RESUMO

The greatest current threat to terrestrial fauna is continuous and severe landscape modification that destroys and degrades animal habitats. This rapid and severe modification has threatened species, local biological communities, and the ecological services that they provide, such as seed dispersal, insect predation, and pollination. Bats are important pollinators of the Cerrado (woodland savanna) because of their role in the life cycles of many plant species. However, there is little information about how these bat species are being affected by habitat loss and fragmentation. We used radio-tracking to estimate the home ranges of Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1776) and Lonchophylla dekeyseri Taddei, Vizotto & Sazima, 1983. The home range of G. soricina varies from 430 to 890 ha. They combine shortrange flights of up to 500 m to nearby areas with longer flights of 2 to 3 km that take them away from their core areas. The maximum flight distance tracked for L. dekeyseri was 3.8 km, and its home range varies from 564 to 640 ha. The average distance travelled by this species was 1.3 km. Our data suggest that G. soricina and L. dekeyseri are able to explore the fragmented landscape of the Central Brazilian Cerrado and that they are likely to survive in the short- to medium-term. The natural dispersal ability of these two species may enable them to compensate for continued human disturbance in the region.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The greatest current threat to terrestrial fauna is continuous and severe landscape modification that destroys and degrades animal habitats. This rapid and severe modification has threatened species, local biological communities, and the ecological services that they provide, such as seed dispersal, insect predation, and pollination. Bats are important pollinators of the Cerrado (woodland savanna) because of their role in the life cycles of many plant species. However, there is little information about how these bat species are being affected by habitat loss and fragmentation. We used radio-tracking to estimate the home ranges of Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1776) and Lonchophylla dekeyseri Taddei, Vizotto & Sazima, 1983. The home range of G. soricina varies from 430 to 890 ha. They combine shortrange flights of up to 500 m to nearby areas with longer flights of 2 to 3 km that take them away from their core areas. The maximum flight distance tracked for L. dekeyseri was 3.8 km, and its home range varies from 564 to 640 ha. The average distance travelled by this species was 1.3 km. Our data suggest that G. soricina and L. dekeyseri are able to explore the fragmented landscape of the Central Brazilian Cerrado and that they are likely to survive in the short- to medium-term. The natural dispersal ability of these two species may enable them to compensate for continued human disturbance in the region.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Prochilodus lineatus is a reophilic migratory species of economical importance for local fisheries which is widely distributed in Brazil. The present study investigated diel and seasonal movement patterns, spawning migration and habitat use of P. lineatus in the Sinos River, Southern Brazil. Between August 2002 and March 2004, 19 grumatãs were tagged internally with digitally coded radio transmitters. Tracking was conducted weekly by boat or aircraft, and six fixed data loggers recorded movements of tagged fish. Results showed that the mean distance covered per fish and day was positively related with fish weight (p = 0.03; n = 19). Grumatã showed preference for river streches surrounded by wetlands (p < 0.001; n = 286). Their diel activity pattern displayed one peak at 7 hours, and a second at 15 hours. During the night, activity was significantly reduced (p = 0.01). The seasonal movements pattern showed increased activity in October 2002 - March 2003 and from October 2003 to January 2004. Multiple regression analysis did not show a significant relationship between distance covered and temperature or water level (p = 0.116; n = 19). No synchronized long distance spawning migrations were observed. The mean distance covered by the individuals/day showed a negative significant relationship with number of tracking days (p = 0.022; n = 19), indicating a higher probability of being captured for more mobile individuals. The preservation of the still existing wetlands and reduction of the fishing pressure are essential for the future conservation of the grumatã population of the Sinos River.

