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PURPOSE: To identify barriers and facilitators to accessing post-stroke rehabilitation services six months after discharge from the stroke unit of a Brazilian public hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional and descriptive study collected sociodemographic and clinical-functional data during hospitalization. Then, barriers and facilitators for accessing the post-stroke rehabilitation services were collected six months after discharge. We considered economic conditions and displacement, the quality and organization of post-stroke rehabilitation services, and personal conditions. RESULTS: A total of 174 patients were included. Among the 20 aspects analyzed, 17 (85.0%) were reported as facilitators, while three (15.0%) were as barriers. The identified barriers included financial income available for healthcare (49.4%), waiting time to schedule or to be seen (47.0%), and process to scheduling (45.4%). The main facilitators (> 79.0%) were the expectation of the patient with the treatment and assistance from family and friends. Moreover, most patients indicated as facilitators all aspects related to the quality of post-stroke rehabilitation services. CONCLUSION: Access to post-stroke rehabilitation services presented more facilitators than barriers. Public policies to subsidize health costs, optimize waiting time, and process for scheduling post-stroke rehabilitation services should be considered to reduce barriers. Likewise, human and financial resources must promote the facilitators.

Public policies to subsidize health costs, optimize waiting times and scheduling in post-stroke rehabilitation services should be considered to facilitate access to rehabilitation services for post-stroke patients.The involvement of family and friends in the treatment of post-stroke patients should be encouraged.Patients' motivation and positive expectations can facilitate access to post-stroke rehabilitation services.

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Objetivo: Identificar criterios de derivación y barreras percibidas por los optómetras para la rehabilitación de personas con baja visión en Santander. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal que incluyó 82 optómetras de municipios de Santander, seleccionados mediante muestreo intencionado. Se diseñó un cuestionario con 36 preguntas para recolectar los datos que son reportados empleando estadística descriptiva. Resultados: El 47,5 % de los profesionales tiene claro el nivel de agudeza visual para clasificar a una persona con baja visión. Las principales barreras identificadas para el acceso a servicios de baja visión fueron: el proceso de derivación dentro del sistema de salud es engorroso (74,39 %), falta de servicios cerca (57,31 %) y considerar que los pacientes no pueden pagar las ayudas (48,78 %). Discusión: Es necesario fortalecer la formación de los optómetras para mejorar los procesos de identificación, atención y rehabilitación. Conclusiones: Es importante ubicar como prioritaria la discapacidad visual en Santander, para así robustecer la red de atención en salud.

Objective: To identify referral criteria and barriers perceived by optometrists for the rehabilitation of people with low vision in Santander. Methods: Cross-sectional study, which included 82 optometrists from municipalities of Santander, selected by purposive sampling. A questionnaire with 36 questions was designed to collect data that are reported using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 47.5% of the professionals are clear about the level of visual acuity to classify a person with low vision. The main barriers identified for access to low vision services were: the referral process within the health system is cumbersome (74.39%), lack of services nearby (57.31%) and considering that patients cannot afford the aids (48.78%). Discussion: It is necessary to strengthen the training of optometrists to improve the processes of identification, care and rehabilitation. Conclusions: It is important to prioritize visual impairment in Santander in order to strengthen the health care network.

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Objetivo : Describir el diagnóstico situacional de un grupo de Unidades Productoras de Servicios de Medicina de Rehabilitación (UPS-MR) del Perú evaluadas en el 2019 y 2020. Material y métodos : Estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo del análisis secundario de datos de la evaluación que realizó la Dirección Ejecutiva de Investigación y Docencia en Prevención de Riesgos y Promoción de la Salud del Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Dra. Adriana Rebaza Flores" AMISTAD PERÚ - JAPÓN a UPS-MR durante los años 2019 y 2020. Las variables fueron: logro en el equipamiento, infraestructura, documentos/herramientas de gestión y manuales y guías de práctica clínica, funciones, recursos humanos, procedimientos y logro total. Cada logro tenía como puntaje mínimo 0% y como puntaje máximo 100%. Además, se realizó un análisis secundario para comparar el logro de las UPS-MR según nivel de categorización y región. Resultados: Catorce UPS-MR fueron incluidas en la investigación. Seis (42,9%) fueron de categoría III-1 y 6 (42,9%) eran de la región Lima. El mayor logro fue en las funciones (74,1%) y el menor logro en los recursos humanos y procedimientos (41,9% y 40,8%). Finalmente, el logro total tuvo una media de 58,3%±14,6%. Conclusiones : Las UPS-MR tienen el mayor logro en las funciones y los menores logros en recursos humanos y procedimientos. El logro total fue alrededor del 50%.

