do lugar de fala das mulheres negras que compõem a cartografia a partir de sua representatividade; b) a presença de um número reduzido de negras(os) nos cursos da área da saúde é efeito da colonização da academia; c) a implicação ético-política da(o) psicóloga(o) emerge como dispositivo de enfrentamento ao racismo institucional; e que d) um movimento estudantil menor, ao devir comum minoritário, rompe com o instituído e instaura, de modo criativo, discussões que suscitam o debate em torno da psicologia nas relações raciais e de situações-problema que emergem do dispositivo interseccionalidade.(AU)

This study presents a research report about a psychology of the difference in race relations, aiming to map the subjectivation processes of race relations in the psychologist's training and their interface with the professional performance. We used cartography, observant participation, a culture circle, and two conversation circles for narrative production, self-reporting and writing in a cartographic diary as a research method. For the discussion and analysis, we conducted an ethical-aesthetic-poetic and political exercise, operating tools-concepts of schizoanalysis and the epistemology of decolonization. As a policy of this invention: a) the researcher becomes an analyzer/witness of the place of speech of black women who make up cartography from their representativeness; b) the presence of a small number of black women in health courses is an effect of the academy colonization; c) the ethical-political implication of the psychologist emerges as a device to confront institutional racism; and d) a smaller student movement becoming the common minority breaks with the instituted, creatively instituting discussions that open the debate about psychology in race relations and problem situations that emerge from the intersectionality device.(AU)

En este estudio, presentamos un informe de investigación sobre la psicología de la diferencia en las relaciones raciales, con el objetivo de mapear los procesos de subjetivación de las relaciones raciales en la formación del/la psicólogo/a y su interfaz con la práctica profesional. Como método de investigación, utilizamos la cartografía, la participación observadora, el círculo cultural y círculos de conversación para producir narrativa, relatos y escritura de sí en un diario cartográfico. Para la discusión y análisis, realizamos un ejercicio ético-estético-poético y político, operando herramientas y conceptos del esquizoanálisis y la epistemología de la decolonización. Como política de esta invención se considera que: a) el investigador se convierte en un analizador/testigo del lugar de habla de las mujeres negras que componen la cartografía desde su representatividad; b) la presencia de un pequeño número de negras/os en cursos de salud es resultado de la colonización de la academia; c) la implicación ético-política del/la psicólogo/a surge como un dispositivo para enfrentar el racismo institucional; y que d) un movimiento estudiantil más pequeño con el devenir común de la minoría rompe con lo establecido, instituyendo creativamente discusiones sobre la psicología en las relaciones raciales y las situaciones problemáticas que surgen del dispositivo de interseccionalidad.(AU)

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Most human and animal disease notification systems are unintegrated and passive, resulting in underreporting. Active surveillance can complement passive efforts, but because they are resource-intensive, their attributes must be evaluated. We assessed the sensitivity and representativeness of One-Health surveillance conducted at health facilities compared to health facilities plus monthly household visits in three rural communities of Guatemala. From September 2017 to November 2018, we screened humans for acute diarrheal, febrile and respiratory infectious syndromes and canines, swine, equines and bovines for syndromic events or deaths. We estimated the relative sensitivity as the incidence rate ratio of detecting an event in health facility surveillance compared to household surveillance from Poisson models. We used interaction terms between the surveillance method and sociodemographic factors or time trends to assess effect modification as a measure of relative representativeness. We used generalized additive models with smoothing splines to model incidence over time by surveillance method. We randomized 216 households to health facility surveillance and 198 to health facility surveillance plus monthly household visits. Health facility surveillance alone was less sensitive than when combined with household surveillance by 0.42 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.53), 0.56 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.79), 0.02 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.10), 0.28 (95% CI: 0.15, 0.50) and 0.22 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.92) times for human acute infections, human severe acute infections, and deaths in canines, swine and equines, respectively. Health facility surveillance alone underrepresented Spanish speakers (interaction p-value = 0.0003) and persons in higher economic assets (interaction p-values = 0.0008). The trend in incidence over time was different between the two study groups, with a larger decrease in the group with household surveillance (all interaction p-values <0.10). Surveillance at health facilities under ascertains syndromes in humans and animals which leads to underestimation of the burden of zoonotic disease. The magnitude of under ascertainment was differentially by sociodemographic factors, yielding an unrepresentative sample of health events. However, it is less time-intensive, thus might be sustained over time longer than household surveillance. The choice between methodologies should be evaluated against surveillance goals and available resources.