Prochilodus lineatus é uma espécie migratória, de hábito reofílico e com grande importância como recurso pesqueiro. É uma espécie amplamente distribuída no Brasil. O presente estudo investigou os padrões diários e sazonais de atividades, migrações reprodutivas e uso de hábitat do P. lineatus no Rio dos Sinos, região sul do Brasil. Entre agosto de 2002 e março de 2004, 19 grumatãs foram internamente marcados com rádio transmissores codificados. O rastreamento foi semanalmente conduzido utilizando barco ou avião. Adicionalmente, seis radiorreceptores fixos registraram os movimentos dos peixes marcados. Os resultados mostram que a distância média percorrida por peixe foi positivamente relacionada com peso dos indivíduos (p = 0.03; n = 19). Grumatãs mostram preferências significativas por trechos do rio com presença de banhados (p < 0.001; n = 286). O padrão nictimeral de atividade mostrou dois picos de atividade, um as 7 horas da manhã, e outro à tarde às 15 horas. Durante a noite, a atividade foi significativamente reduzida (p= 0,01). O padrão sazonal de atividade mostra um aumento de atividade em outubro de 2002 - março de 2003, e de outubro de 2003 a janeiro de 2004. A Análise de Regressão Múltipla não mostrou relação significativa entre a atividade e temperatura ou nível da água (p = 0,116; n = 19). Não foram observadas migrações reprodutivas sincronizadas de longa distância. A média da distância percorrida por indivíduo por dia mostrou uma relação significativa negativa com o número de dias monitorados (p = 0,022; n = 19), indicando, que indivíduos mais ativos têm uma probabilidade maior de serem capturados. A preservação de áreas úmidas existentes e a redução do recurso pesqueiro pela pressão da pesca são essenciais para a conservação futura da população de grumatãs no Rio dos Sinos.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Prochilodus lineatus is a reophilic migratory species of economical importance for local fisheries which is widely distributed in Brazil. The present study investigated diel and seasonal movement patterns, spawning migration and habitat use of P. lineatus in the Sinos River, Southern Brazil. Between August 2002 and March 2004, 19 grumatãs were tagged internally with digitally coded radio transmitters. Tracking was conducted weekly by boat or aircraft, and six fixed data loggers recorded movements of tagged fish. Results showed that the mean distance covered per fish and day was positively related with fish weight (p = 0.03; n = 19). Grumatã showed preference for river streches surrounded by wetlands (p 0.001; n = 286). Their diel activity pattern displayed one peak at 7 hours, and a second at 15 hours. During the night, activity was significantly reduced (p = 0.01). The seasonal movements pattern showed increased activity in October 2002 - March 2003 and from October 2003 to January 2004. Multiple regression analysis did not show a significant relationship between distance covered and temperature or water level (p = 0.116; n = 19). No synchronized long distance spawning migrations were observed. The mean distance covered by the individuals/day showed a negative significant relationship with number of tracking days (p = 0.022; n = 19), indicating a higher probability of being captured for more mobile individuals. The preservation of the still existing wetlands and reduction of the fishing pressure are essential for the future conservation of the grumatã population of the Sinos River.

Prochilodus lineatus é uma espécie migratória, de hábito reofílico e com grande importância como recurso pesqueiro. É uma espécie amplamente distribuída no Brasil. O presente estudo investigou os padrões diários e sazonais de atividades, migrações reprodutivas e uso de hábitat do P. lineatus no Rio dos Sinos, região sul do Brasil. Entre agosto de 2002 e março de 2004, 19 grumatãs foram internamente marcados com rádio transmissores codificados. O rastreamento foi semanalmente conduzido utilizando barco ou avião. Adicionalmente, seis radiorreceptores fixos registraram os movimentos dos peixes marcados. Os resultados mostram que a distância média percorrida por peixe foi positivamente relacionada com peso dos indivíduos (p = 0.03; n = 19). Grumatãs mostram preferências significativas por trechos do rio com presença de banhados (p 0.001; n = 286). O padrão nictimeral de atividade mostrou dois picos de atividade, um as 7 horas da manhã, e outro à tarde às 15 horas. Durante a noite, a atividade foi significativamente reduzida (p= 0,01). O padrão sazonal de atividade mostra um aumento de atividade em outubro de 2002 - março de 2003, e de outubro de 2003 a janeiro de 2004. A Análise de Regressão Múltipla não mostrou relação significativa entre a atividade e temperatura ou nível da água (p = 0,116; n = 19). Não foram observadas migrações reprodutivas sincronizadas de longa distância. A média da distância percorrida por indivíduo por dia mostrou uma relação significativa negativa com o número de dias monitorados (p = 0,022; n = 19), indicando, que indivíduos mais ativos têm uma probabilidade maior de serem capturados. A preservação de áreas úmidas existentes e a redução do recurso pesqueiro pela pressão da pesca são essenciais para a conservação futura da população de grumatãs no Rio dos Sinos.

RESUMO

The brown-nosed coati (Nasua nasua) is a carnivorous species found in all the Brazilian biomes, some of which are endangered areas. The aim of this work was to determine the habitat use and selection, home range and core area of N. nasua in the Cerrado biome, central region of Tocantins, Brazil. The study was carried out in an area of approximately 20 000ha from May 2000 to July 2002. A total of seven box traps were placed in the area for 13 months, three of 11 captured animals were followed and monitored by radio-tracking during 13 months. The monitoring was conducted once a day, three times a week using a car and walking through the study area (radio-tracking and visual contact). The results demonstrate that these three males used more frequently the gallery forest formation, followed by cerrado and wetlands. The use of gallery forest by these animals indicated an habitat selection (Proportion test, z=12.98, p< 0.01). Besides, adult males used the gallery forest more frequently (Fisher’s exact test, p<0.01) and wetlands less frequently (Fisher’s exact test, p<0.01) than juvenile males, without significant differences between animal ages for cerrado percentage of habitat use. Besides, results also showed a gallery forest selection by adult (Proportion test z= 13.62, p<0.01) and juvenile (Proportion test z=2.68, p<0.01) males, and a wetland selection by the juvenile male (Proportion test z=3.90, p<0.01). The home ranges varied from 2.20 to 7.55km² for the Minimum Convex Polygon 100% (MCP 100%) and from 4.38 to 13.32km² for the Harmonic Mean 95% (HM 95%). The smallest home range overlap occurred between the adult males (Nm1 and Nm3), and the greatest between the juvenile Njm2 and the adult Nm1. The average of the core area (HM 75%) for the three monitored animals represented 21.29% of the home range calculated with HM 95%. No overlap between core areas was observed for adult males, but, it was an overlap between the core area of the juvenile male and its band with that of the two adult males. The present study provides new data on core area size and frequency habitat use by adult and juvenile males of N. nasua in the Brazilian Cerrado, that may support conservation efforts. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (3): 1069-1077. Epub 2010 September 01.

