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Background: Family is a crucial social institution in end-of-life care. Family caregivers are encouraged to take on more responsibility at different times during the illness, providing personal and medical care. Unpaid work can be overburdening, with women often spending more time in care work than men. Objectives: This study explored multiple views on the family's role in end-of-life care from a critical perspective and a relational autonomy lens, considering gender in a socio-cultural context and applying a relational autonomy framework. It explored patients, relatives and healthcare providers' points of view. Design: This qualitative study was part of the iLIVE project, involving patients with incurable diseases, their relatives and health carers from hospital and non-hospital sites. Methods: Individual interviews of at least five patients, five relatives and five healthcare providers in each of the 10 participating countries using a semi-structured interview guide based on Giger-Davidhizar-Haff's model for cultural assessment in end-of-life care. Thematic analysis was performed initially within each country and across the complete dataset. Data sources, including researchers' field notes, were translated into English for international collaborative analysis. Results: We conducted 158 interviews (57 patients, 48 relatives and 53 healthcare providers). After collaborative analysis, five themes were identified across the countries: family as a finite care resource, families' active role in decision-making, open communication with the family, care burden and socio-cultural mandates. Families were crucial for providing informal care during severe illness, often acting as the only resource. Patients acknowledged the strain on carers, leading to a conceptual model highlighting socio-cultural influences, relational autonomy, care burden and feminisation of care. Conclusion: Society, health teams and family systems still need to better support the role of family caregivers described across countries. The model implies that family roles in end-of-life care balance relational autonomy with socio-cultural values. Real-world end-of-life scenarios do not occur in a wholly individualistic, closed-off atmosphere but in an interpersonal setting. Gender is often prominent, but normative ideas influence the decisions and actions of all involved.

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Costa Rica prohibits abortion except under narrow circumstances to save the pregnant person's life. The country boasts historically strong support for social policy and human rights, while also presenting a complex and restrictive abortion access landscape. From September 2021 to March 2022, we conducted 23 interviews with obstetrician-gynecologist (OB/GYN) physicians, OB/GYN medical residents, and policy stakeholders to explore the socio-ecological influences on abortion access in Costa Rica. We sampled clinicians and policy stakeholders from the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas listserv through snowball sampling and conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews in Spanish. We identified limited access to comprehensive sexual health education, lack of support from interpersonal networks, inadequate provider knowledge and training, financial and migratory status, and both provider and community stigma as substantial barriers to abortion access. This study addresses a gap in published research around the social determinants of abortion in Costa Rica and sheds light on the attitudes and opinions of the medical and policy stakeholder communities about abortion access. The results highlight the need for expanded access to comprehensive sexual health education, abortion-related training for healthcare providers, and increased programming efforts, such as funding, outreach, and implementation, to ensure comprehensive reproductive health services are available and accessible, especially for vulnerable populations in Costa Rica.

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Resumo O cateter vesical de longa permanência pode ser indicado em situações clínicas, como nas doenças crônicas do sistema genitourinário ou neurológico. Além dos riscos de infecção, traumas e sangramentos, a permanência do cateter pode afetar dimensões psicoemocionais e socioeconômicas. Objetivamos compreender como a necessidade de uso do cateter urinário por um longo prazo afeta a autopercepção, as interrelações e o autocuidado deste paciente. Realizamos um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, a partir da entrevista de 17 pacientes, e aplicamos a análise temática e o pensamento complexo. Os diferentes prognósticos e as expectativas em relação ao cateter influenciaram a autopercepção, a adaptação, sua aceitação ou negação. A presença do cateter, seja como medida curativa ou para conforto, pode afetar a autoimagem e a sexualidade, gerar inseguranças e incertezas, que requerem compreensão da multidimensionalidade das situações, que sofrem interferências do meio pessoal, familiar e social, bem como da capacidade dos sistemas de saúde para o seu enfrentamento. Apesar dos desafios, a maioria dos participantes relatou disposição favorável para o autocuidado, seja para viabilizar retirada do cateter, ou para prevenir agravos em indicações vitalícias.

