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In this review, we presented the principles of radial keratotomy (RK), its evolution, enhancement, and complications, and strategies to manage the consequences of RK in the present day. It is essential to understand the RK procedure f, the theoretical background that supported this surgery, the current effect on the cornea, and how to approach patients needing vision improvement. These patients are developing cataracts that need to be handled well, from the IOL calculation to the surgical procedure. Guided keratorefractive surgery is the most accurate procedure to improve these patient's vision and life. Nevertheless, some patients may need other approaches, such as sutures, penetrating keratoplasty, corneal rings, and pinhole implants, depending on the degree of irregularity of the cornea, ablation depth for guided surgery or if the sutures are open.

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Aim: To evaluate the vision-related quality of life with the National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life (NEI-RQL) questionnaire in patients with astigmatism secondary to radial keratotomy surgery who underwent topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy. Methods: Prospective non-randomized clinical trial. This study included 15 patients (30 eyes) aged > 21 years, mean age 55.1 (SD, 3.5) years, 53.3% female, with astigmatism ≤ - 6.00 D resulting from radial keratotomy, which could have been associated with hyperopia ≤ + 6.00 D. Photorefractive keratectomy with topography-guided custom ablation treatment was used in all cases. The patients answered the NEI-RQL questionnaire preoperatively and at 4 and 48 months after topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy. The following data were collected: age, sex and education level, pre-operative refraction data, visual acuity with or without correction, pachymetry, and keratometry. Results: There was a significant difference between pre-and postoperative NEI-RQL scores for the domains clarity of vision, near vision, far vision, diurnal fluctuation, activity limitations, glare, symptoms, correction dependence, appearance, and satisfaction with correction (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy improved vision-related quality of life in patients with a history of irregular astigmatism secondary to radial keratotomy.

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Resumo A cirurgia de catarata com implante de lente intra-ocular é uma das cirurgias mais realizadas no mundo e, atualmente, os pacientes que se submetem a essa cirurgia podem utilizar o implante com lente intraocular (LIO) multifocal como alternativa ao uso de óculos. Um grande desafio para o cirurgião são os pacientes já submetidos previamente a ceratotomia radial (RK), pois além de terem um cálculo biométrico mais desafiador, apresentam importantes aberrações ópticas corneanas, sendo uma contra-indicação para o uso de lentes multifocais para a maioria dos oftalmologistas. Neste artigo, relatamos o caso de uma paciente que foi submetida, na juventude, a uma RK e passou a referir importante incômodo visual após a correção de catarata com facectomia e implante de LIO multifocal. Esta paciente foi submetida a uma ceratectomia fotorrefrativa (PRK) para diminuir as irregularidades da córnea com boa evolução clínica e resultado visual satisfatório. Esse caso chama a atenção para a alternativa do excimer laser topoguiado em casos semelhantes e alerta para o risco do uso desse tipo de lente em córneas irregulares.

Abstract Cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation is one of the most commonly performed surgeries in the world and, currently, patients who undergo this surgery can use the multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implant as an alternative to wearing glasses. A great challenge for the surgeon are patients who have previously undergone radial keratotomy (RK), because in addition to having a more challenging biometric calculation, they also have important corneal optical aberrations, being a contraindication for the use of multifocal lenses for most patients. ophthalmologists. In this article, we report the case of a patient who underwent a RK in her youth and started to report an important visual discomfort after cataract correction with facectomy and multifocal IOL implantation. This patient underwent a photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to reduce corneal irregularities with good clinical evolution and satisfactory visual result. This case draws attention to the alternative of topography-guided laser excimer in similar cases and warns of the risk of using this type of lens in irregular corneas.

