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Introduction: This econometric analysis investigates the nexus between household factors and domestic violence. By considering diverse variables encompassing mood, depression, health consciousness, social media engagement, household chores, density, and religious affiliation, the study aims to comprehend the underlying dynamics influencing domestic violence. Methods: Employing econometric techniques, this study examined a range of household-related variables for their potential associations with levels of violence within households. Data on mood, depression, health consciousness, social media usage, household chores, density, and religious affiliation were collected and subjected to rigorous statistical analysis. Results: The findings of this study unveil notable relationships between the aforementioned variables and levels of violence within households. Positive mood emerges as a mitigating factor, displaying a negative correlation with violence. Conversely, depression positively correlates with violence, indicating an elevated propensity for conflict. Increased health consciousness is linked with diminished violence, while engagement with social media demonstrates a moderating influence. Reduction in the time allocated to household chores corresponds with lower violence levels. Household density, however, exhibits a positive association with violence. The effects of religious affiliation on violence manifest diversely, contingent upon household position and gender. Discussion: The outcomes of this research offer critical insights for policymakers and practitioners working on formulating strategies for preventing and intervening in instances of domestic violence. The findings emphasize the importance of considering various household factors when designing effective interventions. Strategies to bolster positive mood, alleviate depression, encourage health consciousness, and regulate social media use could potentially contribute to reducing domestic violence. Additionally, the nuanced role of religious affiliation underscores the need for tailored approaches based on household dynamics, positioning, and gender.

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BACKGROUND: Identifying lifestyle-related health predictors affecting adolescent behaviors is a matter of interest and study for diverse audiences, including the religious sphere. The Adventist religion recommends their followers to adopt a healthy diet, adequate rest, physical activity, sufficient water intake, and non-use of addictive substances such as alcohol, tobacco, and drugs, as well as fostering faith and hope to give meaning to life. METHODS: A cross-sectional and observational study was conducted among adolescent students aged 13 to 19 years old in Montemorelos City, Nuevo León, Northern Mexico, between September 14, 2017 and February 13, 2018. This study included 363 Mexican adolescents, consisting of 202 Adventists and 161 non-Adventists. The binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationships between religious affiliation and life-style behaviors and evaluate the effect of life-style behaviors on health outcomes by religious affiliation. Age, gender, type of residence, and place of birth were controlled. RESULTS: We found that Adventist adolescents were more likely to be watching TV for 2 h or less per day (p < 0.001), have enough sleeping time for 7 h or more (p < 0.001), go to bed early at 11 o'clock or before (p < 0.001), and have breakfast (p = 0.006) than non-Adventist adolescents significantly. It indicates that Adventist students are more likely to have healthier life-style behaviors than non-Adventist students. The multiple binomial regression models showed that in the group of Adventist adolescents sporting activity and hours watching TV were significantly associated with obesity risk (p = 0.001) and risky eating patterns (p = 0.044), respectively, controlling for age, gender, type of residence, and place of birth. No relationship was found between life-style behaviors and health outcomes in non-Adventist adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Religious affiliation could serve as a predictor of healthy behaviors among adolescents. This study concluded that Adventist adolescents are more likely to have a healthier lifestyle behavior than non-Adventist adolescents and various health-related behaviors were specifically identified among Adventist participants.