SUMMARY Objective : To describe the situational diagnostic of a group of units producing medical rehabilitation services (UPMRS) in Peru from 2019 to 2020. Methods: This a cross-sectional study that included a secondary analysis of an evaluation performed by the Dirección Ejecutiva de Investigación y Docencia en Prevención de Riesgos y Promoción de la Salud of the Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Dra. Adriana Rebaza Flores" AMISTAD PERÚ - JAPÓN a UPMRS from 2019 to 2020. Variables included in the analyses were achievement of infrastructure, equipment, documents of administration, guidelines of clinical practice, human resources and total achievement. The minimal score per achievement was 0% and the maximum was 100%. Achievements stratified by region and categorization were made. Results: Fourteen PMRS were included; six (42.9%) were category III-1 and six (42.9%) were from Lima Region. Best achievement was in functions (74.1%) and worst was in human resources and procedures (41.9% and 40.8%, respectively). Finally, total achievement had a mean score of 58.3%±14.6%. Conclusions: UPMRS had better achievements in functions and worse in human resources and procedures, total achievement was 50%.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Observou-se durante a pandemia do coronavírus no Brasil a suspensão das sessões de reabilitação de crianças com deficiência. OBJETIVO: Analisar o andamento das sessões de reabilitação durante a pandemia, bem como a forma de suporte que os pais/cuidadores receberam neste período. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo, com delineamento transversal, conduzido on-line pela plataforma Survey Monkey. Participaram pais e cuidadores de crianças com deficiência motora de zero a quatro anos de idade, que foram recrutados através das mídias sociais. A coleta de dados ocorreu por um questionário com 17 perguntas abertas e fechadas, acessível por um período de três meses durante o período de novembro de 2020 a janeiro de 2021. RESULTADOS: Todos os questionários foram lidos na íntegra e após observada saturação das respostas, 37 foram elegíveis. A suspensão das sessões nos serviços de reabilitação variou de 2 a 9 meses. Durante este período, vinte e seis famílias receberam orientações do profissional ou da instituição para estimular a criança em casa; para os demais, que não receberam orientações, a justificativa fornecida era que deviam aguardar a retomada dos atendimentos. Dezesseis famílias tiveram dificuldades para realizar as atividades/exercícios propostos pelos profissionais de saúde em ambiente domiciliar. CONCLUSÃO: Foram identificados, através das respostas dos pais, sentimentos de preocupação e ansiedade com a suspensão dos serviços de reabilitação durante a pandemia e medo com os possíveis prejuízos no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor das crianças. Além disso, os pais se sentiram desamparados pelos serviços de saúde e profissionais.

INTRODUCTION: During the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil, the suspension of rehabilitation sessions for children with disabilities was observed. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the progress of rehabilitation sessions during the pandemic, as well as the form of support that parents/caregivers received during this period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative study, with a cross-sectional design, conducted online through the Survey Monkey platform. Parents and caregivers of children with motor disabilities aged zero to four years old participated, and were recruited through social media. Data collection took place by a questionnaire with 17 open and closed questions, accessible for a period of three months during the period November 2020 to January 2021. RESULTS: All questionnaires were read in full and after observing saturation of responses, 37 were eligible. The suspension of sessions in rehabilitation services ranged from 2 to 9 months. During this period, twenty-six families received guidance from the professional or the institution to stimulate the child at home, for the others who did not receive guidance, the justification provided was to wait for the resumption of care. Sixteen families had difficulties performing the activities/exercises proposed by health professionals in the home environment. CONCLUSION: Parents' responses identified feelings of concern and anxiety about the suspension of rehabilitation services during the pandemic and fear of possible damage to children's neuropsychomotor development. In addition, parents felt helpless by health services and professionals.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Observou-se durante a pandemia do coronavírus no Brasil a suspensão das sessões de reabilitação de crianças com deficiência. OBJETIVO: Analisar o andamento das sessões de reabilitação durante a pandemia, bem como a forma de suporte que os pais/cuidadores receberam neste período. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo, com delineamento transversal, conduzido on-line pela plataforma Survey Monkey. Participaram pais e cuidadores de crianças com deficiência motora de zero a quatro anos de idade, que foram recrutados através das mídias sociais. A coleta de dados ocorreu por um questionário com 17 perguntas abertas e fechadas, acessível por um período de três meses durante o período de novembro de 2020 a janeiro de 2021. RESULTADOS: Todos os questionários foram lidos na íntegra e após observada saturação das respostas, 37 foram elegíveis. A suspensão das sessões nos serviços de reabilitação variou de 2 a 9 meses. Durante este período, vinte e seis famílias receberam orientações do profissional ou da instituição para estimular a criança em casa; para os demais, que não receberam orientações, a justificativa fornecida era que deviam aguardar a retomada dos atendimentos. Dezesseis famílias tiveram dificuldades para realizar as atividades/exercícios propostos pelos profissionais de saúde em ambiente domiciliar. CONCLUSÃO: Foram identificados, através das respostas dos pais, sentimentos de preocupação e ansiedade com a suspensão dos serviços de reabilitação durante a pandemia e medo com os possíveis prejuízos no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor das crianças. Além disso, os pais se sentiram desamparados pelos serviços de saúde e profissionais.

INTRODUCTION: During the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil, the suspension of rehabilitation sessions for children with disabilities was observed. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the progress of rehabilitation sessions during the pandemic, as well as the form of support that parents/caregivers received during this period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative study, with a cross-sectional design, conducted online through the Survey Monkey platform. Parents and caregivers of children with motor disabilities aged zero to four years old participated, and were recruited through social media. Data collection took place by a questionnaire with 17 open and closed questions, accessible for a period of three months during the period November 2020 to January 2021. RESULTS: All questionnaires were read in full and after observing saturation of responses, 37 were eligible. The suspension of sessions in rehabilitation services ranged from 2 to 9 months. During this period, twenty-six families received guidance from the professional or the institution to stimulate the child at home, for the others who did not receive guidance, the justification provided was to wait for the resumption of care. Sixteen families had difficulties performing the activities/exercises proposed by health professionals in the home environment. CONCLUSION: Parents' responses identified feelings of concern and anxiety about the suspension of rehabilitation services during the pandemic and fear of possible damage to children's neuropsychomotor development. In addition, parents felt helpless by health services and professionals.

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ABSTRACT Job satisfaction is multifactorial and is directly related to the quality of health services. The main objective of this study was to characterize the level of job satisfaction and the work context of the multidisciplinary teams in specialized rehabilitation services in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. We evaluated the professional profile of participants and sociodemographic information. The Work Context Assessment Scale (WCAS) which is divided into three dimensions and questions adapted from the satisfaction and remuneration dimensions of the Great Place to Work methodology for the Organizational Climate Survey, was used. We included 190 professionals, the mean age was 35.47±9.25 and 86.3% were women. Most participants worked in the capital (60%) and 84.7% had a monthly wage ranging from R$1,000 to R$3,000. The dimension of "work organization" was crucial. The items "pace of work," "strong demand," "performance monitoring," and "repetitive tasks" presented the worst results, but 92.7% are satisfied with their professional activities. The logistic regression analysis showed that more years since graduation and lower scores of Work conditions and Socio-professional relationships were associated with higher job satisfaction. Job satisfaction was found to be high, the dimension of work organization was crucial, and almost half of the participants have already thought about leaving their careers.