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Objetivo: correlacionar los valores queratométricos obtenidos por el programa Holladay Report del Pentacam en ojos operados de queratotomía radial con diagnóstico de catarata, y los obtenidos a través del método de Maloney.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo y descriptivo a 18 ojos miopes de 14 pacientes portadores de opacidades cristalinianas previamente sometidos a queratotomía radial que acudieron al Servicio de Catarata del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer en el período comprendido de febrero a noviembre del año 2013. Se utilizó el Pentacam para obtener de forma directa el poder refractivo corneal utilizando programas diseñados con este fin, y posteriormente compararlo con el obtenido por el método de Maloney.Resultados: se obtuvo una correlación positiva al comparar las lecturas queratométricas equivalentes a 1 mm (r= 0,962); 2 mm (r= 0,845); 3 mm (r= 0,985); 4 mm (r= 0,988); 4,5 mm (r= 0,988) y central (r= 0,976) obtenidas en el programa Holladay Report del Pentacam, y los valores queratométricos aportados por el método de Maloney, lo cual fue estadísticamente significativo (p= 0,001). Conclusiones: el programa Holladay Report del Pentacam aporta poderes corneales que no difieren estadísticamente de los obtenidos por el método de Maloney en pacientes con cirugía refractiva corneal previa y catarata con criterio quirúrgico(AU)

Objective: to correlate the keratometric values from the Pentacam´s Holladay Report software in operated eyes which underwent radial keratotomy with cataract diagnosis and those of Maloney´s method. Method: prospective, descriptive and observational study conducted in 18 myopic eyes from 14 patients who had crystalline opacities and had undergone radial keratotomy. They had gone to the cataract service of Ramon Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from February to November 2013. Pentacam was used to directly estimate the corneal refractive power by using tailor-made software for this purpose, and then compare it with the values obtained by Maloney´s method. Results: there was positive correlation when comparing the keratometric readings of 1 mm (r= 0.962); 2 mm (r= 0.845); 3 mm (r= 0.985); 4 mm (r=0.988); 4.5 mm (r= 0.988) and central (r= 0.976) in the Pentacam´s Holladay Report software and the keratometric values of the Maloney's method, which was statistically significant (p= 0,001). Conclusions: pentacam´s Holladay Report software reached corneal power values that do not differ statistically from those of Maloney´s method in patients who had previously undergone corneal refractive surgery and cataract with surgical criteria(AU)

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Objetivo: correlacionar los valores queratométricos obtenidos por el programa Holladay Report del Pentacam en ojos operados de queratotomía radial con diagnóstico de catarata, y los obtenidos a través del método de Maloney. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo y descriptivo a 18 ojos miopes de 14 pacientes portadores de opacidades cristalinianas previamente sometidos a queratotomía radial que acudieron al Servicio de Catarata del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer en el período comprendido de febrero a noviembre del año 2013. Se utilizó el Pentacam para obtener de forma directa el poder refractivo corneal utilizando programas diseñados con este fin, y posteriormente compararlo con el obtenido por el método de Maloney. Resultados: se obtuvo una correlación positiva al comparar las lecturas queratométricas equivalentes a 1 mm (r= 0,962); 2 mm (r= 0,845); 3 mm (r= 0,985); 4 mm (r= 0,988); 4,5 mm (r= 0,988) y central (r= 0,976) obtenidas en el programa Holladay Report del Pentacam, y los valores queratométricos aportados por el método de Maloney, lo cual fue estadísticamente significativo (p= 0,001). Conclusiones: el programa Holladay Report del Pentacam aporta poderes corneales que no difieren estadísticamente de los obtenidos por el método de Maloney en pacientes con cirugía refractiva corneal previa y catarata con criterio quirúrgico(AU)

Objective: to correlate the keratometric values from the Pentacam´s Holladay Report software in operated eyes which underwent radial keratotomy with cataract diagnosis and those of Maloney´s method. Method: prospective, descriptive and observational study conducted in 18 myopic eyes from 14 patients who had crystalline opacities and had undergone radial keratotomy. They had gone to the cataract service of Ramon Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from February to November 2013. Pentacam was used to directly estimate the corneal refractive power by using tailor-made software for this purpose, and then compare it with the values obtained by Maloney´s method. Results: there was positive correlation when comparing the keratometric readings of 1 mm (r= 0.962); 2 mm (r= 0.845); 3 mm (r= 0.985); 4 mm (r=0.988); 4.5 mm (r= 0.988) and central (r= 0.976) in the Pentacam´s Holladay Report software and the keratometric values of the Maloney's method, which was statistically significant (p= 0,001). Conclusions: pentacam´s Holladay Report software reached corneal power values that do not differ statistically from those of Maloney´s method in patients who had previously undergone corneal refractive surgery and cataract with surgical criteria(AU)