Abstract A long-term indwelling catheter may be indicated in clinical situations, such as chronic diseases of the genitourinary or neurological systems. In addition to the risks of infection, trauma, and bleeding, a catheter's permanence can affect psycho-emotional and socioeconomic dimensions. We aimed to understand how the need to use a long-term indwelling catheter affects this patient's self-perception, interrelationships, and self-care. We carried out a qualitative, descriptive study based on interviews with 17 patients, and applied thematic analysis and complex thinking. The different prognoses and expectations regarding the catheter influenced self-perception, adaptation, acceptance, or denial. The presence of a catheter, whether as a curative measure or for comfort, can affect self-image and sexuality, and generate insecurities and uncertainties, which require understanding the multidimensionality of situations that suffer interference from the personal, family, and social environment, as well as health systems' capacity to deal with it. Despite the challenges, the majority of participants reported a favorable disposition towards self-care, whether to enable catheter removal or to prevent injuries in lifelong indications.

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BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) infectiousness decreases significantly with only a few days of treatment, but delayed diagnosis often leads to late treatment initiation. We conducted a sequential explanatory mixed methods study to understand the barriers and facilitators to prompt diagnosis among people with TB. METHODS: We enrolled 100 adults who started TB treatment in the Carabayllo district of Lima, Peru, between November 2020 and February 2022 and administered a survey about their symptoms and healthcare encounters. We calculated total diagnostic delay as time from symptom onset to diagnosis. We conducted semi-structured interviews of 26 participants who had a range of delays investigating their experience navigating the health system. Interview transcripts were inductively coded for concepts related to diagnostic barriers and facilitators. RESULTS: Overall, 38% of participants sought care first from public facilities and 42% from the private sector. Only 14% reported being diagnosed with TB on their first visit, and participants visited a median of 3 (interquartile range [IQR] health facilities before diagnosis. The median total diagnostic delay was 9 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 4-22), with a median of 4 weeks (IQR 0-9) before contact with the health system and of 3 weeks (IQR 0-9) after. Barriers to prompt diagnosis included participants attributing their symptoms to an alternative cause or having misconceptions about TB, and leading them to postpone seeking care. Once connected to care, variations in clinical management, health facility resource limitations, and lack of formal referral processes contributed to the need for multiple healthcare visits before obtaining a diagnosis. Facilitators to prompt diagnosis included knowing someone with TB, supportive friends and family, referral documents, and seeing a pulmonologist. CONCLUSIONS: Misinformation about TB among people with TB and providers, poor accessibility of health services, and the need for multiple encounters to obtain diagnostic tests were major factors leading to delays. Extending the hours of operation of public health facilities, improving community awareness and provider training, and creating a formal referral process between the public and private sectors should be priorities in the efforts to combat TB.

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Given Colombia's status as a middle-income country with healthcare challenges, leveraging telemedicine could significantly benefit hard-to-reach regions, under-resourced and underserved communities. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the country's telerehabilitation landscape, exploring the clinicians' and patients' perspectives during the COVID-19 pandemic through systematic review and qualitative analysis. Sixteen therapists and three patients were identified via snowball sampling. The literature review was scarce and scattered across various topics in the country; some studies delved into specific aspects like legislative frameworks and patient outcomes from different medical specialties. The qualitative analysis demonstrates that despite the learning curve, telerehabilitation strengthens therapeutic support, enhances patient autonomy, fosters a positive patient-provider relationship, achieves treatment goals, promotes family involvement, reduces time and costs, and ensures continuity of therapy services. This study identified research gaps, challenges, and opportunities in telerehabilitation in a Latin American country. Adopting telemedicine technologies in low- and middle-income countries could significantly enhance their healthcare systems.

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PURPOSE: To examine the burden of treatment (BoT) experienced by people with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in Argentina. METHODS: Qualitative methodological design based on semi-structured interviews. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted (PwALS = 7, informal caregivers= 12). The interview guides were designed based on the literature and BoT theory. Data were analysed following a framework analysis approach. RESULTS: The research highlighted the arduous journey toward obtaining a diagnosis, marked by delays influenced by healthcare system inefficiencies, lack of disease awareness and pandemic-related anxiety. Receiving the diagnosis was a destabilising experience, triggering the need to reframe self-identity, a new reality. As the disease progressed, patients encountered significant challenges in their daily activities and basic tasks, affecting their ability to work, communicate, and manage personal care. The burden extended beyond the patients to their primary caregivers. Access to specialised care, bureaucratic complexities in securing treatment, and the financial impact of managing the disease posed substantial challenges. CONCLUSION: The findings offer valuable insights into the experiences of PwALS and their caregivers in Argentina. They underscore the need for increased disease awareness, improved access to specialised care, and enhanced support networks to alleviate the burdens PwALS and their families face.

