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BACKGROUND: Secondary rectal linitis plastica (RLP) from prostatic adenocarcinoma is a rare and poorly understood form of metastatic spread, characterized by a desmoplastic response and concentric rectal wall infiltration with mucosal preservation. This complicates endoscopic diagnosis and can mimic gastrointestinal malignancies. This case series underscores the critical role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying the distinct imaging features of RLP and highlights the importance of considering this condition in the differential diagnosis of patients with a history of prostate cancer. CASE SUMMARY: Three patients with secondary RLP due to prostatic adenocarcinoma presented with varied clinical features. The first patient, a 76-year-old man with advanced prostate cancer, had rectal pain and incontinence. MRI showed diffuse prostatic invasion and significant rectal wall thickening with a characteristic "target sign" pattern. The second, a 57-year-old asymptomatic man with elevated prostate-specific antigen levels and a history of prostate cancer exhibited rectoprostatic angle involvement and rectal wall thickening on MRI, with positron emission tomography/computed tomography PSMA confirming the prostatic origin of the metastatic spread. The third patient, an 80-year-old post-radical prostatectomy, presented with refractory constipation. MRI revealed a neoplastic mass infiltrating the rectal wall. In all cases, MRI consistently showed stratified thickening, concentric signal changes, restricted diffusion, and contrast enhancement, which were essential for diagnosing secondary RLP. Biopsies confirmed the prostatic origin of the neoplastic involvement in the rectum. CONCLUSION: Recognizing MRI findings of secondary RLP is essential for accurate diagnosis and management in prostate cancer patients.

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RESUMEN Antecedentes: La medición de la calidad en cirugía, a través de las intervenciones de mejora, favorece mejores resultados para los pacientes y menos costos institucionales. Los resultados de libro quirúrgico (RLq) y los de libro oncológico (RLo) son una forma organizada de medir la calidad de la actividad quirúrgica. Objetivo: Estimar el cumplimiento de los parámetros de los RLq y RLo en una serie de pacientes con cáncer de recto bajo operados con amputación abdominoperineal por un mismo equipo. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo a partir de la revisión retrospectiva de los parámetros de los RLq y RLo en pacientes sometidos a una amputación abdominoperineal por cáncer de recto, entre agosto de 2015 y marzo de 2023, y se estimaron los porcentajes de cumplimiento en ambos libros. Resultados: Se incluyeron 26 pacientes cuyo promedio de edad fue de 52,07 años, y de ellos 18 (69,2%) fueron varones. En 25 casos (96 %) se realizó neoadyuvancia. Los RLq se cumplieron en 20 pacientes (76,9%), mientras que los RLo en 14 (53,8%), y ambos juntos en 13 (50%). Los ítems que más se presentaron para no llegar al 100% de cualquiera de los resultados fueron las complicaciones y el número de ganglios resecados igual a 12 o mayor, y, en menor medida, la resección R0, los días de estadía y la readmisión. Conclusión: Se lograron RLq y RLo adecuados en el 50% de los pacientes con amputaciones abdominoperineales. El análisis permite conocer dónde debemos actuar para mejorar la calidad de nuestros resultados.

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ABSTRACT Background: Measuring quality in surgery through improvement interventions favors better patient outcomes and lower institutional costs. Textbook surgical outcome (TSO) and textbook oncologic outcome (TOO) are an organized way to measure the quality of surgical activity. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the proportion of patients with low rectal cancer who underwent abdominoperineal amputation by the same surgical team and achieved the TSO and TOO. Material and methods: We conducted a descriptive observational study based on the retrospective review of TSO and TOO parameters in patients undergoing abdominoperineal amputation for rectal cancer, between August 2015 and March 2023. The percentage of patients who achieved the TSO and TOO was estimated. Results: A total of 26 patients were included; mean age was 52.07 years and 18 (69.2%) were men and 25 patients (96%) received neoadjuvant therapy. The TSO was achieved in 20 patients (76.9%); 14 patients (53.8%) achieved the TOO and 13 patients (59%) achieved both textbook outcomes. The presence of complications and < 12 lymph nodes resected were the most common reasons for not achieving 100% of both textbook outcomes; other items were R0 resection, length of hospital stay and readmission. Conclusion: Fifty percent of patients with abdominoperineal amputations achieved an adequate TSO and TOO. The analysis allows us to understand where we must take action in order to improve the quality of our results.

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BACKGROUND & AIMS: The association of Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) with prognosis has been established for various cancer types, including rectal cancer. However, the precise relationship between PNI and body composition characteristics in patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of PNI on overall survival and disease-free survival in non-metastatic rectal cancer patients undergoing total surgical resection. Additionally, it sought to assess the inflammatory status and body composition in patients across different PNI levels. METHODS: Patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer who underwent total surgical resection, were consecutively enrolled. PNI was calculated using the formula: PNI = (10 × serum albumin [g/dl]) + (0.005 × lymphocytes/µL). Body composition was assessed using CT-derived measurements and laboratory tests performed at diagnosis were used to calculate inflammatory indices. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses as well as Kaplan-Meier curves were used to determine prognostic values. RESULTS: A total of 298 patients were included. Patients with low PNI demonstrated significantly reduced overall survival and disease-free survival compared to those with high PNI (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.85; Confidence interval [CI] 1.30-2 0.62; p = 0.001). Moreover, patients with low PNI exhibited heightened systemic inflammatory status and reduced skeletal muscle index, increased muscle radiodensity, as well as a decrease in subcutaneous adipose tissue area, subcutaneous fat index, and low attenuation of both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. CONCLUSION: The PNI, assessed prior to treatment initiation, serves as a prognostic biomarker for non-metastatic rectal cancer patients undergoing total surgical resection and is linked with both inflammation and alterations in body composition.