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La queratotomía radial es uno de los métodos quirúrgicos empleados para corregir los defectos ópticos de las personas; ésta ha sido ampliamente estudiada, e incluso se han propuesto nomogramas que permiten predecir los resultados de algunas geometrías; a pesar de esto, las experiencias postoperatorias han demostrado que la tasa de éxito de las cirugías es baja, ya que se presenta hipocorrección o hipercorrección de los pacientes, obligándolos a usar ayudas externas o llevándolos a someterse nuevamente a una cirugía. Teniendo en cuenta esto, se desarrolló una plataforma para simular estas cirugías por medio del método de elementos finitos, empleando los programas Matlab y COMSOL Multiphysics. Por medio de la rutina creada es posible obtener un modelo de la córnea preoperatoria que se asemeje tanto en geometría, como en condiciones de esfuerzo, a la córnea real; adicionalmente, es posible adaptar la geometría de la queratotomía radial que desee simularse. Se realizaron simulaciones para una cirugía compuesta de dos arcos y otra de tres arcos; los resultados obtenidos demuestran la capacidad de la simulación numérica para avanzar en el desarrollo de la cirugía refractiva, al ser posible estudiar parámetros, que de forma experimental, son difíciles de tener en cuenta, como la geometría inicial de la córnea y la edad del paciente, lo cual influye en el módulo de elasticidad del material; por otra parte, se encontró que esta aplicación es una potencial herramienta para los oftalmólogos, pues tiene la capacidad de predecir los resultados postoperatorios.

Radial keratotomy is used as a methodology to correct refractive errors. This surgery has been widely studied and also nomograms have been proposed in order to predict postoperative results of some types of keratotomies. Despite these eff orts, surgical evidence has shown a low success rate because of undercorrection or overcorrection, forcing patients to use spectacles or contact lenses, after surgery, or even leads them to a new procedure. A simulation platform was developed in an attempt to study these surgeries, employing the finite element method, using Matlab and COMSOL Multiphysics simultaneously. The routine is capable of simulate the preoperative cornea in terms of geometry and stress configuration. Also, it could be adapted to simulate any kind of radial keratotomy LASIK and PRK surgeries. Simulations for a double arc keratotomy and a triple arc keratotomy were developed. Results provide evidence of the capability of the platform to improve knowledge of refractive surgery taking into account the possibility to analyze the effect produced by corneal geometry and patient age, which aff ects the elastic modulus of the material, parameters difficult to analyze in an in-vivo experiment. Besides, it demonstrates the potential of the program as a tool for the surgeon to plan refractive surgery.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia, previsibilidade e estabilidade da ceratectomia fotorrefrativa (PRK) guiada pela frente de onda corneana para o tratamento da hipermetropia secundária à ceratotomia radial. MÉTODOS: Este estudo prospectivo analisou 60 olhos de 36 pacientes consecutivos, submetidos a PRK personalizado com o laser Esiris-Schwind. A técnica constou de desepitelização mecânica, fotoablação e utilização de mitomicina-C 0,02 por cento. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por 12 meses. RESULTADOS: O intervalo médio entre a ceratotomia radial e o PRK foi de 18,4 anos ± 3,8 (DP); o equivalente esférico (EE) médio antes da ceratotomia radial era -4,35 dioptrias (D) ± 1,55. As medidas prévias ao PRK mostraram grau esférico médio de +5,00 D ± 2,28, astigmatismo médio de -1,47 D ± 1,06, EE médio de +4,27 D ± 2,18 e AV corrigida (AVcc) média de 0,174 ± 0,139 (logMAR). O EE médio programado no laser foi +4,74 D ± 2,11. Os resultados encontrados um ano após a cirurgia foram: EE médio de +0,04 D ± 1,03 (P<0,001), astigmatismo médio de -1,03 ± 0,75 D (P=0,015), AV média sem correção de 0,265 ± 0,197 e AVcc de 0,079 ± 0,105 (P<0,001). A AVcc mostrou ganho médio de uma linha; 20 olhos (33,3 por cento) melhoraram duas ou mais linhas e somente um olho perdeu duas linhas. Ocorreu redução estatisticamente significante do coma (P=0,002), trefoil (P=0,004), aberração esférica (P<0,001) e quatrefoil (P=0,002). Houve 48 olhos (80 por cento) entre ± 1,00 D do EE planejado. A regressão média entre seis e 12 meses foi de +0,17 ± 0,67 D. CONCLUSÃO: O PRK personalizado pela frente de onda corneana foi eficaz, previsível e estável pelo período de um ano para a redução da hipermetropia após a ceratotomia radial. No pós-operatório, observou-se melhora significativa da AVsc, AVcc e das aberrações corneanas. Número do ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT00917657