Streamlined pathways for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Argentina are necessary to ensure timely access to comprehensive support and interventions, laying the foundation for holistic rehabilitation.There is a need to encourage clear communication between healthcare providers and patients to establish ongoing dialogue incorporating emotional, social, and psychological aspects into rehabilitation, aligning with patient-centric approaches.There is a need to develop and implement adaptive rehabilitation strategies to sustain independence and enhance quality of life for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, addressing the physical, emotional, and social implications of the disease's progression.Rehabilitation professionals should advocate for systemic improvements to ensure equitable access to therapies and support alleviate financial burdens, enabling a comprehensive, patient-focused approach to rehabilitation.

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BACKGROUND: The first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on health systems and health professionals, due to the high number of cases and a lack of preparation. The aim of this study was to understand how nurses working in hospital units and in intensive care perceived the performance of nurse managers and senior hospital management during the first two waves of the pandemic. METHODS: The phenomenological approach proposed by Giorgi was used to investigate perceptions of the performance of nurse managers and senior hospital management during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Fourteen clinical nurses who worked on the front line in inpatient units or intensive care units of the Health Services of Extremadura and Madrid in the first (March-April 2020) and second (October-November 2020) waves of the COVID-19 pandemic participated in this study. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, following a script of themes, in a theoretical sample of nurses who were worked during the pandemic. RESULTS: Two main themes emerged from the analysis of the data: (1) perceptions about the performance of nurse managers and senior hospital managers during the first and second waves of the pandemic (health system failure; belief that senior hospital management professionals could have managed the pandemic better; recognizing the efforts of middle management (nursing supervisors); insufficient institutional support) and (2) strategies employed by nurses to compensate for the weaknesses in pandemic management. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical nurses perceived that the nurse managers demonstrated better management of the pandemic than the hospital's senior management, which they attribute to their proximity, empathy, accessibility, and ability to mediate between them and the senior management. The nurses also believe that the senior management of the hospitals was to blame for organisational failures and the poor management of the pandemic.

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BACKGROUND: Social reintegration relies on the support given to prisoners not only during their reentry into society but also throughout their imprisonment. Our goal was to analyze the expectations reported by cisgender and transgender women returning to society and of the justice and social welfare professionals from the Brazilian prison system. METHODS: A qualitative analysis using saturation sampling was conducted. The participants were selected through a non-probabilistic sampling technique. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with professionals involved in the management of the prison system and female former inmates. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using an open and focused coding process. Textual data was stored, organized, and coded using Atlas software according to emerging themes. RESULTS: The study involved 15 professionals and 13 female former inmates, five of them identified as transgender women. Among the professionals, the age range went from 38 to 65 years old; they reported a work history in their respective fields, from 10 to 35 years, with an equal distribution across genders. As for the female former inmates, their ages ranged from 24 to 42 years old, and the most reported crime was drug trafficking. Their incarceration time varied from 1 to 8 years. Female inmates were vulnerable to abuse and violence, including physical, sexual, and emotional violence. Women in situations of prior vulnerability faced additional challenges during their sentences. Transgender women were even more neglected and discriminated against by the system. Despite the professionals being aware and concerned about vulnerabilities and the need to improve the reintegration process, in general, they were not sensitive to the gender perspective. There were no specific policies able to support social integration for this public. CONCLUSIONS: Data showed multifaceted challenges faced by female former inmates within the Brazilian prison system, highlighting the insufficient policies for both cisgender and transgender women. Additionally, the results revealed a lack of sensitivity among professionals regarding gender issues and their particularities in the prison system and social reintegration. These findings emphasize the need for a more comprehensive and intersectional approach that addresses the diverse socio-economic backgrounds of these individuals.

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Abstract: This article deals with the particularities of the quality of qualitative research, under the double lens of valuing it and ensuring it. While achieving the quality of qualitative research concerns only those who have opted for this methodology, assessing it is everyone's business because researchers in training will encounter, in the literature reviews, qualitative studies on which they must reflect and estimate their quality. Appreciating the quality of a research work is a complex activity as it is situated within a context and conducted by individuals who use any of the means available to do so. The means they use are criteria as evaluation guides and criteria checklists. For researchers in training, I suggest some guiding criteria to evaluate qualitative publications and ensure quality during the research process, key issues that they must address.