RESUMEN La satisfacción laboral es multifactorial y está directamente relacionada con la calidad de los servicios de salud. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue identificar el nivel de satisfacción y el contexto de trabajo de equipos multidisciplinarios en servicios especializados de rehabilitación en el estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Se evaluó el perfil profesional y el perfil sociodemográfico, y se aplicaron la Escala de Evaluación del Contexto de Trabajo (EACT), dividida en tres dimensiones, y preguntas adaptadas de las dimensiones de satisfacción y remuneración de la metodología de encuesta de clima organizacional, Great Place to Work. Se incluyeron a 190 profesionales, de los cuales el 86,3% eran mujeres, y la edad media fue de 35,47±9,25 años. La mayoría trabajaba en la capital (60%) y el 84,7% ganaba entre R$1.000 y R$3.000. La dimensión "organización del trabajo" fue crítica. Los ítems "ritmo de trabajo", "exigencia de resultados", "control del rendimiento" y "tareas repetitivas" obtuvieron los peores resultados, pero el 92,7% de los participantes estaban satisfechos con su actividad profesional. La regresión logística mostró que a más años de formación y puntuaciones más bajas en las dimensiones "condiciones de trabajo" y "relación socioprofesional" se asociaban a una mayor satisfacción laboral. La satisfacción laboral fue alta, la dimensión "organización del trabajo" crítica, y casi la mitad de los participantes había pensado en dejar su carrera.

RESUMO A satisfação no trabalho é multifatorial e está diretamente relacionada com a qualidade dos serviços de saúde. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi caracterizar o nível de satisfação e o contexto de trabalho de equipes multidisciplinares de serviços especializados em reabilitação no estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Foi avaliado o perfil profissional e sociodemográfico e foram aplicadas a escala de avaliação do contexto de trabalho (EACT), que é dividida em três dimensões, e questões adaptadas das dimensões de satisfação e remuneração da metodologia Great Place to Work da pesquisa de clima organizacional. Incluímos 190 profissionais, sendo 86,3% do sexo feminino, e a idade média foi de 35,47±9,25 anos. A maioria trabalhava na capital (60%) e 84,7% recebiam mensalmente de R$ 1.000,00 a R$ 3.000,00. A dimensão organização do trabalho foi considerada crítica. Os itens ritmo de trabalho, cobrança por resultados, fiscalização do desempenho e tarefas repetitivas tiveram os piores resultados, mas 92,7% dos participantes estavam satisfeitos com suas atividades profissionais. A regressão logística mostrou que mais anos de formado e menores pontuações nas dimensões condições de trabalho e relações socioprofissionais estão associados com maior satisfação no trabalho. A satisfação no trabalho foi alta, a dimensão organização do trabalho crítica, e quase metade dos participantes já pensaram em deixar sua carreira.

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El olfato desempeña una función importante en el desarrollo diario de la vida de las personas. Sus alteraciones pueden ser cualitativas (disosmias, parosmias o fantosmias) y cuantitativas (hiposmia o anosmia). Estas alteraciones pueden deberse por enfermedades rinosinusales, neurodegenerativas o infecciones respiratorias como el resfriado común, la gripe y también el SARS-CoV-2, el agente causal del COVID-19. En relación a esta etiología, su fisiopatología no es del todo clara y la anosmia es poco distinguible clínicamente del resto de las infecciones virales, con una duración variable desde ocho días hasta más de cuatro semanas, en cuyo caso se denomina síndrome pos-COVID-19 o COVID prolongado. Este cuadro se caracteriza por la presencia de síntomas que se desarrollan durante la enfermedad aguda por COVID-19,y que persisten durante más de cuatro semanas, sin explicación por un diagnóstico alternativo. El autor de este artículo realiza una revisión de la literatura médica a partir de un caso clínico con el fin de identificar y resumir la evidencia disponible sobre la terapia de rehabilitación olfatoria. (AU)

Sense of smell plays an important role in the daily development of people's lives. Its alterations can be both qualitative (dysosmias, parosmias, or phantosmias) and quantitative (hyposmia or anosmia). These alterations may be due to rhinosi-nusal diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and respiratory infections such as common cold, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2,causative agent of COVID-19. In relation to this etiology, its pathophysiology is not entirely clear, and anosmia is clinically indistinguishable from the rest of the viral infections, with a variable duration ranging from eight days to more than four weeks, in which case it would be called post COVID- 19 syndrome or prolonged COVID. This condition is characterized by the presence of symptoms that develop during acute COVID-19 illness and persist for more than four weeks without an explanation by an alternative diagnosis.The author of this article carries out a review of the medical literature based on a clinical case in order to identify and summarize the available evidence on olfactory rehabilitation therapy. (AU)

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Introducción: El equipo de rehabilitación asume un papel importante en el manejo de secuelas que pueden derivarse de la COVID-19 por el virus SARS-CoV-2. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes que han padecido la COVID-19 y relacionar las pautas terapéuticas en rehabilitación con variables de interés. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el Policlínico Universitario Santa Clara, de enero a septiembre del año 2021. En la totalidad de pacientes 322 con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19, por la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real con examen negativo al egreso. Se estudiaron las variables: edad, sexo, comorbilidades, síntomas y presencia de complicaciones en el curso de la enfermedad, síntomas post COVID-19, pautas rehabilitadoras. Se mostraron distribuciones de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. En el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de independencia basada en la distribución chi cuadrado. Se tuvo en cuenta consideraciones éticas. Resultados: Prevaleció el sexo masculino y el grupo de edad entre 18 a 59 años; la comorbilidad más frecuente fue la hipertensión arterial. En el curso de la enfermedad fue la tos el síntoma más frecuente y en la valoración post COVID-19 la debilidad muscular. Un porcentaje elevado de casos necesitó rehabilitación, ya sea domiciliaria o institucional. La necesidad de rehabilitación domiciliaria o institucional alcanzó mayor frecuencia ante la presencia de comorbilidades y complicaciones. Conclusiones: Las comorbilidades y complicaciones mostraron una relación estadísticamente significativa con las pautas terapéuticas.