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ANTECEDENTES: La evidencia muestra que uno de los factores fuertemente asociado con la postergación de la actividad sexual, es la afiliación o membrecía a religiones judeo-cristianas, con códigos estrictos de conductas. OBJETIVO: analizar la asociación entre religiosidad y comportamientos sexuales en adolescentes. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal analítico en una población adolescente. Se compararon adolescentes católicas, evangélicas y sin religión. Se analizó la asociación entre afiliación y asistencia a servicios religiosos y edad de inicio de la actividad sexual, uso de condón y número de parejas sexuales. RESULTADOS: Se entrevistaron 5.231 adolescentes (mediana de edad 16 años, 91,6% mujeres, 97,3% estudiantes). Las adolescentes que se declaran evangélicas, dejan de asistir a los servicios religiosos en mayor proporción que las adolescentes católicas al iniciar actividad sexual. La afiliación religiosa, sea católica o evangélica, retarda el inicio de la actividad sexual y disminuye el riesgo de tener más de una pareja sexual, comparadas con aquellas sin religión. Pero la afiliación religiosa, sea católica o evangélica, aumenta la posibilidad del no uso de condón, en comparación con aquellas sin religión. CONCLUSIÓN: La afiliación religiosa influye en los comportamientos sexuales en adolescentes, disminuyendo el riesgo en el inicio sexual y en el número de parejas sexuales, aumenta la posibilidad del no uso de condón pero no influye en el uso de anticonceptivos orales.

BACKGROUND: Evidence shows that one of the factors associated with the postponement of sexual activity is membership or affiliation to Judeo-Christian religions, with strict codes of behavior. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between religiosity and sexual behaviors in adolescents. METHOD: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in a population of adolescents. Were compared catholic, evangelical and without religion. Association between affiliation and assistance religious services and age sexual initiation, condom use and number of sexual partners were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 5.231 adolescents (median age 16 years, 91.6% female, 97.3% students,), were interviewed. Adolescents who declare to be evangelicals cease to attend religious services in greater proportion than Catholic adolescents when initiating sexual activity. Religious affiliation, whether Catholic or evangelical, delay the onset of sexual activity and decreases the risk of having more than one sexual partner, compared with those without religion, but religious affiliation, whether Catholic or evangelical, increases the risk of non-use of condoms, compared to those without religion. CONCLUSION: Religious affiliation influences sexual behaviors in adolescents, decreasing the risk in the age of sexual debut and in the number of sexual partners but increasing the risk in the non-use of the condom but does not influence the pill use.

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Resumen: El fundamentalismo religioso es clave para entender situaciones de discriminación y violencia que se viven alrededor del mundo, conocer qué es lo que se encuentra detrás de esta característica psicosocial de las personas, puede ayudar a entender y prevenir este tipo de comportamientos nocivos. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el papel que desempeñan las variables de orientación religiosa, identidad grupal y religiosidad como predictores del fundamentalismo religioso. La muestra estuvo integrada por 533 personas residentes del Distrito Federal y del estado de Guanajuato, pertenecientes a alguna de las cuatro principales ideologías religiosas presentes en México, Católicos (160), Testigos de Jehová (142), Cristianos Evangélicos (115) y no religiosos (116), 50.3% de los cuales fueron mujeres. Los resultados, obtenidos mediante el análisis de regresión, revelan que los tres tipos de orientación religiosa: Orientación Religiosa Intrínseca (ORI), Orientación Religiosa Extrínseca Social (ORES) y Orientación Religiosa Extrínseca Individual (OREI), así como la Identidad Grupal Negativa (IGN) y la Religiosidad son buenos predictores de los componentes del fundamentalismo religioso.

Abstract: Religious fundamentalism is key to understanding existing discrimination and violence worldwide. Knowing what is behind this psychosocial characteristic can help understand and prevent this type of harmful behavior. The aim of this study was to determine how religious orientation (RO), group identity (Gl), and religiosity predict religious fundamentalism. The sample consisted of 533 residents of México City and the state of Guanajuato (50.3% women; Mean age = 36), that belonged to one of four major Mexican religious ideologies: Catholic (n = 160), Jehova's Witnesses (n = 142), Evangelical Christian (n = 115) and non-religious (n = 116). Four psychological scales were used: 1) Fundamentalism Scale, which consists of two subscales: Orthodoxy and Conservatism; 2) the Religious Orientation Scale, which consists of three subscales: Intrinsic Religious Orientation (IRO), Extrinsic Personal (EPRO), and Extrinsic Social (ORES); 3) Group Identity Scale, which consists of twosubscales: Positive Group Identity (PGI) and Negative Group Identity (NGI); and 4) Religiosity Scale. The regression results revealed that IRO, Religiosity, NGI and ORES were positively related to Orthodoxy. ORI, IGN and Religiosity were positively related to Conservatism. EPRO was negatively related to Conservatism. The results indícate that Religious Orientation, Religiosity, and Group Identity are strong significant predictors of religious fundamentalism.