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Abstract: This article aims to reflect on scientific validation strategies in qualitative research in the light of translational theory in nursing. It is a reflection based on translational theory applied to nursing in strategies for validating qualitative studies. From this angle, validation is recognized as an adaptable construct, capable of eliciting/favoring an understanding of the subjectivity of the target audience in its relationship with the object of interest/study/research. The potential for advancing the science-profession lies in the interdisciplinary confluence of validation mechanisms, qualitative studies, the translational perspective, and nursing research. This confluence has the capacity to extend beyond theoretical and epistemological aspects. However, it is crucial to emphasize its profound, expressive, and relevant impact on the construction of scientific evidence. This impact aims to enhance the rigor and reliability of qualitative research, thereby bolstering its credibility and applicability in clinical practice.

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Esta pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, procura compreender os movimentos de avanços e recuos pelos quais as políticas de saúde mental de Santo André (SP) passaram recentemente, época na qual a visão da Reforma Psiquiátrica e da sua contrarreforma se conflitaram. Seguindo essa proposta, após revisão de literatura na qual se reflete sobre as disputas em torno do conceito de saúde mental, a trajetória histórica dessas políticas no Brasil e no município, foram realizadas três entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais da área que atuam na região: a tomadora de decisão, um gerente de equipamento e um trabalhador de ponta. Tais entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e divididas em eixos de análise, dos quais extraiu-se que, de forma geral, tanto do ponto de vista federal quanto estadual, houve ataques à Reforma Psiquiátrica e às políticas dela oriundas, seja pela falta de financiamento, seja pela promoção de outras perspectivas de mundo a respeito do significado do adoecimento mental e sua forma de tratamento e que acabou por afetar o andamento dos serviços a nível local, cujo sucateamento só não foi maior pelo apoio do Executivo do município, dos trabalhadores e do próprio histórico de construção dos serviços.

This qualitative research seeks to understand the advance and setback dynamics that public mental health policies in Santo André city, São Paulo, have recently undergone, a time in which Psychiatric Reform and its counter-reform conflicted. After a literature review on the disputes surrounding the concept of mental health, the historical trajectory of these policies in Brazil and in the municipality, we conducted three semi-structured interviews with professionals in the field: a policy decision-maker, an equipment manager and a frontline worker. These interviews were recorded, transcribed in full and divided into axes of analysis. Results showed that both from a federal and state government point of view, there were attacks on the Psychiatric Reform and its policies whether due to lack of funding or promotion of other worldviews regarding the meaning of mental illness and its treatment which affected the progress of services at the local level, the scrapping of which was only mitigated by the support of the municipality's Executive, workers and the service's construction history.

Esta investigación cualitativa buscó comprender los movimientos de avances y retrocesos que las políticas públicas de salud mental han experimentado recientemente en Santo André (São Paulo, Brasil), un momento en el que la visión de la reforma psiquiátrica y su contrarreforma entraron en conflicto. En esta propuesta, luego de una revisión de la literatura que reflexiona sobre las disputas en torno al concepto de salud mental, la trayectoria histórica de esas políticas en Brasil y en el municipio, se realizaron tres entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesionales del área que actúan en el región: el tomador de decisiones, un administrador de equipos y un trabajador de primera línea. Estas entrevistas fueron grabadas para su posterior transcripción y división en ejes de análisis; de los cuales se concluyó que, en general, tanto desde el punto de vista federal como estatal hubo ataques a la reforma psiquiátrica y las políticas que de ella se derivan, ya sea por falta de financiación o por la promoción de otras miradas sobre el significado de la enfermedad mental y su forma de tratamiento, lo que terminó afectando la marcha de los servicios a nivel local, cuyo desguace solo se vio agravado por el apoyo del Ejecutivo del municipio, de los trabajadores y del propio historial de construcción del servicio.