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Composição Corporal , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Neoplasias Retais , Humanos , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Idoso , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Albumina Sérica/metabolismo , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Inflamação , Resultado do Tratamento

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Background and Objectives: Colon cancer (CC) is prevalent globally, constituting 11.9% of cases in Mexico. Lymph node metastases are established prognostic indicators, with extracapsular lymph node extension (ENE) playing a crucial role in modifying prognosis. While ENE is associated with adverse factors, certain aspects, like matted nodes (lymph node conglomerates), are underexplored. Matted nodes, clusters of lymph nodes infiltrated by cancer cells, are recognized as an independent prognostic factor in other cancers. This study investigates the prognostic implications of matted nodes in CC. Materials and Methods: From a retrospective analysis of 502 CC consecutive cases treated with colectomy (2005-2018), we identified 255 (50.8%) cases with lymph node metastasis (our study group), which were categorized into two groups: (1) lymph node metastasis alone (n = 208), and (2) lymph node metastasis with matted nodes (n = 47). A comparative survival analysis was performed. Results: Of the 255 patients, 38% had lymph node metastasis. Patients with matted nodes (18.4%) showed an association with higher pN stage and lymphovascular invasion. The 5-year survival rate for patients with matted nodes was 47.7%, compared to 60% without (p = 0.096); however, this association demonstrated only a statistical tendency. Multivariate analysis identified clinical stage and adjuvant chemotherapy use as independent factors contributing to survival. Conclusions: This study underscores matted nodes as potential prognostic indicators in CC, emphasizing their association with higher pN stage and reduced survival. Although the patients with matted nodes showed lower survival, this figure did not search statistical significance, but a tendency was detected, which necessitates precise further research, which is essential for validating these findings and integrating matted nodes into the broader context of colorectal cancer management.

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Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias do Colo , Metástase Linfática , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias do Colo/mortalidade , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Idoso , Linfonodos/patologia , México/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Análise de Sobrevida , Adulto , Colectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Colectomia/métodos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estadiamento de Neoplasias

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Prognostic factors for local recurrence in patients with rectal cancer submitted to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and total mesorectal excision. BACKGROUND: The standard curative treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer of the middle and lower thirds is long-course chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision. PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic factors associated with local recurrence in patients with rectal cancer submitted to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and total mesorectal excision. METHODS: Retrospective study including patients with rectal cancer T3-4N0M0 or T (any)N + M0 located within 10 cm from the anal border, or patients with T2N0M0 located within 5 cm, treated by long course chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision with curative intent. Clinical, demographic, radiologic, surgical, and anatomopathological data were collected. Local recurrence was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier function, and risk was estimated according to each characteristic using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: 270 patients were included, 57.8% male and mean age 61.7 (30‒88) years. At initial staging, 6.7% of patients were stage I, 21.5% stage II, and 71.8% stage III. Open surgery was performed in 65.2%, with sphincter preservation in 78.1%. Mortality within 30 postoperative days was 0.7%. After 49.4 (0.5‒86.1) months of median follow-up, overall and local recurrences were 26.3% and 5.9%. On multivariate analyses, local recurrence was associated with involvement of the mesorectal fascia on restaging MRI (HR = 9.11, p = 0.001) and with pathologic involvement of radial surgical margin (HR = 8.19, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Local recurrence of rectal cancer treated with long-course chemoradiation and total mesorectal excision is low and is associated with pathologic involvement of the radial surgical margin and can be predicted on restaging MRI.

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Terapia Neoadjuvante , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias Retais , Humanos , Neoplasias Retais/terapia , Neoplasias Retais/patologia , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso , Adulto , Terapia Neoadjuvante/métodos , Prognóstico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Quimiorradioterapia , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Fatores de Tempo

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The evidence on products for the prevention of radiodermatitis is limited. The primary objective was to analyse the effectiveness of the spray skin protectant 'non-burning barrier film' in the prevention of radiodermatitis with moist desquamation in patients with the anal canal and rectal cancer followed in nursing consultations compared to a standardised moisturiser based on Calendula officinalis and Aloe barbadensis. Single-blind randomised clinical trial. The study was performed in a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with 63 patients undergoing anal canal and rectal cancer treatment, randomised into one of the following two groups: an experimental group, which used a spray skin protectant and a control group, which used a moisturiser. Data were collected using an initial and subsequent evaluation form and were assessed using descriptive and inferential analyses. Participants who used the spray skin protectant had a lower chance of presenting radiodermatitis with moist desquamation and a longer time without this outcome when compared to the control group. The overall incidence of radiodermatitis was 100%, with 36.5% being severe. Furthermore, 17.5% of participants discontinued radiotherapy due to radiodermatitis. There were no differences between the groups regarding the severity of radiodermatitis and the number of patients who discontinued radiotherapy. The skin protectant was effective in preventing radiodermatitis with moist desquamation amongst patients with anal canal and rectal cancer.