Introduction: The rehabilitation team assumes an important role in the management of sequelae that may result from COVID-19 due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Objectives: To characterize patients who have suffered from COVID-19 and relate therapeutic guidelines in rehabilitation with variables of interest. Methods: A descriptive study at the Santa Clara University Polyclinic, from January to September 2021. In all patients (322) with a confirmed diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2, by the polymerase chain reaction test in time real with negative exam at discharge. The variables were studied: age, sex, comorbidities, symptoms and presence of complications in the course of the disease, post-COVID-19 symptoms, rehabilitation guidelines. Absolute and relative frequency distributions were shown. In the statistical analysis, the test of independence based on the chi-square distribution was used. Ethical considerations were taken into account. Results: The male sex and the age group between 18 to 59 years prevailed; the most frequent comorbidity was high blood pressure. During the course of the disease, cough was the most frequent symptom and in the post-COVID-19 assessment, muscle weakness. A high percentage of cases required rehabilitation, either home or institutional. The need for home or institutional rehabilitation was more frequent in the presence of comorbidities and complications. Conclusions: Comorbidities and complications showed a statistically significant relationship with therapeutic guidelines.

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Resumo Trata-se de um debate acerca dos desafios da continuidade do cuidado relativo às ações de reabilitação aos egressos hospitalares da COVID-19. O elevado número de internações hospitalares e as limitações funcionais decorrentes dessa doença geram necessidades de cuidado em serviços de reabilitação no nível secundário e na Atenção Básica. No Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), essa modalidade de cuidado historicamente foi vinculada à política da pessoa com deficiência, e apesar de haverem alguns avanços para a construção da Rede de Cuidados, ainda existem barreiras de acesso aos serviços. Isso, somado aos retrocessos que o SUS vem sofrendo, à ausência de planejamento adequado, e às dificuldades para a utilização das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação são os principais desafios para a continuidade do cuidado aos egressos da COVID-19. Neste cenário, é fundamental a indução de políticas públicas e programas de saúde a fim de aprimorar as ações em reabilitação, qualificar as práticas de cuidado e estabelecer uma rede de cuidados articulada que consiga dar conta das novas demandas. Para tanto, o fortalecimento do SUS e da Atenção Básica devem ser a aposta principal para a mitigação da pandemia e seus impactos sociais.

Abstract This is a debate about the challenges of continuity of care regarding rehabilitation for outpatients of COVID-19. The high number of hospital admissions and the functional limitations resulting from this disease generate needs for care in rehabilitation services at the secondary level and in Primary Health Care (PHC). In the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde — SUS), this type of care has historically been linked to the policy of people with disabilities, and although there have been some advances in the construction of the Care Network, barriers to access to services still exist. This, in addition to the setbacks that SUS has been suffering, the lack of adequate planning, and the difficulties in the use of Information and Communication Technologies are the main challenges for the continuity of care for outpatients of COVID-19. In this scenario, it is essential to induce public policies and health programs in order to improve the actions in rehabilitation, qualify care practices, and establish an articulated care network that can cope with the new demands. Therefore, the strengthening of SUS and PHC must be the main bet for the mitigation of the pandemic and its social impacts.

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Introducción: El trauma grave constituye una de las principales causas de muerte y discapacidad. Si bien es una enfermedad muy heterogénea en cuanto a su origen, tipos lesionales y gravedad, existe gran incertidumbre en cuanto a su pronóstico. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la crioterapia y la electroestimulación nerviosa transcutánea para la disminución del dolor y el edema en deportistas con afecciones del sistema osteomioarticular. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, de corte descriptivo y retrospectivo, de 5 548 deportistas con afecciones del sistema osteomioarticular, que acudieron al Servicio de Rehabilitación Física del Estadio José Antonio Huelga de la provincia de Sancti Spíritus, entre noviembre de 2018 y diciembre de 2019, para recibir crioterapia y electroestimulación nerviosa transcutánea para la disminución del edema y el dolor. Entre las variables estudiadas figuraron: sexo, edad, tipo de deporte que practicaban, lesiones que presentaban, recuperación y tiempo de desaparición de los síntomas. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo masculino (66,83 %), el grupo etario de 8-21 años (57,33 %), el futbol y el atletismo como deportes con mayor número de afectados (23,08 y 22,85 %, respectivamente), así como los esquinces (56,54 %) y las fracturas (20,81 %) como lesiones principales. Conclusiones: La terapia aplicada resultó efectiva y segura para disminuir el edema y el dolor en los deportistas a causa de enfermedades traumáticas del sistema osteomioarticular.

Introduction: The serious trauma constitutes one of the main causes of death and disability. Although it is a very heterogeneous disease as for its origin, types of injure and seriousness, great uncertainty exists as for its prognosis. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of cryotherapy and the nervous transcutaneous electroestimulation for the decrease of pain and edema in sportsmen with affections of the osteomyoarticular system. Methods: An observational, descriptive and retrospective study of 5548 sportsmen with affections of the osteomyoarticular system was carried out, they went to the Physical Rehabilitation Service of the José Antonio Huelga Stadium in Sancti Spíritus, between November, 2018 and December, 2019, to receive cryotherapy and nervous transcutaneous electroestimulation for the decrease of edema and pain. Among the studied variables figured: sex, age, type of sport that they practiced, injure that presented recovery and time of disappearance of symptoms. Results: There was a prevalence of the male sex (66.83 %), the 18-21 age group (57.33 %), football and athletics as sports with a higher number of affected patients (23.08 and 22.85 %, respectively), as well as sprains (56.54 %) and fractures (20.81%) as main lesions. Conclusions: The applied therapy was effective and safe to diminish the edema and pain in sportsmen due to traumatic diseaes of the osteomyoarticular system.