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This paper undertakes an analysis and discussion of the methodological challenges and insights derived from three longitudinal qualitative studies, all conducted in Chile during the COVID-19 pandemic and subject to comprehensive theoretical-methodological reflection processes centred on their respective designs. This analysis makes a significant contribution to interdisciplinary discussions within social research, with a particular emphasis on longitudinal trajectories. First, we present a comparative analysis of three studies in social work, utilising Saldaña's questions addressing changes and learning in longitudinal studies. The first study explores the labour trajectories of researchers, the second focuses on the educational trajectories of students, and the last examines therapeutic alliance trajectories between social workers and families within the child protection system. Following this, we delve into the methodological decisions made by the research group during the execution of these longitudinal studies. This encompasses an examination of participant involvement, temporal definitions of the adopted designs, and the most suitable methodological tools for analysing change processes over time. The outcomes of this comparative analysis reveal the distinctive characteristics of the three longitudinal studies, providing insights into how the time dimension is explored within them. We highlight key criteria essential for consideration in longitudinal qualitative research, particularly regarding participants and methodology. In conclusion, we advocate for an expanded reflection within the realm of longitudinal qualitative methodology, encompassing aspects such as design choices, approaches to data analysis, integration of technology in information processing, and strategies for maintaining participant engagement.

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OBJECTIVE: To explore racially minoritized families' perceptions on how, and if, physicians should address children's racial identity and concepts of racism within clinical settings. STUDY DESIGN: Parents of racially minoritized children, ages 5 through 18, were interviewed to explore experiences with racial identity formation, discrimination, and the extent to which they wanted pediatricians to address these topics. Children were included at the discretion of their parents. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed through a critical race theory lens based in constructivist grounded theory. RESULTS: Parents encouraged their children to embrace their racial identities but also wanted to shield them from negative experiences of racism to preserve identity safety. Parents felt pediatricians should address racial issues in a manner specific to their child's situation. Thoughtful inclusion of race-related questions, whether in discussion or on questionnaires, is essential to prevent tension in a therapeutic relationship. There was no consensus on the use of preclinical screening. Instead, families highlighted the importance of embracing humility, trust, and respect. CONCLUSIONS: Participant families have preferences for approaches to address the effects of racism on their children's health. Pediatricians should understand the importance of identity safety and approach their discussions with cultural humility, which includes self-reflection, empathy, active listening, and flexible negotiation. Above all, pediatricians need to create a safe environment for appropriate discussion of these issues.

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Resumen Objetivos: comprender el significado que la rotación de Atención Primaria en Salud tuvo para los médicos internos en formación del último año de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia. Metodología: se realizó un estudio hermenéutico que aplicó técnicas de la teoría fundamentada. La fuente de información estuvo conformada por 100 ensayos realizados por los estudiantes tras la rotación en su internado entre 2011 y 2016. Con codificación abierta se obtuvieron 1837 códigos, los cuales se agruparon en 18 categorías descriptivas y se identificaron 158 dimensiones con sus respectivas propiedades. Posteriormente, se construyó una categoría analítica con la matriz paradigmática propia de la teoría fundamentada. Resultados: enfrentarse a la realidad del ejercicio médico en un primer nivel de atención durante la rotación de Atención Primaria en Salud, marcó un antes y un después desde lo personal y profesional en los estudiantes de Medicina de una Universidad Pública de Medellín, llevándolos a aterrizar abruptamente en el complejo contexto del país y a tomar una postura en su quehacer como médicos, ya que su formación previa fue principalmente en hospitales de alta complejidad. Conclusión: la rotación de Atención Primaria en Salud expone a los estudiantes a los problemas sociales, las necesidades de la población colombiana y la crisis del sistema de salud. Esto los obliga a reflexionar acerca de quiénes son y qué tipo de médicos quieren ser. Esta rotación se convierte, además, en una oportunidad para afianzar conocimientos, explorar sentimientos y reconocer que la medicina también debe abordar los problemas del alma.

Abstract Objective: to understand the meanings that the Primary Health Care rotation had for the interns from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Antioquia during their last year of training. Methodology: a hermeneutical study was conducted using techniques from grounded theory. Information was obtained from 100 essays written by the students after having finished their rotations during an internship period between 2011 and 2016. A total of 1837 codes resulted from the open coding process; these were grouped into 18 descriptive categories, and 158 dimensions were identified along with their respective properties. Subsequently, an analytical category was built using a paradigm matrix, which is typical of grounded theory. Results: facing the reality of the medical profession at a first-level institution during their Primary Health Care rotation was a personal and professional milestone for these students from a public university of Medellín city. Their rotations suddenly connected them with Colombia›s complex context, thus forcing them to take a stance regarding their day-to-day work. This contrasts with their previous training, which took place at high level hospitals for the most part. Conclusion: Primary Health Care rotations expose students to the social problems of the Colombian population, its needs and the crisis of the healthcare system. This in turn forces them to reflect on who they are and what kind of doctors they want to become. The rotations also provide an opportunity to strengthen their knowledge, explore their feelings and understand that medicine should also approach the issues of the soul.

