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1.
Br J Clin Pharmacol ; 2024 Sep 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39313221

RESUMO

AIM: This study aimed to examine the cardiac and overall safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of soticlestat (TAK-935), an oral, first-in-class selective cholesterol 24-hydroxylase inhibitor. METHODS: Data came from a randomised, phase 1 study of soticlestat in 33 healthy Japanese adults (NCT04461483); 24 adults in Part 1 (single-dose soticlestat 200-1200 mg or placebo) and 9 in Part 2 (soticlestat 100-300 mg twice daily or placebo for 21 days). PK sample collection was paired with 12-lead electrocardiogram data from continuous Holter recordings. The concentration-QTc relationship was analysed using a linear mixed-effects model. QTc prolongation safety margins were determined for two scenarios of calculated high clinical exposures: scenario 1 (NCT05064449) involved coadministration of single-dose soticlestat 300 mg with itraconazole or mefenamic acid and scenario 2 (NCT05098054) involved single-dose soticlestat 300 mg administration in participants with mild/moderate hepatic impairment (implementing a 3-fold dose reduction for moderate severity). RESULTS: Based on concentration-QTc analysis, placebo-corrected change-from-baseline QT values (90% confidence intervals), corrected for heart rate (Fridericia's method), were 0.94 ms (-2.35, 4.23) for soticlestat and 0.63 ms (-3.15, 4.41) for its N-oxide metabolite plasma concentrations at therapeutic doses (soticlestat 300 mg twice daily); safety margins were >2-fold for scenarios of calculated high clinical exposures. No (Part 1) and five (83.3%; Part 2) participants experienced treatment-emergent adverse events (all mild). CONCLUSION: There was no evidence for QT prolongation with soticlestat at therapeutic doses or in two scenarios of high clinical exposures, which resulted in regulatory agencies waiving requirements of a thorough QT study. Safety/PK findings aligned with previous soticlestat clinical studies.

3.
Biomedicines ; 12(9)2024 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39335485

RESUMO

Prostate cancer (PC) represents the second most common diagnosed cancer in men. The burden of diagnosis and long-term treatment may frequently cause psychiatric disorders in patients, particularly depression. The most common PC treatment option is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which may be associated with taxane chemotherapy. In patients with both PC and psychiatric disorders, polypharmacy is frequently present, which increases the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and drug-related adverse effects. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a pharmacoepidemiologic study of the concomitant administration of PC drugs and psychotropics using three drug interaction databases (Lexicomp®, drugs.com®, and Medscape®). This study assayed 4320 drug-drug combinations (DDCs) and identified 814 DDIs, out of which 405 (49.63%) were pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions and 411 (50.37%) were pharmacodynamic (PD) interactions. The most common PK interactions were based on CYP3A4 induction (n = 275, 67.90%), while the most common PD interactions were based on additive torsadogenicity (n = 391, 95.13%). Proposed measures for managing the identified DDIs included dose adjustments, drug substitutions, supplementary agents, parameters monitoring, or simply the avoidance of a given DDC. A significant heterogenicity was observed between the selected drug interaction databases, which can be mitigated by cross-referencing multiple databases in clinical practice.

4.
JNCI Cancer Spectr ; 2024 Sep 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39254653

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors have significantly improved outcomes for patients with ER+/HER2- breast cancer. Nevertheless, they differ from each other in terms of chemical, biological, and pharmacological features, as well as toxicity profiles. We aim to determine whether QTc prolongation is caused by CDK4/6i in general or if it is associated with ribociclib only. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the prevalence of QTc prolongation as an adverse event in HR+ breast cancer patients treated with CDK4/6i vs those without CDK4/6i. We pooled risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the binary endpoint of QT prolongation. RESULTS: We included 14 RCTs comprising 16,196 patients, of whom 8,576 underwent therapy with CDK4/6i. An increased risk of QTc prolongation was associated with the use of CDK4/6i (RR 2.35; 95% CI 1.67-3.29; p < .001; I2=44%). Subgroup analyses revealed a significant increase in the QTc interval for the ribociclib and palbociclib cohorts. The ribociclib subgroup showed a risk ratio of 3.12 (RR 3.12; 95% CI 2.09-4.65; p < .001; I2 = 12%) while the palbociclib subgroup had a risk ratio of 1.51 (RR 1.51; 95% CI 1.05-2.15; p = .025, I2=0%). CONCLUSION: Palbociclib was associated with QTc prolongation, however, the RR for any grade QTc was quantitively twice with ribociclib. Furthermore, grade 3 QTc prolongations were observed exclusively with ribociclib. These results are important for guiding clinical decision-making and provide reassurance regarding the overall safety profile of this drug class.