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There has been a remarkable decline in the number of Catholics in Brazil over the last few decades, a fact that is attributed to the growth of Pentecostal churches and to an increase in the number of people with no religious affiliation. We analyzed the age, period, and cohort effects associated with religious affiliation in Brazil from 1980 to 2010, applying the Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohort and Cross-Classified Random Effects Model. We observed that age effects were significant but low for Catholics and Pentecostals, and were substantial for those with no religious affiliation, with a negative relationship. For these first two religious affiliations, period effects were of greater magnitude with clear trends: negative for Catholics and positive for Pentecostals. Cohort effects were significant for all three affiliations, but magnitudes were lower than the other two effects. We also verified that the likelihood of being a Pentecostal decreased with formal education, and the opposite occurred for persons with no religious affiliation. These effects, however, were smaller for younger cohorts, possibly due to the reduced social selectivity of recent students pursuing higher education and the increase in overall levels of education...

Houve uma marcante redução no número relativo de católicos no Brasil nas últimas décadas, fato que é associado, principalmente, ao crescimento das igrejas pentecostais e neopentecostais, bem como ao aumento no número de pessoas sem filiação religiosa. Foram analisados os efeitos de idade, período e coorte associados à filiação religiosa no Brasil entre 1980 e 2010, com o uso do modelo idade-período-coorte hierárquico e modelos de efeitos randômicos com classificação-cruzada. Observaram-se efeitos de idade significativos, mas de pequena magnitude para católicos e pentecostais, e efeitos substanciais para aqueles sem filiação religiosa, sendo essa com uma relação negativa. Para as duas primeiras afiliações, os efeitos de período eram de maior magnitude e com tendências claras: negativa para católicos e positiva para pentecostais. Os efeitos de coorte foram significativos para as três afiliações, mas as magnitudes foram menores do que para dos dois outros efeitos. Também verificou-se que a propensão em ser pentecostal diminui com o nível de educação, sendo que o contrário ocorre para pessoas sem religião. Entretanto, esses efeitos são menos marcantes para coortes mais jovens, possivelmente por causa da natureza menos seletiva da educação superior atualmente no Brasil e do aumento generalizado dos níveis de educação...

Ha ocurrido una notable reducción en el número de católicos en Brasil en las últimas décadas, un hecho que se atribuye al crecimiento de las iglesias pentecostales y un aumento del número de personas sin afiliación religiosa. Analizamos los efectos de edad, período y cohortes asociadas a las afiliaciones religiosas en Brasil desde 1980 hasta 2010, aplicando modelos Jerárquico de Edad-Período-Cohorte y de Efecto Aleatorio de Clasificación Cruzada. Observamos que los efectos de edad fueron significativos pero de baja magnitud para católicos y pentecostales, mientras fueron sustanciales para aquellos sin afiliación religiosa, con una relación negativa. Para las dos primeras afiliaciones religiosas, los efectos de período fueron de mayor magnitud y presentaron tendencias claras: negativas para los católicos y positivas para los pentecostales. Los efectos de cohorte fueron significativos para todas las tres afiliaciones, pero las magnitudes fueron menores que los otros dos efectos. También verificamos que la propensión a ser pentecostal se reduce con la educación formal, y lo opuesto ocurrió con las personas sin afiliación religiosa. Sin embargo, tales efectos fueron menores para cohortes más jóvenes, posiblemente debido a la reducción de la selectividad social de estudiantes recientes en búsqueda de una educación más alta y al aumento general en todos los niveles de educación...

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