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RESUMEN Objetivo Caracterizar los determinantes intermedios de la salud en consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) reincidentes que están siendo atendidos en un centro de rehabilitación (UNIPSSAM IPS) de la ciudad de Valledupar, Colombia, durante 2021. Métodos Investigación descriptiva de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 21 personas reincidentes en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas que asisten a un centro de rehabilitación de Valledupar, quienes, previo consentimiento informado, diligenciaron el instrumento de recolección de datos. La información fue procesada en SPSS y resumida en tablas uni y bivariadas. Resultados Se evidencian historias de consumo progresivo asociado a determinantes intermedios de salud, en especial circunstancias materiales de vida y comportamentales, mientras que las socioambientales, sobre todo derechos e inclusión social, parecen no afectar la reincidencia. Conclusiones Es necesario realizar intervenciones y programas, orientados a la comunidad, familia e individuo, las cuales tengan un enfoque promocional de la salud y preventivo de la reincidencia en el consumo de psicoactivos, al tiempo que se fortalezca la investigación en este campo.

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the intermediate determinants of health in recidivist psychoactive substances (PS) users who are being treated at a rehabilitation center (UNIPSSAM IPS) in the city of Valledupar, Colombia, during 2021. Methods Descriptive cross-sectional cohort research. The sample consisted of 21 repeat offenders in the consumption of psychoactive substances who attend a rehabilitation center in Valledupar, who, with prior informed consent, filled out the data collection instrument. The information was processed in SPSS and summarized in uni-and bivariate charts. Results Histories of progressive consumption are evident, associated with intermediate determinants of health, especially material life, and behavioral circumstances, while socio-environmental ones, in particular rights and social inclusion, do not seem to affect recidivism. Conclusions It is necessary to carry out interventions and programs, oriented to the community, family and individual, that have a promotional approach to health and prevent recidivism in the consumption of psychoactive substances, while strengthening research in this field.

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Apesar de atingirem padrões de alta clínica, pacientes com COVID-19 não retomam as atividades cotidianas devido à incapacidade, sendo o processo de reabilitação de interesse dos serviços de saúde e sociedade. Objetivos:Descrever o nível de funcionalidade do paciente pós-COVID-19 e resultados de um processo de reabilitação multidisciplinar.Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, relativo à avaliação das demandas e processo de reabilitação interdisciplinar. Resultados: 22 pacientes participaram do estudo, idade 48,46 anos (±12,63), 50% homens, sendo que 81,8% apresentavam comorbidades e 95,5% sobrepeso ou algum grau de obesidade. Todos apresentaram diminuição na QV (SF36) e não alcançaram a distância média esperada para o teste de 6 minutos, 20 pacientes apresentaram dispnéia para realizar as atividades cotidianas e 21 apresentaram limitação na Escala de Status Funcional pós-COVID-19 (PCSF). O resultado do processo de reabilitação com 20 pacientes, mostrou na comparação antes e depois, diferenças significativas na força muscular (,000) PeakFlow Meter (,000), Berg (,000), Barthel (,001), teste 6 minutos para freqüência cardíaca (,002) e distância percorrida (,000). Na SF-36 para os domínios de Estado Geral da Saúde (,058) e Aspectos Emocionais (,194) a diferença não foi significativa. Para as variáveis ordinais houve diferença significativa para PCSF (,000) e dispnéia (,000).Conclusão: O estudo aponta que a incapacidade do paciente teve maior correlação na entrada do serviço com o tempo de internação e que um processo de reabilitação interdisciplinar melhora na funcionalidade e QV do paciente com sequelas de COVID-19.

Despite reaching clinical discharge standards, patients with COVID-19 do not resume daily activities due to disability, and the rehabilitation process is of interest to health services and society. Objectives:To describe the post-COVID-19 patient's level of functionality and the result of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation process. Methods:observational, descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, related to the assessment of demands and interdisciplinary rehabilitation process. Results:22 patients participated in the study, age 48.46 years (±12.63), 50% were men, 81.8% had comorbidities and 95.5% were overweight or had some degree of obesity. All of them had a decrease in QoL (SF36) and did not reach the average distance expected for the 6-minute test, 20 patients had dyspnea to perform daily activities and 21 had limitations on the Post-Covid Functional Status Scale(PCSF). The result of the rehabilitation process with 20 patients, showed in the comparison before and after, significant differences in muscle strength (.000) Peak Flow Meter (.000), Berg (.000), Barthel (.001), 6-minute test for heart rate (.002) and distance traveled (.000). In the SF-36 for the General Health Status (.058) and Emotional Aspects (.194) domains, the difference was not significant. For the ordinal variables, there was a significant difference for post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS)(.000) and dyspnea (.000). Conclusion:The study points out that the patient's disability had a greater correlation at the entrance of the service with the length of hospitalization and that an interdisciplinary rehabilitation process improves the functionality and QOL of the patient with sequelae of COVID-19.