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Radiodermite , Neoplasias Retais , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Método Simples-Cego , Neoplasias Retais/complicações , Neoplasias Retais/radioterapia , Radiodermite/prevenção & controle , Radiodermite/tratamento farmacológico , Radiodermite/etiologia , Brasil , Aloe , Adulto , Emolientes/uso terapêutico , Emolientes/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias do Ânus , Calendula , Resultado do Tratamento

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Rectal cancer management has evolved significantly, particularly with neoadjuvant treatment strategies. This narrative review examines the development and effectiveness of these therapies for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), highlighting the historical quest that led to current neoadjuvant alternatives. Initially, trials showed the benefits of adding radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) to surgery, reducing local recurrence (LR). The addition of oxaliplatin to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) further improved outcomes. TNT integrates chemotherapy and radiotherapy preoperatively to enhance adherence, timing, and systemic control. Key trials, including PRODIGE 23, CAO/ARO/AIO 12, OPRA, RAPIDO, and STELLAR, are analyzed to compare short-course and long-course RT with systemic chemotherapy. The heterogeneity and difficulty in comparing TNT trials due to different designs and outcomes are acknowledged, along with their promising long-term results. On the other hand, it briefly discusses the potential for non-operative management (NOM) in select patients, a strategy gaining traction due to favorable outcomes in specific trials. As a conclusion, this review underscores the complexity of rectal cancer treatment, emphasizing individualized approaches considering patient preferences and healthcare resources. It also highlights the importance of interpreting impressive positive or negative results with caution due to the variability in study designs and patient populations.

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Terapia Neoadjuvante , Neoplasias Retais , Humanos , Neoplasias Retais/terapia , Terapia Neoadjuvante/métodos

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Introducción. El cáncer colorrectal es uno de los tipos de cáncer más comunes y mortales a nivel mundial. Aunque los avances médicos han mejorado el manejo, la cirugía sigue siendo fundamental. La resección anterior baja (RAB) de recto ha ganado relevancia, a pesar de que puede llevar al síndrome de resección anterior baja de recto (LARS, por sus siglas en inglés), afectando la calidad de vida. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal con intención analítica en un centro de referencia en Medellín, Colombia. Los pacientes con cáncer de recto sometidos a RAB entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2022 completaron el cuestionario LARS para evaluar disfunción intestinal. Se evaluaron factores relacionados con la presencia de LARS por medio de un análisis bivariado. Resultados. De 234 pacientes elegibles, 110 (47 %) respondieron la encuesta, predominantemente mujeres (58,2 %). La edad promedio fue 62 años. Dos tercios de los pacientes recibieron neoadyuvancia y el 69 % requirieron ileostomía. La prevalencia de LARS fue 47,3 %. El 80,9 % llevaban más de 12 meses desde la cirugía o el cierre del estoma. Factores estadísticamente significativos asociados a LARS fueron edad mayor de 65 años (p=0,03), estadío patológico avanzado (p=0,02) y requerimiento de estoma (p=0,03). Conclusiones. El LARS afecta a casi la mitad de los pacientes en diferentes etapas posquirúrgicas. El LARS scorees una herramienta práctica para evaluar la función intestinal en el seguimiento del paciente. La prevalencia y los factores de riesgo identificados contribuyen a la comprensión del impacto de la cirugía conservadora del esfínter en la calidad de vida de los pacientes.

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Introduction. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common and deadly types of cancer worldwide, with a high incidence of rectal cancer. Although medical advances have improved management, surgery remains crucial. Low anterior resection of the rectum (LAR) has gained significance, despite its potential to lead to low anterior resection syndrome (LARS), affecting quality of life. Methods. A cross-sectional study with analytical intent was conducted at a referral center in Medellín, Colombia. Patients with rectal cancer who underwent LAR between January 2016 and December 2022 completed the LARS questionnaire to assess intestinal dysfunction. Factors related to the presence of LARS were analyzed using bivariate analysis. Results. Of 234 eligible patients, 110 (47%) responded, predominantly women (58.2%). The average age was 62 years. Two-thirds of patients received neoadjuvant therapy and 69% required ileostomy. The prevalence of LARS was 47.3%. 80.9% had been more than 12 months post-surgery or stoma closure. Statistically significant factors associated with LARS included age over 65 years (p=0.03), advanced pathological stage (p=0.02), and stoma requirement (p=0.03). Conclusions. LARS affects almost half of the patients in various post-surgical stages. The LARS score is a practical tool for assessing intestinal function in patient follow-up. The prevalence and risk factors identified contribute to the understanding of the impact of sphincter-conserving surgery on patients' quality of life.