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Soil respiration (Rs), the efflux of CO2 from soils to the atmosphere, is a major component of the terrestrial carbon cycle, but is poorly constrained from regional to global scales. The global soil respiration database (SRDB) is a compilation of in situ Rs observations from around the globe that has been consistently updated with new measurements over the past decade. It is unclear whether the addition of data to new versions has produced better-constrained global Rs estimates. We compared two versions of the SRDB (v3.0 n = 5173 and v5.0 n = 10,366) to determine how additional data influenced global Rs annual sum, spatial patterns and associated uncertainty (1 km spatial resolution) using a machine learning approach. A quantile regression forest model parameterized using SRDBv3 yielded a global Rs sum of 88.6 Pg C year-1 , and associated uncertainty of 29.9 (mean absolute error) and 57.9 (standard deviation) Pg C year-1 , whereas parameterization using SRDBv5 yielded 96.5 Pg C year-1 and associated uncertainty of 30.2 (mean average error) and 73.4 (standard deviation) Pg C year-1 . Empirically estimated global heterotrophic respiration (Rh) from v3 and v5 were 49.9-50.2 (mean 50.1) and 53.3-53.5 (mean 53.4) Pg C year-1 , respectively. SRDBv5's inclusion of new data from underrepresented regions (e.g., Asia, Africa, South America) resulted in overall higher model uncertainty. The largest differences between models parameterized with different SRDVB versions were in arid/semi-arid regions. The SRDBv5 is still biased toward northern latitudes and temperate zones, so we tested an optimized global distribution of Rs measurements, which resulted in a global sum of 96.4 ± 21.4 Pg C year-1 with an overall lower model uncertainty. These results support current global estimates of Rs but highlight spatial biases that influence model parameterization and interpretation and provide insights for design of environmental networks to improve global-scale Rs estimates.

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Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a desigualdade entre homens e mulheres nas unidades federativas brasileiras e a atuação dos stakeholders do Conselho Nacional dos Direitos da Mulher (CNDM). Para tal, realizaram-se duas etapas de pesquisa. A primeira é baseada no cálculo de um índice sobre a disparidade entre gêneros nos estados brasileiros a partir da metodologia aplicada no Global Gender Gap Report (GGGR), elaborado pelo Fórum Econômico Mundial. Na segunda, foram mapeados os stakeholders do CNDM e analisada sua atuação diante das lacunas enfatizadas na primeira fase do estudo, à luz de referencial teórico amparado em modelos de análise de stakeholders. No Brasil, as dimensões que apresentaram o pior desempenho foram a política e a econômica, sendo as unidades federativas que obtiveram os melhores índices gerais Amapá, Distrito Federal e Maranhão, e os piores, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais e Paraná. Por outro lado, os stakeholders do CNDM que atuam nas políticas públicas ligadas às dimensões econômica e política parecem não ter grande relevância e capacidade de influência. As evidências indicam que existe concentração de esforços em políticas nas áreas em que o país apresenta bons indicadores no GGGR, como saúde e educação.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la brecha de género en las unidades federativas brasileñas y las acciones de los stakeholders del Consejo Nacional para los Derechos de la Mujer (CNDM). Con este fin, se realizaron dos etapas de investigación. La primera se basa en el cálculo de un índice sobre la brecha de género en los estados brasileños a partir de la metodología aplicada en el Global Gender Gap Report (GGGR), preparado por el Foro Económico Mundial. En la segunda etapa, se mapeareon los stakeholders del CNDM y se analizó su desempeño en vista de las brechas destacadas en la primera fase del estudio, a la luz del marco teórico respaldado por los modelos de análisis de stakeholders. En Brasil, las dimensiones de peor desempeño fueron la política y la económica, las unidades federativas que obtuvieron los mejores índices generales fueron Amapá, Distrito Federal y Maranhão, y las peores fueron Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais y Paraná. Por otro lado, los stakeholders del CNDM que actúan en políticas públicas relacionadas con las dimensiones económica y política no parecen tener gran relevancia e influencia. La evidencia indica que hay una concentración de esfuerzos en políticas en áreas donde el país tiene buenos indicadores de GGGR (salud y educación).