Resumo Objetivo: Compreender o significado que o rodízio da Atenção Primária à Saúde representou para os médicos em formação no último ano da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Antioquia. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo hermenêutico com aplicação de técnicas da teoria fundamentada. A fonte de informação foram 100 ensaios realizados pelos estudantes após o rodízio no seu internato entre os anos 2011 e 2016. Com codificação aberta obtiveram-se 1837 códigos, que foram agrupados em 18 categorias descritivas e foram identificadas 158 dimensões com as suas respectivas propriedades. Posteriormente, foi construída uma categoria analítica com a matriz paradigmática própria da teoria fundamentada. Resultados: Encarar a realidade da prática médica em um primeiro nível de atenção durante o rodízio de Atenção Primária à Saúde, representou um antes e um depois no plano pessoal e profissional nos estudantes de Medicina de uma universidade pública de Medellín, levando-os a aterrissarem abruptamente no complexo contexto do país e a tomarem uma posição no seu ofício de médicos, pois a sua formação prévia foi principalmente em hospitais de alta complexidade. Conclusão: O rodízio de APS expõe os estudantes aos problemas sociais, às necessidades da população colombiana e à crise do sistema de saúde. Isso exige deles uma reflexão sobre quem eles são e o tipo de médicos que eles desejam ser. Este rodízio torna-se, aliás, em uma oportunidade para fortalecerem conhecimentos, explorarem sentimentos e reconhecerem que a medicina também deve abordar os problemas da alma.

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Introducción: la rehabilitación respiratoria (RR) se recomienda en pacientes con fibrosis quística (FQ). Durante la pandemia de COVID-19 los programas de RR debieron cerrarse o migrar a modalidades de telerehabilitación, imponiendo nuevos desafíos a pacientes y equipos de salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las percepciones de pacientes, padres y profesionales sobre la transición a la telerehabilitación respiratoria durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio cualitativo. Se consideraron pacientes con FQ mayores de 8 años. También a padres y equipos de salud. El tamaño muestral se determinó mediante saturación teórica. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales vía Zoom. El análisis de datos se realizó mediante los métodos de codificación abierta y axial. El análisis se realizó utilizando el software Atlas. Ti 7.5.7. Resultados: se incluyó a 4 pacientes adultos, 1 pediátrico y 2 padres, además de 4 profesionales de equipos de salud. Existió una percepción general positiva respecto a la RR y la telerehabilitación. Entre las barreras destacó la falta de equipamiento para la telerehabilitación en domicilio y la organización diaria de los pacientes. Entre los facilitadores destacó la disponibilidad de equipos y redes que permitieran la conectividad y el apoyo familiar. Existió una valoración positiva hacia la continuidad de la telerehabilitación en la etapa post pandémica. Conclusiones: la telerehabilitación fue percibida como una alternativa viable y efectiva, sin embargo, aspectos de la conectividad, disponibilidad de equipamiento y la rutina diaria de los pacientes debe ser considerada a la hora de implementar modalidades telemáticas de atención.

Introduction: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended in patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). During the COVID-19 pandemic, PR programs had to migrate to telerehabilitation modalities, imposing new challenges for patients and health teams. The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions of patients, parents, and professionals regarding the transition to respiratory telerehabilitation experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Qualitative study. Parents and health teams were included in the case of patients with CF over eight years old. Theoretical saturation determined the sample size. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted using the Zoom platform. Data analysis was carried out using open and axial coding methods. The analysis was performed using Atlas Ti software 7.5.7. Results: Four adult patients, one pediatric patient, two parents, and four health team professionals entered the study. There was a positive perception regarding PR and telerehabilitation. Among the barriers, the lack of equipment for telerehabilitation at home and the daily organization of patients stood out. Among the facilitators, the availability of equipment and networks that allowed connectivity and family support stood out. Patients rated the continuity of telerehabilitation in the post-pandemic stage positively. Conclusions: Telerehabilitation was perceived as a viable and effective alternative; however, aspects related to connectivity, availability of equipment, and the daily routine of patients must be considered when implementing telematics care modalities.

