RESUMO
Resumen: En el año 2012 se realizaron alrededor de 77,818 trasplantes según estimaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El trasplante renal es la mejor terapia de reemplazo en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica, ya que mejora la calidad de vida y la posibilidad de supervivencia. El dolor postoperatorio en el trasplante renal es generalmente de leve a moderado y es de especial consideración debido a la existencia de diversas comorbilidades y la variabilidad en las respuestas que puede presentar el injerto. El manejo efectivo del dolor postoperatorio contribuye a un resultado exitoso después del trasplante renal (visita http://www.painoutmexico.com para obtener la versión completa del artículo y el diagrama de recomendaciones).
Abstract: In 2012, 77,818 kidney transplants were performed in the world according to the World Health Organization. Kidney transplantation is the best replacement therapy in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease as it improves the quality of life and survival possibilities. Postoperative pain is usually from mild to moderate after a kidney transplantation and it's of special consideration because of underlying comorbidities and variable graft responses. Effective postoperative pain management contributes to a successful outcome after kidney transplantation (visit http://www.painoutmexico.com to see the full article and recommendations).
RESUMO
Yeasts of the genus Candida have high genetic variability and are the most common opportunistic pathogenic fungi in humans. In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity among 120 isolates of Candida spp. obtained from diabetic patients, kidney transplant recipients and patients without any immune deficiencies from Paraná state, Brazil. The analysis was performed using the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and a partial sequence of 28S rDNA. In the phylogenetic analysis, we observed a consistent separation of the species C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. metapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis, however with low intraspecific variability. In the analysis of the C. albicans species, two clades were formed. Clade A included the largest number of isolates (91.2%) and the majority of isolates from GenBank (71.4%). The phylogenetic analysis showed low intraspecific genetic diversity, and the genetic polymorphisms between C. albicans isolates were similar to genetic divergence found in other studies performed with isolates from Brazil. This low genetic diversity of isolates can be explained by the geographic proximity of the patients evaluated. It was observed that yeast colonisation was highest in renal transplant recipients and diabetic patients and that C. albicans was the species most frequently isolated.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Candida/genética , Candidíase Invasiva/genética , Diabetes Mellitus/microbiologia , Variação Genética , Transplante de Rim , Brasil/epidemiologia , Candida/classificação , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase Invasiva/classificação , Candidíase Invasiva/epidemiologia , Candidíase Invasiva/microbiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Complicações do Diabetes , DNA Fúngico/análise , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
The scenario of a renal transplant recipient who is diagnosed with HIV infection in the late post transplant period is very uncommon. The viral infection effect on immunologic stability, regulatory cells, and allogeneic response during immune quiescence and graft acceptance provides a fertile ground in organ transplantation research and translational immunology.