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy, predictability and stability of corneal wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for correcting hyperopia and astigmatism after radial keratotomy. METHODS: In a prospective study, 60 eyes of 36 consecutive patients were treated with corneal wavefront-guided PRK with 0.02 percent mitomycin-C using an Esiris-Schwind excimer laser. Corneal epithelium was mechanically removed. All patients were followed-up for 12 months. RESULTS: The mean time between radial keratotomy and PRK was 18.4 years ± 3.8 (SD); mean spherical equivalent (SE) before radial keratotomy was -4.35 diopters (D) ± 1.55. Before PRK, the mean sphere was +5.00 D ± 2.28, mean astigmatism was - 1.47 D ± 1.06, mean SE was +4.27 D ± 2.18, and the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.174 ± 0.139 (logMAR). The planned laser SE correction was +4.74 D ± 2.11. No intraoperative complications were noted. At 12 months, mean SE was +0.04 D ± 1.03 (P<0.001), mean astigmatism was -1.03 ± 0.75 D (P=0.015), mean UCVA was 0.265 ± 0.197, and mean BCVA was 0.079 ± 0.105 (P<0.001). There was a mean gain of 1 line of BCVA and 20 eyes (33.3 percent) gained 2 or more lines. Only one eye lost 2 lines. A significant decrease in coma (P=0.002), trefoil (P=0.004), spherical aberration (P<0.001) and quatrefoil (P=0.002) was observed. Forty eight eyes (80 percent) were within ± 1.0 D of intended SE. Mean regression from 6 to 12 months was +0.17 ± 0.67 D. CONCLUSION: Corneal wavefront-guided PRK was effective, predictable and stable after one year of follow-up for the treatment of hyperopia after radial keratotomy. A significant improvement in UCVA, BCVA and corneal aberrations was obtained. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00917657

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OBJETIVO: Evaluar la seguridad y la eficacia del tratamiento con láser in situ keratomileusis en pacientes con defectos residuales posqueratotomía radial. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo prospectivo longitudinal a 55 ojos de 31 pacientes con miopía y/o astigmatismo residuales posqueratotomía radial reoperados con láser in situ keratomileusis en el Servicio de Cirugía Refractiva del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer desde enero a junio del 2007. En la selección de los pacientes, se utilizaron estrictos criterios de inclusión y exclusión utilizándose las variables: error refractivo residual en equivalente esférico medio, la agudeza visual sin corrección y la mejor agudeza visual corregida preLASIK y posLASIK, así como las complicaciones transoperatorias y postoperatorias. El seguimiento promedio de los pacientes fue de 12 ± 3 meses. RESULTADOS: El equivalente esférico posLASIK disminuyó notablemente en el primer día del posoperatorio y se mantuvo estable en la última consulta. La agudeza visual sin corrección posLASIK fue 1,0 (20/20) en 22 ojos (40 por ciento) y > 0,5 (20/40) en 44 ojos (80 por ciento). En 11 ojos (20 por ciento), la mejor agudeza visual corregida mejor 1 línea en la cartilla de Snellen. Se presentó como complicación intraoperatoria un ojo con perforación central del flap corneal y dentro de las complicaciones postoperatorias se reportaron detritus y restos hemáticos en la interfase en 2 ojos, pliegues finos del colgajo en un solo ojo y epitelización de la interfase fuera del eje visual igualmente, en un solo ojo. CONCLUSIONES: El Láser in situ keratomileusis puede ser usado exitosamente en la corrección de la miopía y el astigmatismo posqueratotomía radial en casos debidamente seleccionados(AU)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and the efficacy of the Laser in Situ Keratomileusis treatment in patients with residual defects after radial keratotomy. METHODS: A prospective, longitudinal and descriptive study was performed in 55 eyes from 31 patients with residual myopia and/or astigmatism after radial keratotomy, who were re-operated on using Laser in situ keratomileusis at Refractive Surgery Service of Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January to June 2007. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select the patients, on the basis of following variables: residual refractive errors in average spheral equivalent, visual acuity without correction and best visual acuity with correction before and after LASIK as well as the transoperative and postoperative complications. The average follow-up period were 12 ± 3 months. RESULTS: The spheral equivalent after LASIK was substantially reduced in the first day of the postoperative phase and kept stable in the last appointment with the specialist. The visual acuity without correction after LASIK was 1,0 (20/20) in 22 eyes (40 percent) and > 0,5 (20/40) in 44 eyes (80 percent). In eleven eyes (20 percent), the best corrected visual acuity improved by one line in the Snellen´s chart. The transoperative complication was found in one eye with central corneal flap perforation whereas the reported postoperative complications were detritus and hematic remains in the interphase in 2 eyes, fine foldings of the flap in one eye and epithelization of the interphase out of the visual axis also in one eye. CONCLUSIONS: The Laser in situ keratomileusis can be used successfully to correct myopia and astigmatism after radial keratotomy in duly selected cases(AU)