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Introdução: A aprovação na Assembleia da República, em dezembro de 2021, da lei aplicável à Gestação de Substituição, suscita a reflexão acerca dos aspetos práticos em que o regime se concretizará e das orientações necessárias para os profissionais de saúde envolvidos. Por esse motivo, foram definidos como objetivos: analisar um conjunto de recomendações para a prática clínica no âmbito da Gestação de Substituição em países com experiência no procedimento e promover uma discussão com peritos na área da Procriação Medicamente Assistida. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada uma análise documental das publicações e documentos oficiais sobre o tema que serviu de base para o estudo de desenho qualitativo baseado em grupos focais com diferentes profissionais -médicos e psicólogos- com experiência em Procriação Medicamente Assistida. A discussão foi concretizada através de sessões via Zoom®, realizadas separadamente com os dois grupos focais. Resultados: Na discussão os peritos fizeram as suas apreciações e propostas de melhoria em relação à versão inicial do documento resultante da análise documental. Conclusão: Obteve-se uma versão consolidada do conjunto de orientações para os profissionais de saúde com as dimensões a avaliar e acompanhar junto da gestante e parte beneficiária na Gestação de Substituição.

Introducción : La aprobación por el Parlamento portugués, en diciembre de 2021, de la ley aplicable a la Gestación Subrogada, plantea la reflexión sobre los aspectos prácticos en los que se implementará el esquema y las directrices necesarias para los profesionales de la salud involucrados. Por este motivo, se definieron los siguientes objetivos: analizar un conjunto de recomendaciones para la práctica clínica en el ámbito de la gestación subrogada en países con experiencia en el procedimiento y promover un debate con expertos en el campo de la Reproducción Médicamente Asistida. Material y Métodos : Se realizó un análisis documental de publicaciones y documentos oficiales sobre el tema, que sirvió de base para el estudio de diseño cualitativo basado en focus group con diferentes profesionales -médicos y psicólogos- con experiencia en Reproducción Médicamente Asistida. La discusión se realizó a través de sesiones via Zoom®, celebradas por separado con los dos focus group. Resultados : En la discusión, los expertos realizaron sus apreciaciones y propuestas de mejora respecto a la versión inicial del documento resultante del análisis documental. Conclusión : Se obtuvo una versión consolidada del conjunto de directrices para los profesionales de la salud con las dimensiones para evaluar y dar seguimiento a la madre sustituta y a los beneficiarios en la Gestación Subrogada.

Introduction: The approval by the Portuguese Parliament, in December 2021, of the law applicable to Surrogate Pregnancy, raises reflection on the practical aspects in which the scheme will be implemented and the necessary guidelines for health professionals involved. For this reason, the following objectives were defined: to analyze a set of recommendations for clinical practice in surrogacy in countries with experience in the procedure and to promote a discussion with experts in Medically Assisted Reproduction. Material and Methods: A documental analysis of publications and official documents on the theme was conducted. This served as a basis for the qualitative design study based on focus groups with different professionals -physicians, and psychologists- with experience in Medically Assisted Reproduction. The discussion was realized through sessions via Zoom®, held separately with the two focus groups. Results : In the debate, the experts made their appreciation and proposals for improvement concerning the initial version of the document resulting from the document analysis. Conclusion : A consolidated version of the set of guidelines for health professionals was obtained with the dimensions to evaluate and follow up with the surrogate and beneficiaries in Surrogacy.

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Resumo O artigo trata do interesse do campo científico em sistematizar a práxis investigativa cogestora em cenário de emergência sanitária a partir da análise de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa multicêntrica, valendo-se do referencial da pesquisa-apoio e da análise da hermenêutica critica. Como resultados, identificou-se que a elaboração de um guia-mapa contribuiu como documento norteador, com o objetivo de organizar diferentes técnicas para a preparação e formação dos pesquisadores de campo, também como instrumento de análise dos dados. A formação de pesquisadores para o referencial teórico da pesquisa-apoio, assim como a cogestão e a implicação deles nas diferentes etapas da pesquisa, mostrou-se como diferencial para produção de sujeitos e coletivos com a práxis investigativa, permitindo a troca dialógica dentre coordenadores e pesquisadores e o compartilhamento regular dos resultados. Conclui-se que a forma como a metodologia foi proposta possibilitou a ampliação da capacidade reflexiva e de compreensão sobre a realidade, contribuindo para a formação de pesquisadores como sujeitos ativos e críticos no processo de coleta, análise e discussão dos dados, incentivando a atuação sensível e atenta ao mesmo tempo em que buscou identificar as particularidades de cada contexto.