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the gender gap in Brazilian states and the actions of stakeholders of the National Council for Women's Rights (NCWR). Two research was conducted in two steps. In the first step, a gender gap index in Brazilian states was calculated based on the Global Gender Gap Report (GGGR) methodology, prepared by the World Economic Forum. In the second, the NCWR stakeholders were mapped, and their performance was analyzed, considering the gender gap indexes obtained in the first step and the theoretical framework supported by stakeholder analysis models. The political and economic dimensions presented the worst performance. The Brazilian states with the best general indexes were Amapá, Distrito Federal, and Maranhão, and the worst were Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, and Paraná. On the other hand, NCWR stakeholders acting in public policies related to the economic and political dimensions do not seem to have great relevance and influence capacity. Evidence indicates a concentration of policy efforts in areas where the country has good GGGR indicators (health and education).

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BACKGROUND: A major goal of tuberculosis (TB) epidemiological studies is to obtain results that can be generalized to the larger population with TB. The ability to extrapolate findings on the determinants of TB treatment outcomes is also important. METHODS: We compared baseline clinical and demographic characteristics and determinants of anti-TB treatment outcomes between persons enrolled in the Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis (RePORT)-Brazil cohort between June 2015 and June 2019, and the registry of TB cases reported to the Brazilian National TB Program (Information System for Notifiable Diseases [SINAN]) during the same time period. Multivariable regression models adjusted for the study site were performed using second-generation p-values, a novel statistical approach. Associations with unfavorable treatment outcomes were tested for both RePORT-Brazil and SINAN cohorts. FINDINGS: A total of 1,060 culture-confirmed TB patients were enrolled in RePORT-Brazil and 455,873 TB cases were reported to SINAN. Second-generation p-value analyses revealed that the cohorts were strikingly similar with regard to sex, age, use of antiretroviral therapy and positive initial smear sputum microscopy. However, diabetes, HIV infection, and smoking were more frequently documented in RePORT-Brazil. Illicit drug use, the presence of diabetes, and history of prior TB were associated with unfavorable TB treatment outcomes; illicit drug use was associated with such outcomes in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: There were important similarities in demographic characteristics and determinants of clinical outcomes between the RePORT-Brazil cohort and the Brazilian National registry of TB cases.

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Mitigating the high costs of soybean breeding programs requires constant improvement of all the involved processes. Identifying representative and discriminating test locations, as well as excluding redundant and/or non-representative locations, makes it possible to select genotypes with more accuracy while reducing the costs of the multi-environment trials (MET). Therefore, this study had three objectives: to evaluate the representativeness and discriminating power of test locations; to identify similar test locations for each Edaphoclimatic Region (ECR) and locations that did not contribute to genotype evaluation; and to recommend the best locations for evaluating MET in order to reduce breeding program costs in the soybean macro regions 1 (M1) and 2 (M2). Grain yield (GY) data from Value-for-Cultivation-and-Use (VCU) trials obtained during the 2012-2016 crop seasons were used, totaling 132 environments (location x year) and 43 genotypes. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Representative and discriminant locations were identified by GGL (genotype main effects plus genotype × location interaction) + GGE (genotype main effects plus genotype × environment interaction) analysis, using GGEbiplot software. Representative and discriminant locations were identified for each ECR and can be used as core locations for breeding programs. Similarly, locations that were not representative and discriminant, or that present redundancy in the results, should be excluded from or replaced in MET. The most recommended locations for conducting VCU trials in M1 were Cachoeira do Sul (ECR 101); Ronda Alta, Passo Fundo, Santa Bárbara do Sul, and Ciríaco (ECR 102); and Castro (ECR 103). For M2, the most suitable locations are Rolândia, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Campo Mourão, Santa Terezinha de Itaipu, Palotina, Floresta, and Londrina (ECR 201); Naviraí (ECR 202); and Ponta Porã and Maracajú (ECR 204).(AU)