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Objetivo: Descrever a percepção de mulheres no período gravídico puerperal sobre o uso de substâncias psicoativas (SPA). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com oito mulheres presentes em serviços de reabilitação psicossocial. A amostragem foi definida por saturação. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas no período de setembro a outubro de 2019 e submetidos a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Após a análise dos dados, emergiram as seguintes categorias temáticas: Conhecimento da motivação inicial para o uso de substâncias psicoativas e manutenção antes, durante e após a gestação; Uso de substâncias psicoativas durante a gestação e/ou puerpério: a percepção sobre seus riscos; Pensamentos das mulheres usuárias de substâncias psicoativas durante a gestação; e, O sentimento de maternidade e o uso de substâncias psicoativas, que revelam as vivências e percepções das mulheres sobre o uso das substâncias psicoativas durante todo o ciclo gravídico-puerperal. Conclusão: O uso das substâncias psicoativas relacionados aos sentimentos de maternidade são considerados negativos, uma vez que a dependência leva à anulação do ser mãe no contexto familiar e social. (AU)

Objective: To describe the perception of women in the puerperal gravitational period about the use of psychoactive substances. Methods: This is an exploratory, qualitative approach study conducted with eight women in psychosocial rehabilitation services. The sampling was defined by saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from September to October 2019 and submitted to Bardin Content Analysis. Results: After analyzing the data, the following thematic categories emerged: Knowledge of the initial motivation for the use of psychoactive substances and maintenance before, during and after pregnancy; Use of psychoactive substances during pregnancy and/or puerperium: the perception of its risks; Thoughts of women who use psychoactive substances during pregnancy and The feeling of motherhood and the use of psychoactive substances, which reveal the experiences and perceptions of women about the use of psychoactive substances throughout the pregnancy puerperal cycle. Conclusion: The use of psychoactive substances related to maternity feelings are considered negative, since dependence leads to the annulment of being a mother in the family and social context. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir la percepción de las mujeres en el puerperio sobre el uso de sustancias psicoactivas. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo, realizado con ocho mujeres presentes en los servicios de rehabilitación psicosocial. El muestreo se definió por saturación. Los datos se recopilaron a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas de septiembre a octubre de 2019 y se enviaron al análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: Después del análisis de los datos, surgieron las siguientes categorías temáticas: Conocimiento de la motivación inicial para el uso de sustancias psicoactivas y mantenimiento antes, durante y después del embarazo; Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas durante el embarazo y/o puerperio: la percepción de sus riesgos; Pensamientos de mujeres usuarias de sustancias psicoactivas durante el embarazo y El sentimiento de maternidad y el uso de sustancias psicoactivas, que revelan las vivencias y percepciones de las mujeres sobre el uso de sustancias psicoactivas a lo largo del ciclo embarazopuerperio. Conclusion: El uso de sustancias psicoactivas relacionado con los sentimientos de maternidad se considera negativo, ya que la dependencia conduce a la cancelación de ser madre en el contexto familiar y social. (AU)

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RESUMO Mudanças epidemiológicas decorrentes do envelhecimento populacional motivaram transformações nos sistemas de saúde mundiais. Desde 1990, emergem discussões sobre Cuidados Intermediários (CI), visando diminuir hospitalizações, melhorar a coordenação do cuidado e estimular políticas públicas de cuidados próximos ao território. Este trabalho objetivou apresentar e analisar a literatura científica sobre CI, enfatizando serviços de Hospitais Comunitários. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa, combinando os descritores "Intermediate Care", "Community Hospitals", "Intermediate Care Facilities", "Long-Term Care", "Hospitals Chronic Disease" e "Rehabilitation Services", nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, nas bases Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed e Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações. Após processo de busca e elegibilidade, foram incluídos 30 documentos para síntese qualitativa, provenientes de: Reino Unido, Noruega, Espanha, Dinamarca, Austrália e Itália. Resultados apontam para a eficácia, a efetividade e a eficiência dos CI, com boas avaliações por parte de profissionais e usuários. Os CI, como estratégia de fortalecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde, redução de internações, favorecimento da independência funcional dos pacientes e seu retorno à comunidade, apresentam-se como uma inovação em saúde e aposta promissora. Entretanto, persistem lacunas na literatura que ensejam mais estudos sobre o tema, com vistas a subsidiar a tomada de decisão.

ABSTRACT Epidemiological changes resulting from populational aging have led to changes in global health systems. Since 1990, discussions on Intermediate Care (IC) have emerged, with a view to reducing hospitalizations, improving care coordination, and stimulating public care policies close to the territory. This work aims to present and analyze the scientific literature on CI, emphasizing services from Community Hospitals. An integrative review was carried out, combining the descriptors "Intermediate Care", "Community Hospitals", "Intermediate Care Facilities", "Long-Term Care", "Hospitals Chronic Disease", and "Rehabilitation Services", in Portuguese, English and Spanish, in the Regional Portal of Virtual Health Library, PubMed and Digital Library of Thesis and Dissertations bases. After the search and eligibility process, 30 documents were included for qualitative synthesis, coming from: The United Kingdom, Norway, Spain, Denmark, Australia and Italy. Results point to the efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency of ICs, with good evaluations by professionals and users. ICs, as a strategy to strengthen Primary Health Care, reduce hospital admissions, favor patients' functional independence and return to the community, are presented as a health innovation and promising bet. However, there are gaps in the literature that lead to more studies on the topic, with a view to supporting decision making.

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Introducción: La actividad física regular puede contribuir a prevenir las enfermedades al mínimo costo posible, especialmente si se plantea como un hábito de vida saludable y no como una actividad de riesgo que requiere una estricta y costosa supervisión médica especializada. Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia del ejercicio físico sobre factores de riesgo de trastornos coronarios en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva de 41 pacientes que habían padecido un infarto agudo de miocardio y que formaron parte de un programa de rehabilitación cardiovascular en el Servicio de Terapia Física y Rehabilitación del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso en Santiago de Cuba, desde mayo de 2017 hasta igual mes de 2019. Para ello se seleccionaron los factores de riesgo de trastornos coronarios más frecuentes en la muestra, los cuales fueron analizados antes y después de aplicado el programa. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo predominaron en los hombres (68,4 %), con una mayor incidencia de la hipertrigliceridemia en ambos sexos (56,1 %). Después de aplicada la rehabilitación, se logró una disminución de las cifras de glucemia, triglicéridos y colesterol sérico. Conclusiones: Los programas de rehabilitación cardiovascular mejoran la salud del paciente e igualmente proporcionan beneficios socioeconómicos a la sociedad.