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Humanos , Doenças Retais , Protectomia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Neoplasias Retais , Cirurgia Colorretal , Estomas Cirúrgicos

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Background: Knowledge of the pattern of regression and distribution of residual tumor cells may assist in the selection of candidates for rectum-sparing strategies. Objective: To investigate and identify factors associated with tumor regression pattern and distribution of residual tumor cells. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of patients with T3/T4 N0/N+ adenocarcinoma of the middle and lower third of the rectum (≤10 cm) treated with radiotherapy (5×5 Gy) followed by 6 cycles of CAPOX chemotherapy. The pattern of tumor regression was classified as fragmented or solid. Microscopic intramural spread was measured. We used a model of distribution of residual tumor cells not yet applied to rectal cancer, defined as follows: type I (luminal), type II (invasive front), type III (concentric), and type IV (random). Results: Forty patients were included with a median age of 66 years; 23 (57.5%) were men. A fragmented pattern was identified in 18 patients (45.0%), and a solid pattern in 22 (55.0%). Microscopic intramural spread was identified in 25 patients (62.5%), extending from 1 to 18 mm (median, 4 mm). There were 14 cases (35.0%) of microscopic intramural spread ≥10 mm. All cases of fragmented regression pattern, except one, showed microscopic intramural spread. Within the fragmented pattern, microscopic intramural spread was 4-8 mm in 4 cases and ≥10 mm in the remaining cases. All cases of microscopic intramural spread ≥ 10 mm were within the fragmented pattern. Regarding the distribution pattern of residual tumor cells, 11 cases (31.5%) were classified as type I, 14 (40.0%) as type II, 10 (28.5%) as type III, and none as type IV. Carcinoembryonic antigen levels >5 ng/mL, downsizing <50%, residual mucosal abnormality >20 mm, and anatomopathologic lymph node involvement were significantly associated with the occurrence of fragmentation (P<0.05). Having received all 6 cycles of CAPOX chemotherapy and absence of microscopic intramural spread were significantly associated with the type I distribution pattern (P<0.05). Conclusion: The occurrence of a fragmented regression pattern is common, as is the presence of microscopic intramural spread. We could identify radiologic and clinicopathologic factors associated with the pattern of tumor regression and a type I distribution pattern.

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Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Rectal cancer accounts for approximately one-third of new colorectal cancer cases, with adenocarcinoma as the predominant subtype. Despite an overall decline in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, due to advancements in screening, early diagnosis, and treatment options, there is a concerning increase in incidence rates among young patients. Recent significant advances in managing locally advanced rectal cancer, such as the establishment of different surgical approaches, neoadjuvant treatment using different protocols for high-risk cases, and the adoption of organ-preservation strategies, have increased the importance of the role played by radiologists in locoregional assessment on magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, at restaging, and during active surveillance of patients with rectal cancer. In this article, we review the role of restaging rectal magnetic resonance imaging after neoadjuvant therapy, providing radiologists with a practical, step-by-step guide for assessing treatment response.

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O câncer colorretal é o terceiro câncer mais comum e a segunda principal causa de morte relacionada ao câncer. O câncer retal representa aproximadamente um terço dos novos casos de câncer colorretal, sendo o adenocarcinoma o subtipo predominante. Apesar de uma diminuição geral na incidência e mortalidade, impulsionada por avanços na prevenção do câncer, diagnóstico precoce e opções de tratamento aprimoradas, há uma preocupante elevação nas taxas entre os pacientes jovens. Avanços recentes significativos no manejo do câncer retal localmente avançado, como abordagens cirúrgicas, o uso de diferentes protocolos de tratamento neoadjuvante para casos de alto risco e a adoção de estratégias de preservação de órgãos, aumentaram o papel dos radiologistas na avaliação locorregional por meio da ressonância magnética na avaliação inicial, reestadiamento e vigilância ativa de pacientes com câncer retal. Este manuscrito tem como objetivo revisar o papel da ressonância magnética retal no reestadiamento após terapia neoadjuvante, fornecendo aos radiologistas um guia prático para revisar exames nesse contexto.

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Objetivo: Describir los resultados tempranos de la cirugía resectiva colorrectal por Endometriosis Infiltrante Profunda (EIP) en mujeres intervenidas en centro clínico privado, durante los últimos 6 años. Material y Método Estudio transversal que muestra la evolución clínica de pacientes intervenidas quirúrgicamente con resecciones colorrectales por diagnóstico de (EIP), entre los años 2016-2022 en Clínica Indisa. Se agruparon en resecciones discoidales (Grupo I) y segmentarias (Grupo II) Resultados: De los pacientes operados por (EIP) entre los años 2016 al 2022, 160 pacientes fueron sometidas a resecciones colorrectales, 56 en el Grupo I y 104 en el grupo II. Las características demográficas de ambos grupos fueron similares, con excepción del hábito tabáquico que mostró un predominio en el Grupo II. El análisis de las variables quirúrgicas (tipo de abordaje, tasa de conversión, altura de la anastomosis y ostomía de protección) mostró una distribución similar en ambos grupos. En relación a la evolución postoperatoria, el Grupo I presentó una disminución significativa en el tiempo de realimentación con sólidos de 2 vs 3 días (p = 0,001). El inicio del tránsito intestinal, días de hospitalización y presencia de complicaciones Clavien-Dindo > = 3, no presentó diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. Discusión: La endometriosis afecta, significativamente, a mujeres en todo el mundo, existiendo escasa evidencia que reporte los resultados de las cirugías colorrectales que comparen ambas técnicas, demostrando que el manejo en centros especializados tiene mejores resultados. Conclusión: Al comparar estas dos técnicas de resección colorrectal en DIE, concluimos que los pacientes operados por resección discoidal tienen una realimentación más temprana sin diferencias significativas en el resto de las variables estudiadas.