A redução dos elevados custos dos programas de melhoramento de soja requer melhoria constante detodos os processos envolvidos. A identificação de locais de teste representativos e discriminativos, bemcomo a exclusão de locais redundantes e/ou não representativos, possibilita a seleção de genótipos commaior precisão, e ao mesmo tempo reduz os custos dos ensaios multiambientes (MET). Portanto, esteestudo teve três objetivos: avaliar a representatividade e a discriminância dos locais de teste; identificarlocais de teste semelhantes e que não contribuíram para a avaliação genotípica dentro de cada RegiãoEdafoclimática (ECR); e recomendar os melhores locais para a avaliação de MET, a fim de reduzir oscustos do programa de melhoramento genético nas macrorregiões 1 (M1) e 2 (M2) de adaptação da soja.Dados de rendimento de grãos (RG) de ensaios de “Valor de Cultivo e Uso” (VCU) obtidos duranteos anos agrícolas 2012-2016 foram utilizados, totalizando 132 ambientes (local x ano) e 43 genótipos.Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos completamente casualizados, comtrês repetições. Locais representativos e discriminantes foram identificados pela análise GGL (efeitoprincipal de genótipo + interação genótipo × local) + GGE (efeito principal de genótipo + interaçãogenótipo × ambiente), utilizando o software GGEbiplot. Locais representativos e discriminantes foramidentificados para cada ECR, e podem ser utilizados como locais-chave em programas de melhoramento.Da mesma forma, locais que não foram representativos e discriminantes, ou que apresentam redundânciaforam identificados e devem ser excluídos ou substituídos no MET. Os locais recomendados para acondução de ensaios de VCU na M1 são: Cachoeira do Sul (ECR 101); Ronda Alta, Passo Fundo, SantaBárbara do Sul e Ciríaco (ECR 102); e Castro (ECR 103). Já para M2, os locais recomendados são:Rolândia, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Campo Mourão...(AU)

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Mitigating the high costs of soybean breeding programs requires constant improvement of all the involved processes. Identifying representative and discriminating test locations, as well as excluding redundant and/or non-representative locations, makes it possible to select genotypes with more accuracy while reducing the costs of the multi-environment trials (MET). Therefore, this study had three objectives: to evaluate the representativeness and discriminating power of test locations; to identify similar test locations for each Edaphoclimatic Region (ECR) and locations that did not contribute to genotype evaluation; and to recommend the best locations for evaluating MET in order to reduce breeding program costs in the soybean macro regions 1 (M1) and 2 (M2). Grain yield (GY) data from Value-for-Cultivation-and-Use (VCU) trials obtained during the 2012-2016 crop seasons were used, totaling 132 environments (location x year) and 43 genotypes. The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Representative and discriminant locations were identified by GGL (genotype main effects plus genotype × location interaction) + GGE (genotype main effects plus genotype × environment interaction) analysis, using GGEbiplot software. Representative and discriminant locations were identified for each ECR and can be used as core locations for breeding programs. Similarly, locations that were not representative and discriminant, or that present redundancy in the results, should be excluded from or replaced in MET. The most recommended locations for conducting VCU trials in M1 were Cachoeira do Sul (ECR 101); Ronda Alta, Passo Fundo, Santa Bárbara do Sul, and Ciríaco (ECR 102); and Castro (ECR 103). For M2, the most suitable locations are Rolândia, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Campo Mourão, Santa Terezinha de Itaipu, Palotina, Floresta, and Londrina (ECR 201); Naviraí (ECR 202); and Ponta Porã and Maracajú (ECR 204).

A redução dos elevados custos dos programas de melhoramento de soja requer melhoria constante detodos os processos envolvidos. A identificação de locais de teste representativos e discriminativos, bemcomo a exclusão de locais redundantes e/ou não representativos, possibilita a seleção de genótipos commaior precisão, e ao mesmo tempo reduz os custos dos ensaios multiambientes (MET). Portanto, esteestudo teve três objetivos: avaliar a representatividade e a discriminância dos locais de teste; identificarlocais de teste semelhantes e que não contribuíram para a avaliação genotípica dentro de cada RegiãoEdafoclimática (ECR); e recomendar os melhores locais para a avaliação de MET, a fim de reduzir oscustos do programa de melhoramento genético nas macrorregiões 1 (M1) e 2 (M2) de adaptação da soja.Dados de rendimento de grãos (RG) de ensaios de “Valor de Cultivo e Uso” (VCU) obtidos duranteos anos agrícolas 2012-2016 foram utilizados, totalizando 132 ambientes (local x ano) e 43 genótipos.Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos completamente casualizados, comtrês repetições. Locais representativos e discriminantes foram identificados pela análise GGL (efeitoprincipal de genótipo + interação genótipo × local) + GGE (efeito principal de genótipo + interaçãogenótipo × ambiente), utilizando o software GGEbiplot. Locais representativos e discriminantes foramidentificados para cada ECR, e podem ser utilizados como locais-chave em programas de melhoramento.Da mesma forma, locais que não foram representativos e discriminantes, ou que apresentam redundânciaforam identificados e devem ser excluídos ou substituídos no MET. Os locais recomendados para acondução de ensaios de VCU na M1 são: Cachoeira do Sul (ECR 101); Ronda Alta, Passo Fundo, SantaBárbara do Sul e Ciríaco (ECR 102); e Castro (ECR 103). Já para M2, os locais recomendados são:Rolândia, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Campo Mourão...