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia, estabilidade, previsibilidade e segurança da ceratectomia fotorrefrativa (PRK) guiada pelas frentes de onda corneana para o tratamento da hipermetropia secundária à ceratotomia radial (CR). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados prospectivamente 61 olhos de 39 pacientes consecutivos, submetidos a PRK personalizado com o laser Esiris-Schwind. A técnica constou de desepitelização mecânica, fotoablação, e utilização de mitomicina C (MMC) 0,02% por 20 ou 40 segundos. A MMC foi aplicada por 40 segundos em 17 olhos (27,9%) que haviam sido submetidos a ablações mais profundas do que 100 ?m ou apresentavam córneas previamente suturadas. As avaliações pós-operatórias foram realizadas após sete dias, um, seis, 12 e 24 meses. Todos os olhos foram avaliados após um ano e dois anos. RESULTADOS: O intervalo médio entre a CR e o PRK foi de 18,8 anos ± 3,8 (DP); o equivalente esférico (EE) médio antes da ceratotomia radial era -4,10 dioptrias (D) ± 1,44. As medidas prévias ao PRK mostraram EE médio de +4,17 D ± 1,97; astigmatismo médio de -1,39 D ± 1,04; AV com correção (AVcc) média de 0,161 ± 0,137 (logMAR); e curvatura corneana média de 35,85 ± 3,60 D. Os resultados encontrados dois anos após a cirurgia foram: EE médio de 0,14 ± 0,99 D (p < 0,001); astigmatismo médio de -1,19 ± 1,02 D (p = 0,627); AV sem correção (AVsc) média de 0,265 ± 0,196 (p < 0,001); AVcc média de 0,072 ± 0,094 (p < 0,001); e curvatura corneana média de 39,01 ± 3,18 D (p < 0,001). AVsc igual ou melhor a 20/25 foi observada em 38% dos olhos e igual ou melhor a 20/40 em 69%. A AVcc melhorou em 62,3% dos olhos, sendo que 21 olhos (34,4%) melhoraram uma linha e outros 17 olhos (27,9%), duas ou mais linhas. Um olho (1,6%) perdeu duas linhas devido ao astigmatismo irregular ocasionado por opacificação corneana periférica. Outro olho perdeu três linhas pelo desenvolvimento de ectasia corneana entre seis e 24 meses, devido ao alargamento progressivo de uma incisão radial inferior...

