RESUMO
This study had two objectives: 1) to compare the effects of 3 wk of resistance training (RT) and resistance training with instability (RTI) on evoked reflex responses at rest and during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 2) to determine the effectiveness of RT and RTI in moving values of evoked reflex responses of individuals with PD toward values of age-matched healthy control subjects (HCs) (z-score analysis). Ten individuals in the RT group and 10 in the RTI group performed resistance exercises twice a week for 3 wk, but only the RTI group included unstable devices. The HC group (n = 10) were assessed at pretest only. Evoked reflex responses at rest (H reflex and M wave) and during MVIC [supramaximal M-wave amplitude (Msup) and supramaximal V-wave amplitude (Vsup)] of the plantar flexors were assessed before and after the experimental protocol. From pretraining to posttraining, only RTI increased ratio of maximal H-reflex amplitude to maximal M-wave amplitude at rest (Hmax/Mmax), Msup, Vsup/Msup, and peak torque of the plantar flexors (P < 0.05). At posttraining, RTI was more effective than RT in increasing resting Hmax and Vsup and in moving these values to those observed in HCs (P < 0.05). We conclude that short-term RTI is more effective than short-term RT in modulating H-reflex excitability and in increasing efferent neural drive, approaching average values of HCs. Thus short-term RTI may cause positive changes at the spinal and supraspinal levels in individuals with PD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maximal H-reflex amplitude (Hmax) at rest and efferent neural drive [i.e., supramaximal V-wave amplitude (Vsup)] to skeletal muscles during maximal contraction are impaired in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Short-term resistance training with instability was more effective than short-term resistance training alone in increasing Hmax and Vsup of individuals with Parkinson's disease, reaching the average values of healthy control subjects.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Reflexo H/fisiologia , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Eletromiografia/métodos , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Contração Isométrica/fisiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neurônios Motores/fisiologia , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Coluna Vertebral/fisiopatologia , TorqueRESUMO
Hiccup is a spasmodic involuntary contraction of the diaphragm which triggers a sudden inspiration and an abrupt closure of the glottis with a characteristic sound. Regarding its duration, it is classified as hiccup attack, persistent hiccup or rebellious or intractable hiccup. We present the case of a 75 old male with rebellious hiccup which prevented him to fall asleep by day or by night, associated with belches lasting for three years, refractory to chlorpromazine. An extensive evaluation led to the diagnosis of right ethmoid sinus tumor. The tumor resection was performed and after subsequent local radiotherapy the hiccup disappeared. We consider this a rare cause of rebellious hiccup that generated a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicações , Seio Etmoidal , Soluço/etiologia , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/complicações , Idoso , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
El hipo es una contracción espasmódica involuntaria del diafragma que desencadena una inspiración súbita y cierre abrupto de la glotis originando un sonido característico. Según su duración se clasifica en ataque de hipo, hipo persistente o hipo intratable o rebelde. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 75 años de edad con hipo rebelde que le impedía conciliar el sueño, diurno y nocturno, asociado a eructos, de tres años de evolución, refractario al tratamiento con clorpromazina. Luego de una extensa evaluación se llegó al diagnóstico de tumor en seno etmoidal derecho. Se efectuó la resección del tumor y posterior radioterapia local con desaparición del hipo. Consideramos ésta una causa rara de hipo rebelde que generó un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico.
Hiccup is a spasmodic involuntary contraction of the diaphragm which triggers a sudden inspiration and an abrupt closure of the glottis with a characteristic sound. Regarding its duration, it is classified as hiccup attack, persistent hiccup or rebellious or intractable hiccup. We present the case of a 75 old male with rebellious hiccup which prevented him to fall asleep by day or by night, associated with belches lasting for three years, refractory to chlorpromazine. An extensive evaluation led to the diagnosis of right ethmoid sinus tumor. The tumor resection was performed and after subsequent local radiotherapy the hiccup disappeared. We consider this a rare cause of rebellious hiccup that generated a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
Assuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicações , Seio Etmoidal , Soluço/etiologia , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/complicaçõesRESUMO
El hipo es una contracción espasmódica involuntaria del diafragma que desencadena una inspiración súbita y cierre abrupto de la glotis originando un sonido característico. Según su duración se clasifica en ataque de hipo, hipo persistente o hipo intratable o rebelde. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 75 años de edad con hipo rebelde que le impedía conciliar el sueño, diurno y nocturno, asociado a eructos, de tres años de evolución, refractario al tratamiento con clorpromazina. Luego de una extensa evaluación se llegó al diagnóstico de tumor en seno etmoidal derecho. Se efectuó la resección del tumor y posterior radioterapia local con desaparición del hipo. Consideramos ésta una causa rara de hipo rebelde que generó un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico.(AU)
Hiccup is a spasmodic involuntary contraction of the diaphragm which triggers a sudden inspiration and an abrupt closure of the glottis with a characteristic sound. Regarding its duration, it is classified as hiccup attack, persistent hiccup or rebellious or intractable hiccup. We present the case of a 75 old male with rebellious hiccup which prevented him to fall asleep by day or by night, associated with belches lasting for three years, refractory to chlorpromazine. An extensive evaluation led to the diagnosis of right ethmoid sinus tumor. The tumor resection was performed and after subsequent local radiotherapy the hiccup disappeared. We consider this a rare cause of rebellious hiccup that generated a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.(AU)
Assuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicações , Seio Etmoidal , Soluço/etiologia , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/complicaçõesRESUMO
In this first part of this review on neurological examination of large animals, it is presented information regarding the neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and function of the brain. The next part of this review will deal with the examination of the spinal cord of these animals.
Neste primeiro artigo abordando o exame neurológico em grandes animais são apresentados dados referentes à neuroanatomia e à neurofisiologia, e o exame das funções encefálicas. No próximo artigo será abordado o exame da medula espinhal desses animais.
RESUMO
In this first part of this review on neurological examination of large animals, it is presented information regarding the neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and function of the brain. The next part of this review will deal with the examination of the spinal cord of these animals.
Neste primeiro artigo abordando o exame neurológico em grandes animais são apresentados dados referentes à neuroanatomia e à neurofisiologia, e o exame das funções encefálicas. No próximo artigo será abordado o exame da medula espinhal desses animais.