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BACKGROUND: Germplasm banks maintain collections representing the most comprehensive catalogue of native genetic diversity available for crop improvement. Users of germplasm banks are interested in a fixed number of samples representing as broadly as possible the diversity present in the wider collection. A relevant question is whether it is necessary to develop completely independent germplasm samples or it is possible to select nested sets from a pre-defined core set panel not from the whole collection. We used data from 15,384, maize landraces stored in the CIMMYT germplasm bank to study the impact on 8 diversity criteria and the sample representativeness of: (1) two core selection strategies, a statistical sampling (DM), or a numerical maximization method (CH); (2) selecting samples of varying sizes; and (3) selecting samples of different sizes independently of each other or in a nested manner. RESULTS: Sample sizes greater than 10% of the whole population size retained more than 75% of the polymorphic markers for all selection strategies and types of sample; lower sample sizes showed more variability (instability) among repetitions; the strongest effect of sample size was observed on the CH-independent combination. Independent and nested samples showed similar performance for all the criteria for the DM method, but there were differences between them for the CH method. The DM method achieved better approximations to the known values in the population than the CH method; 2-d multidimensional scaling plots of the collection and samples highlighted tendency of sample selection towards the extremes of diversity in the CH method, compared with sampling more representative of the overall genotypic distribution of diversity under the DM method. CONCLUSIONS: The use of core subsets of size greater than or equal to 10% of the whole collection satisfied well the requirement of representativeness and diversity. Nested samples showed similar diversity and representativeness characteristics as independent samples offering a cost effective method of sample definition for germplasm banks. For most criteria assessed the DM method achieved better approximations to the known values in the whole population than the CH method, that is, it generated more statistically representative samples from collections.

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O objetivo do texto foi desenvolver uma reflexão teórica sobre a crise de representatividade na atualidade, contextualizada a partir do retrato de dois movimentos recentes: a greve dos garis em 2014 e dos caminhoneiros em 2018. Com esses dois exemplos, é possível analisar a crise da representatividade em dois tempos: no cenário imediatamente após as manifestações de junho, quando a mencionada crise emerge com toda força. Em seguida, no processo que envolveu o impeachment de Dilma em que notamos contornos específicos de polarização social. Nos dois casos analisados, é possível observar o descolamento da base em relação às lideranças sindicais como um dos sintomas da mencionada crise. Mas, entre gritos de "não vai ter copa " (no caso dos garis) e de "intervenção militar já " (que se fez presente na greve dos caminhoneiros), temos um cenário de crise de representatividade com elementos de polarização social.

The purpose of the text was to develop a theoretical reflection about the crisis of representativeness crisis in the present, contextualized from the portrait of two recent movements: the garbageman' strike in 2014 and the truckers ' strike in 2018. With these two examples, it is possible to analyze the crisis of representativeness in two times: in the scenario immediately after the manifestations of June, when the mentioned crisis emerges with full force. Then, in the process that involved Dilma's impeachment now on we noted specific contours of social polarization. In the two cases analyzed, it is possible to observe the detachment of the base from the union leadership as one of the symptoms of the crisis of representativeness. However, between screams of "there will not be cup " (in the case of the garbageman) and "military intervention already" (which was present in the truckers' strike), we have a crisis of representativeness scenario with elements of social polarization.

El objetivo de este texto fue desarrollar una reflexión teórica sobre la crisis de representatividad en la actualidad, contextualizada a partir del retrato de dos movimientos recientes: la huelga de los barrenderos en 2014 y de los camioneros en 2018. Con estos dos ejemplos, es posible analizar la crisis de la representatividad en dos tiempos: en el escenario inmediatamente después de las manifestaciones de junio, cuando la mencionada crisis emerge con toda fuerza. A continuación, en el proceso que involucró el impeachment de Dilma adelante notamos contornos específicos de la polarización social. En los dos casos analizados, es posible observar el desprendimiento de la base en relación a los liderazgos sindicales como uno de los síntomas de la mencionada crisis. Pero, entre gritos de "no va a tener copa" (en el caso de los barrenderos) y de "intervención militar ya" (que se hizo presente en la huelga de los camioneros), tenemos un escenario de crisis de representatividad con elementos de polarización social.