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Objective: To describe the early outcomes of resective colorectal surgery for Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis (DIE) in women treated at private center over the past 6 years. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study presents the clinical evolution of surgically treated patients with colorectal resections for DIE diagnosis between 2016 and 2022 at Clínica INDISA. They were grouped into discoid resections (Group I) and segmental resections (Group II). Results: Of patients operated for DIE between 2016 and 2022, 160 underwent colorectal resections, with 56 in Group I and 104 in Group II. The demographic characteristics of both groups were similar, except for smoking habits, which showed a predominance in Group II. The analysis of surgical variables (approach type, conversion rate, anastomotic height, and protective ostomy) showed a similar distribution in both groups. Regarding postoperative outcomes, Group I showed a significant decrease in solid food resumption time, 2 vs 3 days (p = 0.001). The initiation of intestinal transit, hospitalization days, and presence of Clavien-Dindo complications >= 3 did not present significant differences between both groups. Discussion: Endometriosis significantly affects women worldwide, with limited evidence reporting colorectal surgery outcomes comparing both techniques, demonstrating that management in specialized centers yields better results. Conclusion: When comparing these two techniques of colorectal resection in DIE, we conclude that patients undergoing discoid resection have an earlier resumption of solid food intake without significant differences in the remaining studied variables.

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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the serum metabolite profiles during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics analysis. METHODS: 60 serum samples were collected from 20 patients with LARC before, during, and after radiotherapy. LC-MS metabolomics analysis was performed to identify the metabolite variations. Functional annotation was applied to discover altered metabolic pathways. The key metabolites were screened and their ability to predict sensitivity to radiotherapy was calculated using random forests and ROC curves. RESULTS: The results showed that NCRT led to significant changes in the serum metabolite profiles. The serum metabolic profiles showed an apparent separation between different time points and different sensitivity groups. Moreover, the functional annotation showed that the differential metabolites were associated with a series of important metabolic pathways. Pre-radiotherapy (3Z,6Z)-3,6-Nonadiena and pro-radiotherapy 1-Hydroxyibuprofen showed good predictive performance in discriminating the sensitive and non-sensitive group to NCRT, with an AUC of 0.812 and 0.75, respectively. Importantly, the combination of different metabolites significantly increased the predictive ability. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the potential of LC-MS metabolomics for revealing the serum metabolite profiles during NCRT in LARC. The identified metabolites may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the management of this disease. Furthermore, the understanding of the affected metabolic pathways may help design more personalized therapeutic strategies for LARC patients.

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This is a video vignette of a 57-year-old asymptomatic female patient. The patient underwent a screening colonoscopy which revealed a 10 mm scar in the rectum. Biopsy resulted in a well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging confirmed tumor characteristics without distant or lymph nodal metastasis. A minimally invasive robotic transanal resection using the Da Vinci Xi platform was performed, achieving full-thickness lesion excision with uneventful recovery. Histopathology revealed intramucosal adenocarcinoma with free margins. Local resection is advocated for selected T1 lesions and demands a thorough preoperative assessment. Robotic-assisted surgery presents a valuable alternative for early rectal adenocarcinoma management.

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BACKGROUND: Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) typically involves neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery (total mesorectal excision, TME). While achieving a complete pathological response (pCR) is a strong indicator of a positive prognosis, the specific benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy after pCR remain unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the potential advantages of adjuvant therapy in patients who achieve pCR. METHODS: In this study, we searched Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases for relevant research. We focused on binary outcomes, analyzing them using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To account for potential variability between studies, all endpoints were analyzed with DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models. We assessed heterogeneity using the I2 statistic and employed the R statistical software (version 4.2.3) for all analyses. RESULTS: Thirty-four studies, comprising 31,558 patients, were included. The outcomes demonstrated a significant difference favoring the AC group in terms of overall survival (OS) (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.60-0.94; p = 0.015; I2 = 0%), and OS in 5 years (OR 1.65; 95% CI 1.21-2.24; p = 0.001; I2 = 39%). There was no significant difference between the groups for disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.76-1.17; p = 0.61; I2 = 17%), DFS in 5 years (OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.82-1.74; p = 0.36; I2 = 43%), recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR 1.10; 95% CI 0.87-1.40; p = 0.39; I2 = 0%), and relapse-free survival (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.78-1.51; p = 0.62; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant difference in favor of the ACT group in terms of survival after pCR. Therefore, the administration of this treatment as adjuvant therapy should be encouraged in clinical practice.