El coatí Nasua nasua es una especie de prociónido que se distribuye en todos los biomas brasileños, algunos de los cuales son zonas amenazadas. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios sobre el uso de hábitat, área de acción y centro de esta especie. En el bioma Cerrado de la región central de Tocantins, Brasil se determinó el uso y selección de hábitat, área de acción y centro de N. nasua. El estudio se llevó a cabo en un área de aproximadamente 20 000 has de mayo 2000 a Julio 2002. Durante 13 meses se colocaron en la zona siete trampas, tres de 11 animales capturados fueron seguidos y controlados por radio-seguimiento por un periodo de 13 meses. El monitoreo se llevó a cabo una vez al día, tres veces por semana, caminando por el área de estudio o en carro (radio-seguimiento y contacto visual). Los resultados del estudio demostraron que los tres individuos ocuparon más frecuentemente las formaciones de bosque de galería, seguido por cerrado y bosque húmedo. Las áreas de acción variaron entre 2.20 y 7.55km² para el polígono mínimo convexo (PMC), y de 4.38 a 13.32 para la media harmónica MH 95%. El área centro (MH 75%) fue equivalente a 21.29% del área de acción calculada para la media harmónica MH 95%. Este estudio provee información útil para los esfuerzos de conservación de la especie en el Cerrado brasileño, ya que proporciona nueva información sobre el tamaño del área centro y la frecuencia de uso de hábitat de dos machos adultos y un jóven de N. nasua.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The thin-spined porcupine Chaetomys subspinosus (Olfers, 1818) is a species endemic to the extremely disturbed and fragmented Brazilian Atlantic forest. Little is known about its natural history. We analyzed the preferences of porcupine diurnal roost and home range, based on one relocated adult male that was radio-monitored during 1999. The individual was captured in the urban zone of Santa Teresa, Brazil, and relocated to a forest reserve 6 km from the capture site. The thin-spined porcupine feeds only on leaves. It prefers intermediate forest stratum (6-15 m of height) for roosting during daytime, generally using inclined branches with a diameter of 2 to 5 cm. Most observations indicated a prehensile tail position. Home range was relatively large (15.81 ha) for an arboreal animal of this size and new areas were still being explored after five months of monitoring.

RESUMO

Prochilodus lineatus is a reophilic migratory species of economical importance for local fisheries which is widely distributed in Brazil. The present study investigated diel and seasonal movement patterns, spawning migration and habitat use of P. lineatus in the Sinos River, Southern Brazil. Between August 2002 and March 2004, 19 grumatãs were tagged internally with digitally coded radio transmitters. Tracking was conducted weekly by boat or aircraft, and six fixed data loggers recorded movements of tagged fish. Results showed that the mean distance covered per fish and day was positively related with fish weight (p = 0.03; n = 19). Grumatã showed preference for river streches surrounded by wetlands (p 0.001; n = 286). Their diel activity pattern displayed one peak at 7 hours, and a second at 15 hours. During the night, activity was significantly reduced (p = 0.01). The seasonal movements pattern showed increased activity in October 2002 - March 2003 and from October 2003 to January 2004. Multiple regression analysis did not show a significant relationship between distance covered and temperature or water level (p = 0.116; n = 19). No synchronized long distance spawning migrations were observed. The mean distance covered by the individuals/day showed a negative significant relationship with number of tracking days (p = 0.022; n = 19), indicating a higher probability of being captured for more mobile individuals. The preservation of the still existing wetlands and reduction of the fishing pressure are essential for the future conservation of the grumatã population of the Sinos River.