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Interpersonal coordination in soccer has become a trending topic in sports sciences, and several studies have examined how interpersonal coordination unfolds at different levels (i.e., dyads, sub-groups, teams). Investigations have largely focused on interactional behaviors at micro and macro levels through tasks from dyadic (i.e., 1 vs. 1) to team (i.e., 11 vs. 11) levels. However, as the degree of representativeness of a task depends on the magnitude of the relationship between simulated and intended environments, it is necessary to address a discussion on the correspondence between competitive and practice/experimental settings in soccer. The aims of this paper are to: (i) provide a brief description of the main concepts underlying the subject of interpersonal coordination in sports teams; (ii) demonstrate, through exemplar research findings, how interpersonal coordination in soccer unfolds at different scales; and (iii), discuss how coaches and researchers may ensure representativeness for practice and experimental tasks. We observed that papers addressing the analysis of interpersonal coordination tendencies in soccer often resort to dyadic (one vs. one) or sub-group (many vs. many) experimental tasks, instead of full-sized (11 vs. 11) games. Consequently, the extent to which such patterns reflect those observed in competition is somewhat uncertain. The design of practice and/or experimental tasks that rely on sub-phases of the game (e.g., 1 vs. 1, 4 vs. 4) should ensure the preservation of players' behavior patterns in intended match conditions (11 vs. 11). This can be accomplished by measuring the level of action fidelity of the task, ensuring correspondence and successful transfer across contexts.

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Este artigo objetiva explicitar que o imaginário do jovem homossexual com relação ao envelhecimento é o retrato de um tempo, ao avaliar-se a representatividade do homem gay idoso na sociedade. Trata-se de um estudo de paradigma qualitativo do tipo descritivo-interpretativo, realizado por meio de seis entrevistas semi-estruturadas com indivíduos que se identificam como homens homossexuais. Como considerações finais, pode-se afirmar que a dificuldade dos homens gays jovens em se imaginarem velhos está fortemente relacionada com a baixa representatividade do homem gay idoso.

The homosexual young imaginary regarding aging is a portrait of a time and assessing a representativeness of the elderly gay man in society. Qualitative paradigm study of the descriptive-interpretative type, performed through six semi-structured interviews with information that identifies as homosexual men. The difficulty of young gay men in imagining themselves old is strongly related to the low representativeness.

El imaginario del joven homosexual con respecto al envejecimiento es el retrato de un tiempo, al evaluar la representatividad del hombre gay anciano en la sociedad. Como método, el estudio de paradigma cualitativo del tipo descriptivo-interpretativo, realizado por medio de seis entrevistas semiestructuradas con individuos que se identifican como hombres homosexuales. Como consideraciones finales, se puede afirmar que la dificultad de los hombres gays jóvenes en imaginarse viejos está fuertemente relacionada con la baja representatividad.

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BACKGROUND: Protected areas, regarded today as a cornerstone of nature conservation, result from an array of multiple motivations and opportunities. We explored at global and regional levels the current distribution of protected areas along biophysical, human, and biological gradients, and assessed to what extent protection has pursued (i) a balanced representation of biophysical environments, (ii) a set of preferred conditions (biological, spiritual, economic, or geopolitical), or (iii) existing opportunities for conservation regardless of any representation or preference criteria. METHODS: We used histograms to describe the distribution of terrestrial protected areas along biophysical, human, and biological independent gradients and linear and non-linear regression and correlation analyses to describe the sign, shape, and strength of the relationships. We used a random forest analysis to rank the importance of different variables related to conservation preferences and opportunity drivers, and an evenness metric to quantify representativeness. RESULTS: We find that protection at a global level is primarily driven by the opportunities provided by isolation and a low population density (variable importance = 34.6 and 19.9, respectively). Preferences play a secondary role, with a bias towards tourism attractiveness and proximity to international borders (variable importance = 12.7 and 3.4, respectively). Opportunities shape protection strongly in "North America & Australia-NZ" and "Latin America & Caribbean," while the importance of the representativeness of biophysical environments is higher in "Sub-Saharan Africa" (1.3 times the average of other regions). DISCUSSION: Environmental representativeness and biodiversity protection are top priorities in land conservation agendas. However, our results suggest that they have been minor players driving current protection at both global and regional levels. Attempts to increase their relevance will necessarily have to recognize the predominant opportunistic nature that the establishment of protected areas has had until present times.