Abstract This article deals with the interest of the scientific field in systematizing the co-management investigative praxis, in a health emergency scenario, based on the analysis of a research with a multicentric qualitative approach, using the framework of the Support Research and the analysis of critical hermeneutics. As a result, it was identified that the creation of a map guide contributed as a guiding document, aiming at organizing different techniques for the organization and formation of field researchers, as well as an instrument of data analysis. The training of researchers for the theoretical framework of Support Research, as well as their co-management and involvement in the different stages of research, proved to be a differential for the production of subjects and collectives with investigative praxis, allowing a dialogic exchange between coordinators and researchers and regular sharing of the results. It is concluded that the way in which the methodology was proposed, allowed the expansion of the reflective capacity and understanding of reality, contributing to the formation of researchers as active and critical subjects in the process of data collection, analysis and discussion, encouraging sensitive and attentive actions while seeking to identify the particularities of each context.

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Background/Objectives: Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is a chronic degenerative rheumatic disease. Because of its chronic nature, it significantly affects the quality of life of those who suffer from it. Methods: This qualitative study investigated disease experience among women suffering from SS to understand its impact on their overall well-being. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 women who suffer from SS. Interviews were analyzed using the Grounded Theory methodology, using open, axial, and selective coding. Results: Three central phenomena of disease experience were identified: invisibility; uncontrollability; and unpredictability. Conclusions: SS disease experience has a strong imprint on emotional well-being and sense of self-control among middle-aged women. Understanding SS impacts on women's lives is important to better understand the disease and contribute to recognizing potential areas of management and social support in relevant windows of opportunity within the health-disease continuum.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has raised a wide range of challenges for qualitative researchers, especially when most of the world was facing isolation during the first wave in 2020. The scientific literature rapidly raised discussion regarding data collection adaptation for remote inquiry and ethical dilemmas. However, it is still necessary to discuss the implications of running qualitative studies as a researcher immersed in a global emergency, precisely when the researchers themselves are involved in this context. To what extent, or in what way, can being fully immersed in this context influence all phases of the research? What is the role of reflexivity in this context? We proposed a new discussion based on the study we performed remotely in 2020, among infected pregnant women, using concepts of the Freudian feeling of uncanny to explore the life experience of the researcher. We also considered the concept of the discourse of the master from Jacques Lacan to debate the researchers' position during the pandemic and to bring practical implications.

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Although evidence of the benefits of breastfeeding is widespread, there are several challenges to initiate and sustain it. Infant formula companies use marketing strategies that violate existing regulations, contributing to its early abandonment. We explore the digital marketing exposure of infant formulas in Argentina by analyzing people's interactions with brands and the traces of these interactions in conversations engaged in Facebook groups during 2022, from a qualitative approach based on digital ethnography. Results show that companies deploy regulatory avoidance tactics and seek contact with mothers. Users do not interact with the accounts but are exposed to their strategies given the correlation between product attributes present in advertising with their motivations and aspirations. The mediators between marketing and mothers are medical professionals, used as marketing resources. We conclude that authorities should promote new agreements on the practices of medical professionals and develop regulations taking into account digital environments.

Si bien es extendida la evidencia de los beneficios de la lactancia materna, diversos son los desafíos para iniciarla y sostenerla. Las empresas productoras de fórmulas infantiles utilizan estrategias de marketing violatorias de las regulaciones existentes, contribuyendo a su temprano abandono. Exploramos la exposición al marketing digital de las fórmulas infantiles en Argentina mediante el análisis de las interacciones de la población con las marcas y las huellas de dichas interacciones en conversaciones entabladas en grupos de Facebook durante 2022, desde un enfoque cualitativo basado en la etnografía digital. Los resultados muestran que las empresas despliegan tácticas elusivas de las regulaciones y buscan el contacto con las madres. Las usuarias no interactúan con las cuentas, pero están expuestas a sus estrategias dado el correlato entre los atributos del producto presentes en la publicidad con sus motivaciones y aspiraciones. Los mediadores entre el marketing y las madres son los profesionales médicos, utilizados como recursos del marketing. Concluimos que las autoridades deben promover nuevos acuerdos sobre las prácticas de los profesionales médicos y desarrollar regulaciones teniendo en cuenta los entornos digitales.

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