Introduction: Regular physical activity can contribute to prevent diseases at the minimum cost possible, especially if it is a healthy life habit and not a risky activity that requires a strict and expensive specialized medical supervision. Objective: To evaluate the influence of the physical exercise on risk factors of coronary disorders in patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods: A descriptive investigation of 41 patients that had suffered from a heart attack and were part of a program of cardiovascular rehabilitation was carried out in the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Service of Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from May, 2017 to the same month in 2019. With this purpose the most frequent risk factors of coronary disorders were selected in the sample, which were analyzed before and after the implementation of the program. Results: Risk factors prevailed in men (68.4 %), with a higher incidence of hypertriglyceridemia in both sexes (56.1 %). After the rehabilitation, a decrease of glycemia, triglycerides and serum cholesterol figures was achieved. Conclusions: The programs of cardiovascular rehabilitation improve the health of the patients and provide as well socioeconomic benefits to the society.

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OBJECTIVES: As patients recovering from the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present with physical, respiratory, cognitive, nutritional, and swallowing-related impairments and mental health complications, their rehabilitation needs are complex. This study aimed to describe the demographic, clinical, and functional status after the discharge of COVID-19 survivors who underwent intensive multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation at the Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Institute of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School General Hospital and Lucy Montoro Rehabilitation Institute. We determined the most important factors related to the length of inpatient rehabilitation treatment and present the functional outcomes. METHODS: This was a retrospective study based on electronic medical records. In addition to the severity of COVID-19 and length of hospital stay for the management of COVID-19 and comorbidities, we collected sociodemographic data including age, sex, height, and weight. Functional assessments were performed using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM); Short Physical Performance Battery; Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; Revised Impact of Events Scale; bioelectrical impedance; Functional Oral Intake Scale; oropharyngeal dysphagia classification; and nutritional assessment. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in FIM before and after inpatient rehabilitation treatment (p<0.0001). Muscle strength and walking capacity were significantly improved (p<0.01). The most important factors related to the length of inpatient rehabilitation treatment were improvement in FIM scores (Spearman's r=0.71) and gain in lean mass (Spearman's r=0.79). CONCLUSIONS: Rehabilitation of patients after COVID-19 recovery improves their functional status and should be considered in the post-acute phase for selected patients with COVID-19.

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AIM: To analyze the correlation between the appearance of signs/symptoms during a cardiovascular rehabilitation program and linear indexes of the heart rate variability (HRV) at rest. METHODS: To carry out the present observational longitudinal study, 48 patients were analyzed. The protocol was divided into two stages. First, the patients had their personal details collected, and the autonomic modulation at rest was evaluated by HRV. Second, they underwent 36 sessions of the cardiovascular rehabilitation program to evaluate signs/symptoms. Then, just for analysis of the data, they were divided into two groups: the group without signs/symptoms (n = 26; 65.15 ± 9.7 years); and the group with signs/symptoms (n = 22; 66.77 ± 14.4 years). The HRV indexes were compared by ancova. The effect size was measured through the partial eta-squared. Pearson's and Spearman's correlations (P < 0.05) were used to analyze the data, and linear regression was applied. RESULTS: A total of 103 signs/symptoms occurred. The group with signs/symptoms presented lower values of HRV indexes when compared with the group without signs/symptoms, especially for the parasympathetic indexes with a large effect size. The root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), percentage of adjacent RR intervals with a difference of duration >50 ms (pNN50), high-frequency spectral component (HF) varying from 0.15 to 0.4 Hz (expressed as ms2 ), dispersion of the points perpendicular to the line of identity and represents the instantaneous record of the beat-to-beat variability (SD1) and SD1/scatter of points along the identity line and represents the HRV in long-term records (SD2) index presented a negative correlation with the appearance of signs/symptoms. When the linear regression was applied, the rMSSD, SD1 and SD1/SD2 showed negative values of ß (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with lower HRV are more likely to have signs/symptoms. The rMSSD, pNN50, HF (expressed as ms2 ), SD1 and SD1/SD2 index presented a negative correlation with the appearance of signs/symptoms. For rMSSD, SD1 and SD1/SD2, the lower the values of these HRV indexes, the greater the risk of appearance of signs/symptoms. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 853-859.

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El amplio espectro clínico de la enfermedad COVID-19 tiene importantes implicaciones funcionales para el cuidado hospitalario agudo y subagudo en unidades de cuidado inten-sivo. Ante la emergencia sanitaria desencadenada por esta enfermedad, el Colegio Colom-biano de Terapia Ocupacional convocó a un grupo de profesionales expertas en el área para proveer lineamientos para terapeutas ocupacionales que participan en la rehabilitación tem-prana de pacientes con COVID-19 en Colombia. Se realizó una revisión de literatura sobre la clasificación y las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad, la efectividad de la reha-bilitación temprana adulta, pediátrica y neonatal, y el rol y la experiencia de profesionales en Terapia Ocupacional en el uso de guías de salud existentes. Un consenso de expertas determinó la aplicabilidad de los lineamientos al contexto colombiano. Terapia Ocupacio-nal, como parte del equipo de rehabilitación temprana, juega un papel fundamental en la restauración y el mantenimiento de la independencia funcional; la adaptación del ambiente y el acondicionamiento holístico gradual de las funciones respiratorias, cardiovasculares, sensoriomotoras y cognitivas durante las actividades básicas cotidianas, y la prevención del deterioro físico, mental, espiritual y social de la persona hospitalizada y su familia. Estos lineamientos constituyen un recurso técnico y educativo relevante para la Terapia Ocupa-cional hospitalaria.(AU)