Assuntos

Neoplasias Retais , Humanos , Neoplasias Retais/terapia , Neoplasias Retais/patologia , Neoplasias Retais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Retais/tratamento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Resultado do Tratamento , Análise de Sobrevida , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Terapia Neoadjuvante

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PURPOSE: Coloanal anastomosis with loop diverting ileostomy (CAA) is an option for low anterior resection of the rectum, and Turnbull-Cutait coloanal anastomosis (TCA) regained popularity in the effort to offer patients a reconstructive option. In this context, we aimed to compare both techniques. METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus were searched for studies published until January 2024. Odds ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled with a random-effects model. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test and I2 statistics, with p-values inferior to 0.10 and I2 >25% considered significant. Statistical analysis was conducted in RStudio version 4.1.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing). Registered number CRD42024509963. RESULTS: One randomized controlled trial and nine observational studies were included, comprising 1,743 patients, of whom 899 (51.5%) were submitted to TCA and 844 (48.5%) to CAA. Most patients had rectal cancer (52.2%), followed by megacolon secondary to Chagas disease (32.5%). TCA was associated with increased colon ischemia (OR 3.54; 95% CI 1.13 to 11.14; p < 0.031; I2 = 0%). There were no differences in postoperative complications classified as Clavien-Dindo ≥ IIIb, anastomotic leak, pelvic abscess, intestinal obstruction, bleeding, permanent stoma, or anastomotic stricture. In subgroup analysis of patients with cancer, TCA was associated with a reduction in anastomotic leak (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.97 p = 0.04; I2 = 34%). CONCLUSION: TCA was associated with a decrease in anastomotic leak rate in subgroups analysis of patients with cancer.

Assuntos

Anastomose Cirúrgica , Ileostomia , Neoplasias Retais , Humanos , Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodos , Ileostomia/métodos , Ileostomia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Colo/cirurgia , Canal Anal/cirurgia , Protectomia/métodos , Protectomia/efeitos adversos , Fístula Anastomótica/etiologia , Fístula Anastomótica/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant radiation and oxaliplatin-based systemic therapy (total neoadjuvant therapy-TNT) have been shown to increase response and organ-preservation rates in localized rectal cancer. However, trials have been heterogeneous regarding treatment protocols and few have used a watch-and-wait (WW) approach for complete responders. This trial evaluates if conventional long-term chemoradiation followed by consolidation of FOLFIRINOX increases complete response rates and the number of patients managed by WW. METHODS: This was a pragmatic randomized phase II trial conducted in 2 Cancer Centers in Brazil that included patients with T3+ or N+ rectal adenocarcinoma. After completing a long-course 54 Gy chemoradiation with capecitabine patients were randomized 1:1 to 4 cycles of mFOLFIRINOX (Oxaliplatin 85, irinotecan 150, 5-FU 2400)-TNT-arm-or to the control arm, that did not include further neoadjuvant treatment. All patients were re-staged with dedicated pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and sigmoidoscopy 12 weeks after the end of radiation. Patients with a clinical complete response were followed using a WW protocol. The primary endpoint was complete response: clinical complete response (cCR) or pathological response (pCR). RESULTS: Between April 2021 and June 2023, 55 patients were randomized to TNT and 53 to the control arm. Tumors were 74% stage 3, median distance from the anal verge was 6 cm, 63% had an at-risk circumferential margin, and 33% an involved sphincter. The rates of cCR + pCR were (31%) for TNT versus (17%) for controls (odds ratio 2.19, CI 95% 0.8-6.22 P = .091) and rates of WW were 16% and 9% (P = ns). Median follow-up was 8.1 months and recurrence rates were 16% versus 21% for TNT and controls (P = ns). CONCLUSIONS: TNT with consolidation FOLFIRINOX is feasible and has high response rates, consistent with the current literature for TNT. This trial was supported by a grant from the Brazilian Government (PROADI-SUS - NUP 25000.164382/2020-81).

Assuntos

Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Fluoruracila , Irinotecano , Leucovorina , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Oxaliplatina , Neoplasias Retais , Humanos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Retais/terapia , Neoplasias Retais/patologia , Terapia Neoadjuvante/métodos , Oxaliplatina/uso terapêutico , Oxaliplatina/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Fluoruracila/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Idoso , Brasil , Irinotecano/uso terapêutico , Irinotecano/administração & dosagem , Leucovorina/uso terapêutico , Leucovorina/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Quimiorradioterapia/métodos , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Conduta Expectante/estatística & dados numéricos , Resultado do Tratamento , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante/métodos , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante/estatística & dados numéricos , Capecitabina/administração & dosagem , Capecitabina/uso terapêutico , Seguimentos