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Este artigo foi desenvolvido a partir da análise referente à situação de vulnerabilidade a qual estão submetidos os povos indígenas no Brasil, especialmente em razão da estagnação do processo demarcatório de suas terras históricamente ocupadas e dos obstáculos à manutenção e reprodução de suas culturas, considerando as consequências que decorrem das constantes investidas aculturativas que sofrem. Diante disso, a pesquisa teve como escopo averiguar a (sub)representatividade dos povos originários, para então propiciar a compreensão adequada da função social das vagas no ensino superior destinadas aos indígenas, por intermédio de uma relação estabelecida entre as condições para o exercício da cidadania, possibilitadas por políticas públicas educacionais, e a representatividade na sociedade civil e na esfera política. O aporte metodológico empregado fundamentou-se na utilização do método de abordagem dedutivo, do método de procedimento histórico e comparativo, bem como no auxílio de documentação indireta enquanto técnica de pesquisa.

The present article was developed from the analysis concerning the situation of vulnerability to which indigenous people are subjected in Brazil, especially given the stagnation of the demarcation process of their historically occupied lands and the obstacles to the maintenance and reproduction of their cultures, considering the consequences resulting from the constant acculturative invested they suffer. Therefore, the research scope was to ascertain the (sub)representation of indigenous people, and then provide a proper understanding of the social function of vacancies in higher education for the indigenous, through an established relationship between the conditions for the exercise of citizenship, made possible by educational public politics, and representation in civil society and in the political sphere. The methodological approach employed was based on the use of the deductive method, the historical and comparative methods of procedure, as well as the support of indirect documentation as a research technique.

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Este artigo foi desenvolvido a partir da análise referente à situação de vulnerabilidade a qual estão submetidos os povos indígenas no Brasil, especialmente em razão da estagnação do processo demarcatório de suas terras históricamente ocupadas e dos obstáculos à manutenção e reprodução de suas culturas, considerando as consequências que decorrem das constantes investidas aculturativas que sofrem. Diante disso, a pesquisa teve como escopo averiguar a (sub)representatividade dos povos originários, para então propiciar a compreensão adequada da função social das vagas no ensino superior destinadas aos indígenas, por intermédio de uma relação estabelecida entre as condições para o exercício da cidadania, possibilitadas por políticas públicas educacionais, e a representatividade na sociedade civil e na esfera política. O aporte metodológico empregado fundamentou-se na utilização do método de abordagem dedutivo, do método de procedimento histórico e comparativo, bem como no auxílio de documentação indireta enquanto técnica de pesquisa.(AU)

The present article was developed from the analysis concerning the situation of vulnerability to which indigenous people are subjected in Brazil, especially given the stagnation of the demarcation process of their historically occupied lands and the obstacles to the maintenance and reproduction of their cultures, considering the consequences resulting from the constant acculturative invested they suffer. Therefore, the research scope was to ascertain the (sub)representation of indigenous people, and then provide a proper understanding of the social function of vacancies in higher education for the indigenous, through an established relationship between the conditions for the exercise of citizenship, made possible by educational public politics, and representation in civil society and in the political sphere. The methodological approach employed was based on the use of the deductive method, the historical and comparative methods of procedure, as well as the support of indirect documentation as a research technique.(AU)

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Este texto se propõe a fazer uma leitura psicanalítica possível das grandes manifestações de rua que agitaram o país em 2013. Ele propõe correlacionar o funcionamento do Estado, sua forma de se organizar como aparelho representativo e seus mecanismos de manutenção do status quo, com a lógica da consciência. Já as insurgências, fazendo uso de ferramentas conceituais oferecidas por Freud, Lacan e Alain Badiou, propõe aproximá-las com a forma de funcionamento do inconsciente. No final, a partir das considerações feitas, resgata a noção de comunidade, contrapondo-a ao capitalismo.

This paper aims to make a possible psychoanalytic reading of large street protests that marked the country in 2013. It proposes to correlate the State functioning, its manner of organizing itself as a representative structure and its mechanisms of maintaining the status quo, with the logic of awareness. As for the insurgencies, using conceptual tools offered by Freud, Lacan and Alain Badiou, it proposes to approach them using the functioning of the unconscious. Finally, from the considerations made, it rescues the notion of community, in opposition to capitalism.