The broad clinical spectrum of COVID-19 disease has critical functional implications for acute and subacute hospital care in intensive care units. Faced with the health emergency triggered by this disease, the Colombian College of Occupational Therapy convened a group of professional experts in the area to provide guidelines for occupational therapists involved in the early rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19 in Colombia. A literature review was conducted on the classification and clinical manifestations of the disease, the effectiveness of early adult, pediatric and neonatal rehabilitation, and the occupational therapist's role and experience in the use of existing health guidelines. A consensus of experts determined the applicability of the guidelines to the Colombian context. Occu-pational Therapy, as part of the early rehabilitation team, plays a fundamental role in res-toring and maintaining functional independence, the adaptation of the environment and the gradual holistic conditioning of respiratory, cardiovascular, sensorimotor and cognitive functions during basic daily activities, and the prevention of physical, mental, spiritual and social deterioration of the hospitalized person and their family. These guidelines cons-titute a relevant technical and educational resource for hospital Occupational Therapy.(AU)

O amplo espectro clínico da doença COVID-19 tem implicações funcionais relevantes para os cuidados hospitalares agudos e subagudos em unidades de terapia intensiva. Diante da emergência sanitária desencadeada por esta doença, o Colégio Colombiano de Tera-pia Ocupacional reuniu um grupo de profissionais, especializados na área, para fornecer orientações aos terapeutas ocupacionais, envolvidos na reabilitação precoce de pacientes com COVID-19, na Colômbia. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre a classificação e as manifestações clínicas da doença, a eficácia da reabilitação adulta precoce, pediá-trica e neonatal, bem como o papel e experiência do terapeuta ocupacional no uso das diretrizes de saúde existentes. Um consenso de especialistas determinou a aplicabilidade das diretrizes ao contexto colombiano. A Terapia Ocupacional, como parte da equipe de reabilitação precoce, desempenha um papel fundamental na restauração e manutenção da independência funcional; a adaptação do meio ambiente e o condicionamento holístico gradual das funções respiratórias, cardiovasculares, sensório-motoras e cognitivas, durante as atividades diárias básicas; e a prevenção da deterioração física, mental, espiritual e so-cial da pessoa hospitalizada e sua família. Essas orientações constituem um recurso técnico e educacional relevante para a Terapia Ocupacional hospitalar.(AU)

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Hasta el momento, la enfermedad COVID-19 ha demostrado tener implicaciones funcionales a corto, y en ocasiones, a largo plazo. Ante la emergencia sanitaria desencadenada por esta enfermedad, el Colegio Colombiano de Terapia Ocupacional convocó a un grupo de profesionales expertas en el área para proveer lineamientos para terapeutas ocupacionales que se involucren en la rehabilitación intrahospitalaria y ambulatoria de usuarios con COVID-19 en Colombia. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre el rol y la efectividad de la Terapia Ocupacional en la rehabilitación hospitalaria, las complicaciones reportadas en usuarios con COVID-19, y su manejo terapéutico en la rehabilitación intrahospitalaria y ambulatoria. Un consenso de expertas determinó la aplicabilidad de los lineamientos al contexto colombiano. La Terapia Ocupacional, como parte del equipo de rehabilitación, incide de manera directa en el nivel de independencia, la autonomía y la futura reincorporación a las actividades dentro de la sociedad; adicionalmente, facilitando y promoviendo actividades cognitivas, psicosociales y de ocio, aporta al mantenimiento del equilibrio ocupacional para prevenir la aparición de disfunciones de índole sensoriomotor, perceptivo y psicosocial a corto, mediano y largo plazo. Estos lineamientos constituyen un recurso técnico y educativo relevante para la Terapia Ocupacional hospitalaria.

Up to this date, COVID-19 disease has shown to have short-term, and sometimes long-term, functional implications. Faced with the health emergency triggered by this disease, the Colombian College of Occupational Therapy convened a group of professional experts in the area to provide guidelines for occupational therapists involved in inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation of users with COVID-19 in Colombia. A literature review was conducted on the role and effectiveness of Occupational Therapy in subacute rehabilitation, the complications reported in users with COVID-19, and its therapeutic management in inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation. A consensus of experts determined the applicability of the guidelines to the Colombian context. Occupational Therapy, as part of the rehabilitation team, directly affects the level of independence, autonomy and future reincorporation to the activities within society. It also contributes to maintaining occupational balance to prevent short, medium, and long term sensorimotor, perceptual, and psychosocial dysfunctions, by facilitating and promoting cognitive, psychosocial, and leisure activities. These guidelines constitute a relevant technical and educational resource for subacute care in Occupational Therapy.

Até agora, foi demonstrado que a doença COVID-19 tem implicações funcionais de curto e, às vezes, de longo prazo. Diante da emergência sanitária desencadeada por esta doença, o Colégio Colombiano de Terapia Ocupacional reuniu um grupo de profissionais, especializados na área, para fornecer orientações aos terapeutas ocupacionais, envolvidos na reabilitação hospitalar e ambulatorial de usuários com COVID-19, na Colômbia. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre o papel e a eficácia da Terapia Ocupacional na reabilitação hospitalar, as complicações relatadas em usuários com COVID-19 e seu manejo terapêutico na reabilitação hospitalar e ambulatorial. Um consenso de especialistas determinou a aplicabilidade das diretrizes ao contexto colombiano. A Terapia Ocupacional, como parte da equipe de reabilitação, afeta diretamente o nível de independência, autonomia e futura reincorporação às atividades na sociedade; além disso, facilitando e promovendo atividades cognitivas, psicossociais e de lazer, contribui para a manutenção do equilíbrio ocupacional, para prevenir o aparecimento de disfunções sensório-motoras, perceptivas e psicossociais em curto, médio e longo prazo. Tais orientações constituem um recurso técnico e educacional importante para a Terapia Ocupacional hospitalar.

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