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Omental wrapping is a common cause of peritoneal catheter malfunction. This diagnosis should be confirmed by radiography before proceeding with surgical omentectomy. We report two cases of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter outflow obstruction from our developing PD program in Grenada, in which contrast studies accurately diagnosed omental wrap, allowing for prompt surgical correction. In both cases, the contrast study indicated the presence of omental wrapping, confirmed at time of surgical correction. Radiographic features of omental wrap are distinctive, which allows for reliable differentiation from other causes of obstruction. Radiographic contrast study reliably diagnoses the cause of peritoneal catheter obstruction, permitting prompt diagnosis and treatment. This is vital for regions with limited access to haemodialysis.

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BACKGROUND: Shoulder arthroscopy can be performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus or beach-chair position, but in both cases, glenohumeral (GH) joint spaces must be increased to improve visualization and allow access of the optical instrument. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of limb setup and longitudinal traction on the opening of the GH space with patients placed in the beach-chair (dorsal decubitus) position. METHODS: GH spaces at 3 test points corresponding to the anatomic locations of Bankart lesions were determined indirectly from radiographic images obtained from 67 patients presenting shoulder pathology with an indication for arthroscopic surgery. Measurements were made with the operative limb in neutral rotation and positioned in relation to the coronal plane in adduction, 45° of abduction, or adduction with an axillary spacer, in each case with and without longitudinal traction. RESULTS: GH spaces were optimized at 2 of 3 test points when the operative limb was positioned in adduction or neutral rotation and manual longitudinal traction was applied with or without a polystyrene spacer placed under the axilla, but use of the spacer was essential to maximize the GH space at all 3 locations. In contrast, 45° of abduction proved to be the least appropriate position because it afforded the smallest GH space values with or without traction. CONCLUSION: Appropriate positioning of the patient on the operating table is a critical aspect of shoulder arthroscopy. Radiographic images revealed that adducted upper-limb traction with the use of an axillary spacer in patients in the beach-chair position generates a significant increase in the GH space in the lower half of the glenoid cavity, thereby facilitating visualization and access of the optical equipment to the GH compartments.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: las cefalometrías digitales permiten controlar los errores que se generan en el trazo manual, por eso el propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la reproducibilidad y precisión de las medidas angulares entre un trazo manual y el obtenido con el programa Cephapoint en una radiografía digital. MÉTODOS: se utilizaron 11 radiografías digitales directas tomadas a estudiantes de ortodoncia, las cuales se introdujeron en el programa Cephapoint. Se hizo la medición de 9 ángulos, cada uno medido en la radiográfia digital de manera manual y en el programa Cephapoint. Todas las medidas fueron hechas por 3 operadores con intervalo de 1 semana. Se halló el promedio de error interobservador para medir la reproducibilidad de cada medida angular, y el promedio de error intraobservador para determinar la precisión de cada observador. RESULTADOS: : el ángulo FH/N/Pg tuvo la menor diferencia en el error interobservador (0,10°) en ambos métodos, favoreciendo el trazado manual. Mientras que los ángulos con menor diferencia de error interobservador en el trazado computarizado fueron: II-NB (0,11°) y N-A/Pg (0,11°). La reproducibilidad intraobservador mostró un Coeficiente de Correlación Intraclase (CCI), excelente para ambos métodos. CONCLUSIONES: la reproducibilidad de las medidas angulares con el trazado manual y computarizado no presentó diferencias significativas. De acuerdo a los hallazgos de este estudio, los métodos evaluados brindan igual validez diagnóstica.

INTRODUCTION: digital cephalometry allows handling errors produced during manual tracing; the purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the reproducibility and precision of angle measures between manual tracing and that obtained with Cephapoint in digital radiography. METHODS: 11 direct digital radiographs taken to orthodontics students were introduced in the Cephapoint computer program. 9 angles were measured in both hand-tracing digital radiography and Cephapoint. All measurements were made by 3 operators with 1-week interval. We calculated the average interobserver error to find the reproducibility of each angle measure, and the average intra-observer error to determine the accuracy of each observer. RESULTS: : the FH/N/Pg angle showed the smallest interobserver error difference (0.10°) in both methods, favoring manual tracing. On the other hand, the angles with the smallest inter-observer error difference in computerized tracing were LI-NB (0.11°) and N-A/Pg (0.11°). Intraobserver reproducibility showed excellent Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) in both methods. CONCLUSIONS: reproducibility of angular measurements did not show significant differences between manual and computerized tracing. According to the findings of this study, the methods under evaluation offer equal diagnostic validity.

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A identificação eletrônica apresenta-se como uma tecnologia inovadora na monitorização de animais, com uma série de vantagens quando comparada aos métodos tradicionais. Foram utilizados 30 reprodutores de rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus) com peso médio de 376,57 g. Os tratamentos foram correspondentes aos diferentes locais de implante: 1) região temporal e 2) região coxal. Os implantes na região temporal apresentaram uma distância de migração ≥10 mm, fato observado em 55,33% dos animais. No entanto, os microchips implantados na coxa migraram um trajeto muito inferior (≤2 mm), observado em 20% dos animais. O local mais indicado a receber o implante dos microchips foi a região coxal, por apresentar ótima aceitabilidade pelo animal e não desencadear inflamação ou rejeição. O implante ficou dentro de um limite não crítico de movimentação no corpo do animal.

The electronic identification presents itself as a new technology for the monitoring of animals, having a number of advantages compared to traditional methods. A total of 30 breeding bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) with average weight of 376.57 g were used. The treatments were the different implant sites: 1) the temporal region and 2) coxal region. The implants had a temporal region of the migration distance ≥10 mm observed at 55.33% of the animals. However, the implanted microchip thigh migrated a path much less (≤2 mm) was observed in 20% of animals. The most suitable place to receive the implant of microchips was the coxal region, due to its overall acceptability by the animal and not triggers inflammation or rejection, getting within a limit not critical movement in the animal body.

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RESUMO

A identificação eletrônica apresenta-se como uma tecnologia inovadora na monitorização de animais, com uma série de vantagens quando comparada aos métodos tradicionais. Foram utilizados 30 reprodutores de rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus) com peso médio de 376,57 g. Os tratamentos foram correspondentes aos diferentes locais de implante: 1) região temporal e 2) região coxal. Os implantes na região temporal apresentaram uma distância de migração ≥10 mm, fato observado em 55,33% dos animais. No entanto, os microchips implantados na coxa migraram um trajeto muito inferior (≤2 mm), observado em 20% dos animais. O local mais indicado a receber o implante dos microchips foi a região coxal, por apresentar ótima aceitabilidade pelo animal e não desencadear inflamação ou rejeição. O implante ficou dentro de um limite não crítico de movimentação no corpo do animal. (AU)

The electronic identification presents itself as a new technology for the monitoring of animals, having a number of advantages compared to traditional methods. A total of 30 breeding bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) with average weight of 376.57 g were used. The treatments were the different implant sites: 1) the temporal region and 2) coxal region. The implants had a temporal region of the migration distance ≥10 mm observed at 55.33% of the animals. However, the implanted microchip thigh migrated a path much less (≤2 mm) was observed in 20% of animals. The most suitable place to receive the implant of microchips was the coxal region, due to its overall acceptability by the animal and not triggers inflammation or rejection, getting within a limit not critical movement in the animal body. (AU)

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