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN. Las fístulas anales representan una gran afectación a la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Conocer su comportamiento clínico, epidemiológico y el manejo quirúrgico es de gran importancia para optimizar el tratamiento. OBJETIVO. Describir las características clínicas, quirúrgicas y de seguimiento en los pacientes con fístula anal intervenidos quirúrgicamente en la Unidad de Coloproctología del Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín, Quito-Ecuador, entre mayo del 2018 hasta abril de 2023. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Investigación descriptiva y observacional. Población: historias clínicas de todos los pacientes adultos (edad ≥ 18 años) con fístula anal a los que se les realizó tratamiento quirúrgico. Muestra: 159 historias que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Se utilizó la técnica de revisión documental. Se siguieron las pautas de STROBE para estudios observacionales. Se utilizaron estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales. Las pruebas χ² se aplicó a los datos categóricos, además de porcentajes y frecuencias. Se consideró significación estadística cuando p<0,05. RESULTADOS. Características clínicas: edad promedio 49,6 años. Sexo masculino (90,6%). Tipo de fístula: Interesfinterica baja (64,8%), Transesfinterica alta (9,4%). Subcutánea (8,2%), Transesfinterica baja (6,2%). Síntomas: secreción (71,1%). Tratamiento: Fistulotomía (40,9%), Fistulectomía con esfinteroplastia (13,2%), Fistulotomia con esfinteroplastia (8,2%), Seton (7,5%). Evolución: complicaciones (15,7%), recidivas (1,3%). Seguimiento: sin incontinencia fecal (73,6%), calidad de vida ≥ 4 puntos (97,5%). Factores relacionados con complicaciones: fístula compleja y técnica quirúrgica utilizada (p<0,05). DISCUSIÓN. Se evidenció una similitud entre las características de este trabajo y la literatura especializada. El tratamiento quirúrgico de elección es la fistulotomía. CONCLUSIÓN. La descripción de las características clínicas, quirúrgicas y de seguimiento de los pacientes con fístula anal en el Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín no difiere de otros reportes consultados. Con este trabajo se sientan las bases para el estudio epidemiológico de las fístulas anales en el Ecuador y, el manejo quirúrgico.

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INTRODUCTION. Anal fistulas represent a great impact on the quality of life of patients. Knowing its clinical and epidemiological behavior and surgical management is of great importance to optimize treatment. AIM. To describe the clinical, surgical, and follow-up characteristics of patients with anal fistula who underwent surgery at the Coloproctology Unit of the Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital, Quito, Ecuador, between May 2018 and April 2023. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Descriptive and observational research. Population: medical records of all adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with anal fistula who underwent surgical treatment. Sample: 159 records that met the selection criteria. The documentary review technique was used. STROBE guidelines for observational studies were followed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The χ² tests were applied to the categorical data, in addition to percentages and frequencies. Statistical significance was considered when p<0.05. RESULTS. Clinical characteristics: average age 49.6 years. Male sex (90.6%). Fistula type: Low intersphincteric (64,8%), High transsphincteric (9.4%), Subcutaneous (8.2%). Low transsphincteric (6.2%). Symptoms: secretion (71.1%). Treatment: fistulotomy (40.9%), fistulectomy with sphincteroplasty (13,2%), Fistulotomy with sphincteroplasty (8,2%), Seton (7,5%). Evolution: complications (15.7%), recurrences (1.3%). Follow-up: no fecal incontinence (73.6%), quality of life ≥ 4 points (97.5%). Factors related to complications: complex fistula and surgical technique used (p<0.05). DISCUSSION. A similarity was demonstrated between the characteristics of this research and the specialized literature. Fistulotomy is the surgical treatment of choice. CONCLUSION. The clinical, surgical, and follow- up characteristics of patients with anal fistula at the Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital do not differ from other consulted reports. This research lays the foundations for the epidemiological study of anal fistulas in Ecuador and their surgical management.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Qualidade de Vida , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Fístula do Sistema Digestório , Fístula Retal , Cirurgia Colorretal , Abscesso , Atenção Terciária à Saúde , Equador

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study is aiming to compare the results of early and late removal of urinary catheters after rectal cancer surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who undergone rectal cancer surgery in a single center were included in this prospective randomized study. The timing of the urinary catheter removal was randomized by a computer-assisted program and divided into 2 groups, which are early (first 48 h) and late (after 48 h). The primary outcome of this study was to compare the urinary retention and re-catheterization rates between patients with early and those with late catheter removal. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients were included in this study. The median age was 60 (31-88 years), and the patient group was predominantly male (n: 40, 60.9%). Urinary retention after catheter removal developed in 8 (12%) of 66 patients. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of the need for re-catheterization (14% vs. 10%, p: 0.63). All the patients who required re-catheterization (n: 8) and were discharged with a urinary catheter (n: 4) were male. When the male and female patients were evaluated separately, there was no difference in urinary retention in the early or late groups. CONCLUSIONS: Early or late removal of the catheter does not play a role in the development of urinary retention in patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery.