Prochilodus lineatus é uma espécie migratória, de hábito reofílico e com grande importância como recurso pesqueiro. É uma espécie amplamente distribuída no Brasil. O presente estudo investigou os padrões diários e sazonais de atividades, migrações reprodutivas e uso de hábitat do P. lineatus no Rio dos Sinos, região sul do Brasil. Entre agosto de 2002 e março de 2004, 19 grumatãs foram internamente marcados com rádio transmissores codificados. O rastreamento foi semanalmente conduzido utilizando barco ou avião. Adicionalmente, seis radiorreceptores fixos registraram os movimentos dos peixes marcados. Os resultados mostram que a distância média percorrida por peixe foi positivamente relacionada com peso dos indivíduos (p = 0.03; n = 19). Grumatãs mostram preferências significativas por trechos do rio com presença de banhados (p 0.001; n = 286). O padrão nictimeral de atividade mostrou dois picos de atividade, um as 7 horas da manhã, e outro à tarde às 15 horas. Durante a noite, a atividade foi significativamente reduzida (p= 0,01). O padrão sazonal de atividade mostra um aumento de atividade em outubro de 2002 - março de 2003, e de outubro de 2003 a janeiro de 2004. A Análise de Regressão Múltipla não mostrou relação significativa entre a atividade e temperatura ou nível da água (p = 0,116; n = 19). Não foram observadas migrações reprodutivas sincronizadas de longa distância. A média da distância percorrida por indivíduo por dia mostrou uma relação significativa negativa com o número de dias monitorados (p = 0,022; n = 19), indicando, que indivíduos mais ativos têm uma probabilidade maior de serem capturados. A preservação de áreas úmidas existentes e a redução do recurso pesqueiro pela pressão da pesca são essenciais para a conservação futura da população de grumatãs no Rio dos Sinos.

RESUMO

The thin-spined porcupine Chaetomys subspinosus (Olfers, 1818) is a species endemic to the extremely disturbed and fragmented Brazilian Atlantic forest. Little is known about its natural history. We analyzed the preferences of porcupine diurnal roost and home range, based on one relocated adult male that was radio-monitored during 1999. The individual was captured in the urban zone of Santa Teresa, Brazil, and relocated to a forest reserve 6 km from the capture site. The thin-spined porcupine feeds only on leaves. It prefers intermediate forest stratum (6-15 m of height) for roosting during daytime, generally using inclined branches with a diameter of 2 to 5 cm. Most observations indicated a prehensile tail position. Home range was relatively large (15.81 ha) for an arboreal animal of this size and new areas were still being explored after five months of monitoring.

RESUMO

The thin-spined porcupine Chaetomys subspinosus (Olfers, 1818) is a species endemic to the extremely disturbed and fragmented Brazilian Atlantic forest. Little is known about its natural history. We analyzed the preferences of porcupine diurnal roost and home range, based on one relocated adult male that was radio-monitored during 1999. The individual was captured in the urban zone of Santa Teresa, Brazil, and relocated to a forest reserve 6 km from the capture site. The thin-spined porcupine feeds only on leaves. It prefers intermediate forest stratum (6-15 m of height) for roosting during daytime, generally using inclined branches with a diameter of 2 to 5 cm. Most observations indicated a prehensile tail position. Home range was relatively large (15.81 ha) for an arboreal animal of this size and new areas were still being explored after five months of monitoring.

RESUMO

Throughout the latter half of the twentieth century, wildlife habitat destruction and species extinctions have greatly increased. As the number of endangered species grows, the use of reintroduction as a conservation tool against species extinction increases. This study focuses on a 16-month study on marsh deer reintroduced in the Jataí Ecological Station. The animals were radio tagged and tracked daily between December 1998 and April 2000. Displacement activity and spatial preferences were monitored by triangulation. The animals wandered the floodplains inside the protected area and also a floodplain that is part of privately owned property on the western edge of the Jataí Ecological Station. During the study, most of the reintroduced marsh deer preferred the private floodplain area more than the floodplains inside the protected area. This preference revealed the ecological importance of the area and the necessity of its incorporation into the Jataí Ecological Station.

A destruição dos habitats naturais e a extinção de espécies têm crescido muito a partir da última metade do século XX. Nesse contexto, o aumento do número de espécies ameaçadas tem proporcionado maior uso da reintrodução como estratégia de conservação no combate à atual taxa de extinção. O presente trabalho focaliza um estudo de 16 meses realizado com cervos-do-pantanal reintroduzidos na Estação Ecológica de Jataí. Os animais foram marcados com rádio-colares e monitorados diariamente entre dezembro de 1998 e abril de 2000, tendo suas atividades de deslocamento e uso do espaço acompanhadas por triangulação. Os animais exploraram várzeas dentro da unidade de conservação e também uma área de várzea pertencente a uma propriedade particular localizada na fronteira oeste da estação. Durante o período de estudo, a maioria dos cervos reintroduzidos utilizou a área de várzea particular mais intensivamente que as várzeas da unidade de conservação. A preferência demonstrada por essa área confirmou sua importância ecológica, evidenciando a necessidade de proteção por meio de sua incorporação aos limites da Estação Ecológica de Jataí.