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Este texto se propõe a fazer uma leitura psicanalítica possível das grandes manifestações de rua que agitaram o país em 2013. Ele propõe correlacionar o funcionamento do Estado, sua forma de se organizar como aparelho representativo e seus mecanismos de manutenção do status quo, com a lógica da consciência. Já as insurgências, fazendo uso de ferramentas conceituais oferecidas por Freud, Lacan e Alain Badiou, propõe aproximá-las com a forma de funcionamento do inconsciente. No final, a partir das considerações feitas, resgata a noção de comunidade, contrapondo-a ao capitalismo.(AU)

This paper aims to make a possible psychoanalytic reading of large street protests that marked the country in 2013. It proposes to correlate the State functioning, its manner of organizing itself as a representative structure and its mechanisms of maintaining the status quo, with the logic of awareness. As for the insurgencies, using conceptual tools offered by Freud, Lacan and Alain Badiou, it proposes to approach them using the functioning of the unconscious. Finally, from the considerations made, it rescues the notion of community, in opposition to capitalism.(AU)

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The adequate selection of indicator groups of biodiversity is an important aspect of the systematic conservation planning. However, these assessments differ in the spatial scales, in the methods used and in the groups considered to accomplish this task, which generally produces contradictory results. The quantification of the spatial congruence between species richness and complementarity among different taxonomic groups is a fundamental step to identify potential indicator groups. Using a constructive approach, the main purposes of this study were to evaluate the performance and efficiency of eight potential indicator groups representing amphibian diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Data on the geographic range of amphibian species that occur in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest were overlapped to the full geographic extent of the biome, which was divided into a regular equal-area grid. Optimization routines based on the concept of complementarily were applied to verify the performance of each indicator group selected in relation to the representativeness of the amphibians in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest as a whole, which were solved by the algorithm "simulated annealing," through the use of the software MARXAN. Some indicator groups were substantially more effective than others in regard to the representation of the taxonomic groups assessed, which was confirmed by the high significance of the data (F = 312.76; P < 0.01). Leiuperidae was considered as the best indicator group among the families analyzed, as it showed a good performance, representing 71% of amphibian species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (i.e., 290 species), which may be associated with the diffuse geographic distribution of their species. In this sense, this study promotes understanding of how the diversity standards of amphibians can be informative for systematic conservation planning on a regional scale.

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Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o perfil dos conselheiros de quatro conselhos setoriais do Município de Santo André com a finalidade de compreender de que forma fatores como idade, escolaridade, gênero, entre outros, podem influenciar positiva ou negativamente na representividade destes Conselhos. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas e feita análise de documentos internos e atas das reuniões dos conselhos. Os resultados demonstram que, embora existam diferenças no que se refere à escolaridade dos representantes da sociedade civil e do poder público que poderiam refletir uma correlação de forças desigual dentro dos conselhos, os representantes da sociedade civil possuem forte liderança, o que facilita o retorno das informações à sociedade e vice-versa. Conclui-se que, para que os conselhos locais tornem-se um canal de participação mais equilibrado, é preciso investir na capacitação dos conselheiros e em mecanismos de incentivo à participação de jovens.

This article aims to present a profile of councilors that take part in four sector councils of the municipality of Santo André, in order to understand how factors such as age, education and gender, among others, can positively or negatively influence the council's representativeness. For this, we conducted interviews and analyzed internal documents and records of meetings when available. Results show that, although there are educational differences among representatives of civil society and public authorities which could reflect an unequal correlation of forces within the councils, representatives of civil society have strong leadership, which facilitates the exchange of information with society.. Then, we conclude that, in order to become a more balanced participation channel, it is necessary to ensure effective training and representativeness; it is necessary also tostimulate the participation of youth.

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Recorrendo ao conceito deleuziano de intercessor, o artigo visa a por em cena certa prática da História Oral como dispositivo epistemológico-narrativo de invenção. Os problemas que assediam os oralistas se prendem, hoje, menos a demonstrações de que as fontes orais devam gozar do prestígio associado a procedimentos científicos do que a uma singularização da História Oral enquanto crítica em ato aos cânones hierarquizantes no campo da pesquisa social - âmbito em que as contribuições de Alessandro Portelli se mostram decisivas. O livro Changer de société. Refaire de la sociologie, de Bruno Latour, permite fabricar uma intercessão adicional, pois a análise latouriana potencializa as proposições de Portelli quanto à forma de representatividade imanente à História Oral e ao valor diferencial da relação entrevistador-entrevistado no que tange à reflexividade

This paper, appealing to the concept of intercessor, aims to construct an Oral History as epistemological-narrative device of invention. Today the oralists don’t need to demonstrate the cientificity of Oral History; they need to use Oral History as a critic of hierarchical forms of classifying knowledges, and the contributions of Alessandro Portelli are decisive in that scope. In addition, the Bruno Latour’s book Changer de société. Refaire de la sociologie allows to create a new interception which potencializes Portelli’s contributions in order to rethink representativeness and reflectivity in social research

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