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OBJETIVO: Comparar los resultados de la retirada precoz y tardía de la sonda urinaria tras la cirugía de cáncer rectal. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo aleatorizado que incluyó pacientes sometidos a cirugía de cáncer rectal en un único centro. El momento de la retirada de la sonda urinaria se aleatorizó y se dividió en dos grupos: primeras 48 horas y después de 48 horas. Se compararon las tasas de retención urinaria y de nueva cateterización entre los pacientes con retirada precoz y tardía de la sonda. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 66 pacientes, con una mediana de edad de 60 años (31-88 años) y predominio del sexo masculino (n = 40, 60.9%). Se produjo retención urinaria tras la retirada de la sonda en 8 (12%). No hubo diferencias entre los dos grupos en cuanto a necesidad de nueva cateterización (14% frente a 10%, p = 0.63). Todos los pacientes que precisaron un nuevo cateterismo (n = 8) y fueron dados de alta con una sonda urinaria (n = 4) eran varones. CONCLUSIONES: La retirada precoz o tardía de la sonda no influye en la aparición de retención urinaria en pacientes intervenidos de cáncer de recto.

Assuntos

Remoção de Dispositivo , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Neoplasias Retais , Cateterismo Urinário , Cateteres Urinários , Retenção Urinária , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Retenção Urinária/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto , Cateteres Urinários/efeitos adversos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios

RESUMO

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a potentially life-threatening surgical emergency. It is a rapidly progressive infection of soft tissues, and mortality is related to the degree of sepsis and the general condition of the patient. It is a rare condition that requires a rapid diagnosis and surgical treatment is aggressive debridement. There are a small number of reported cases of perforation of a rectal malignancy leading to NF of the thigh. We present a case with rectal cancer in which the sciatic foramen had provided a channel for the spread of pelvic infection into the thigh.

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La fascitis necrotizante es una emergencia quirúrgica potencialmente mortal. Es una infección de tejidos blandos rápidamente progresiva y la mortalidad está relacionada con el grado de sepsis y el estado general del paciente. Es una condición poco común que requiere un diagnóstico rápido, y el tratamiento quirúrgico consiste en un desbridamiento agresivo. Existe un pequeño número de casos notificados de perforación de neoplasia maligna de recto que conduce a fascitis necrotizante del muslo. Presentamos un caso de cáncer de recto en el cual el foramen ciático fue el canal para la propagación de la infección pélvica al muslo.

Assuntos

Fasciite Necrosante , Perfuração Intestinal , Neoplasias Retais , Coxa da Perna , Humanos , Fasciite Necrosante/etiologia , Fasciite Necrosante/cirurgia , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Retais/complicações , Perfuração Intestinal/etiologia , Perfuração Intestinal/cirurgia , Masculino , Desbridamento , Adenocarcinoma/complicações , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nervo Isquiático/lesões , Infecção Pélvica/etiologia

RESUMO

Introducción: El prolapso rectal es una entidad clínica poco frecuente, habitualmente acompañada de otras alteraciones del piso pélvico, con un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida. Existen pocos modelos de calidad de vida adaptados a nuestra realidad. Uno de ellos es el EQ-D5, adaptada por Olivares-Tirado. Objetivos: evaluar la calidad de vida y los resultados funcionales de la cirugía de prolapso entre 2015 y 2021 y correlacionarlos con las distintas técnicas abdominales. Material y Métodos: Este es un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, transversal y de cohorte. Se pesquisaron 84 pacientes, se incluyeron 59. Para el análisis de la calidad de vida se utilizó la Encuesta EQ-D5. Para complementar el estudio se midió el Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score y el Constipation Scoring System. Resultados: Hubo cambios significativos en todas las encuestas aplicadas a la mejoría en pre y postoperatorio, sin existir diferencias entre técnicas quirúrgicas, pero con menor índice de estadía postoperatoria en el grupo laparoscópico. Discusión: Existe una mejoría en la calidad de vida postoperatoria que se refleja en los índices obtenidos, independiente de la técnica quirúrgica, no obstante, esta se ve atenuada en pacientes recidivados, lo que se relaciona con la literatura, también sin encontrar diferencias entre las técnicas. Existe menos constipación postoperatoria en la técnica de rectopexia ventral. Conclusiones: Existe mejoría en la calidad de vida independiente de la técnica quirúrgica, sin cambios en pacientes recidivados. Ante ello, se debiera elegir la técnica más rápida y sencilla para el manejo, idealmente laparoscópica.

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Background: Rectal prolapse is a rare clinical entity, usually accompanied by other pelvic floor disorders, with a negative impact on quality of life. There are few models of quality of life adapted to our reality. One of them is the EQ-D5, adapted by Olivares-Tirado. Objectives: To evaluate the quality of life and functional outcomes of rectal prolapse surgery between 2015 and 2021 and correlate them with the different abdominal techniques. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional and cohort study. A total of 84 patients were screened, 59 were included. The EQ-D5 Survey was used for the analysis of quality of life. To complement the study, the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score and the Constipation Scoring System were measured. Results: There were significant changes in all surveys applied to pre- and postoperative improvement, with no differences between surgical techniques, but with a lower rate of postoperative stay in the laparoscopic group. Discussion: There is an improvement in the postoperative quality of life that is reflected in the indices obtained, independent of the surgical technique, however, this is attenuated in recidivated patients, which is related to the literature, also without finding differences between the techniques. There is less postoperative constipation in the ventral rectopexy technique. Conclusions: There is improvement in the quality of life independent of the surgical technique, without changes in relapsed patients. Perhaps the fastest and easiest technique for handling should be chosen, ideally laparoscopic.