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy, stability, predictability and safety of corneal wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for correcting hyperopia after radial keratotomy (RK). METHODS: In a prospective study, 61 eyes of 39 consecutive patients were treated with PRK using an Esiris-Schwind excimer laser. Corneal epithelium was mechanically removed, followed by photoablation and use of 0.02% mitomycin C (MMC) for 20 or 40 seconds. MMC was used for 40 seconds in 18 eyes (27.9%) which underwent ablations deeper than 100 micron or had previous corneal sutures. Postoperative evaluations were performed after seven days, six, 12 and 24 months. All patients were followed up for two years. RESULTS: The mean time between RK and PRK was 18.8 years ± 3.8 (SD); mean spherical equivalent (SE) before RK was -4.10 diopters (D) ± 1.44. Before PRK, the mean SE was +4.17 D ± 1.97, mean astigmatism was -1.39 D ± 1.04, the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.161 ± 0.137 (logMAR) and the mean corneal curvature was 35.85 ± 3.60 D. At 24 months, mean SE was 0.14 ± 0.99 D (p < 0.001), mean astigmatism was -1.19 ± 1.02 D (p = 0.627), mean UCVA was 0.265 ± 0.196 (p < 0.001), mean BSCVA was 0.072 ± 0.094 (p < 0.001) and the mean corneal curvature was 39.01 ± 3.18 D (p < 0.001). UCVA was 20/25 or better in 38% of eyes and 20/40 or better in 69%. BCVA improved in 62.3% of eyes, with 21 (34.4%) gaining one line and 17 (27.9%), two or more lines. One eye (1.6%) lost two lines due to irregular astigmatism and peripheral haze. Another eye lost three lines due to keratectasia occurring between six and 24 months resulting from widening of an inferior radial incision that was later sutured. Thirty eyes (49.2%) were within ± 0.50 D of intended SE and 45 (73.8%) were within ± 1.00 D. From six to 24 months, the mean SE...

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OBJETIVO: Evaluar la seguridad y la eficacia del tratamiento con láser in situ keratomileusis en pacientes con defectos residuales posqueratotomía radial. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo prospectivo longitudinal a 55 ojos de 31 pacientes con miopía y/o astigmatismo residuales posqueratotomía radial reoperados con láser in situ keratomileusis en el Servicio de Cirugía Refractiva del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer desde enero a junio del 2007. En la selección de los pacientes, se utilizaron estrictos criterios de inclusión y exclusión utilizándose las variables: error refractivo residual en equivalente esférico medio, la agudeza visual sin corrección y la mejor agudeza visual corregida preLASIK y posLASIK, así como las complicaciones transoperatorias y postoperatorias. El seguimiento promedio de los pacientes fue de 12 ± 3 meses. RESULTADOS: El equivalente esférico posLASIK disminuyó notablemente en el primer día del posoperatorio y se mantuvo estable en la última consulta. La agudeza visual sin corrección posLASIK fue 1,0 (20/20) en 22 ojos (40 por ciento) y > 0,5 (20/40) en 44 ojos (80 por ciento). En 11 ojos (20 por ciento), la mejor agudeza visual corregida mejor 1 línea en la cartilla de Snellen. Se presentó como complicación intraoperatoria un ojo con perforación central del flap corneal y dentro de las complicaciones postoperatorias se reportaron detritus y restos hemáticos en la interfase en 2 ojos, pliegues finos del colgajo en un solo ojo y epitelización de la interfase fuera del eje visual igualmente, en un solo ojo. CONCLUSIONES: El Láser in situ keratomileusis puede ser usado exitosamente en la corrección de la miopía y el astigmatismo posqueratotomía radial en casos debidamente seleccionados

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and the efficacy of the Laser in Situ Keratomileusis treatment in patients with residual defects after radial keratotomy. METHODS: A prospective, longitudinal and descriptive study was performed in 55 eyes from 31 patients with residual myopia and/or astigmatism after radial keratotomy, who were re-operated on using Laser in situ keratomileusis at Refractive Surgery Service of Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January to June 2007. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select the patients, on the basis of following variables: residual refractive errors in average spheral equivalent, visual acuity without correction and best visual acuity with correction before and after LASIK as well as the transoperative and postoperative complications. The average follow-up period were 12 ± 3 months. RESULTS: The spheral equivalent after LASIK was substantially reduced in the first day of the postoperative phase and kept stable in the last appointment with the specialist. The visual acuity without correction after LASIK was 1,0 (20/20) in 22 eyes (40 percent) and > 0,5 (20/40) in 44 eyes (80 percent). In eleven eyes (20 percent), the best corrected visual acuity improved by one line in the Snellen´s chart. The transoperative complication was found in one eye with central corneal flap perforation whereas the reported postoperative complications were detritus and hematic remains in the interphase in 2 eyes, fine foldings of the flap in one eye and epithelization of the interphase out of the visual axis also in one eye. CONCLUSIONS: The Laser in situ keratomileusis can be used successfully to correct myopia and astigmatism after radial keratotomy in duly selected cases

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