5.
Am J Emerg Med ; 85: 7-12, 2024 Aug 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39153265

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Ondansetron, a 5HT3 receptor antagonist, is commonly used in emergency departments to treat nausea and vomiting. In 2011, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning that this medicine may cause QT prolongation, potentially leading to deadly arrhythmias. The objective of this study was to characterize the QT interval prolongation associated with ondansetron use in the Emergency Department. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational cohort study of adult patients who presented to the emergency department during a one-year period and were treated with intravenous ondansetron. We investigated the QT prolongation associated with dosages. ECGs were obtained before the medication and 5, 15, and 30 minutes after IV drug administration. Every QT measurement was recorded and compared to the zero point. The severity of drug-induced QT prolongation was determined according to the recommendations of the International Conference on Compliance (ICH). QTc prolongation was categorized as 'negligible' (<5 ms), 'significant' (>20 ms), 'potential concern' (>30 ms), or 'definitely worrying' (>60 ms). RESULTS: Of the 435 patients enrolled in the study, 60% (261 patients) were female and the mean age was 39 (±18). The QT prolongation peaked at the fifth minute and remained consistent at the fifteenth and thirty-first minutes. The maximum prolongation of the mean QT duration occured at the fifth minute (7.9 ± 18.1 ms). No patient revealed any problems with cardiac conduction. The prolonged QT interval was not related to the dose of ondansetron, but QT measurements were higher in the 30th minute in patients treated with 8 mg of ondansetron. The effect of ondansetron administration on QT prolongation was found to be above the 'negligible' but below the 'significant' value, according to the ICH recommendations. DISCUSSION: In this study, QT prolongation due to ondansetron administration was below the 'important' value according to the recommendations of the ICH. No cases of cardiac arrhythmia were reported in any of the partients. Thus, routine ECG monitoring in patients given ondansetron due to the risk of QTc prolongation does not seem cost-effective when evaluated together with additional factors such as its negative impact on emergency patient flow, waste of personnel and time, and increase in healthcare costs. In the absence of a known risk of cardiac arrhythmia, IV administration of 4 mg and 8 mg of ondansetron doses no risk of QT prolongation in the emergency population.

6.
Expert Opin Drug Saf ; 23(9): 1127-1134, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39126643

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The rising prevalence of psychiatric disorders has resulted in a significant increase in the use of antipsychotic medications. These agents may prolong the corrected QT interval (QTc), running the risk of precipitating ventricular arrhythmias, notably Torsades de Pointes (TdP). Current recommendations vary regarding the optimal approach to safe prescribing practices and QTc surveillance for antipsychotics. This review summarizes the current literature addressing these clinical concerns. AREAS COVERED: The physiologic basis of the QTc interval, mechanisms underlying its susceptibility to pharmacological influence, specific risks associated with atypical antipsychotic agents, and recommendations for safe prescription practices. We performed a literature review using Pubmed and Embase databases, searching for 'antipsychotics' and 'torsades de pointes.' EXPERT OPINION: Finding a safe and universally accepted protocol for prescribing antipsychotics remains a persistent challenge in medicine. Predictive models that integrate clinical history with demographic and ECG characteristics can help estimate an individual's susceptibility to therapy-associated risks, including QTc prolongation. Agents such as ziprasidone and iloperidone are significantly more likely to prolong the QTc interval compared to others such as brexpiprazole, cariprazine, olanzapine, and clozapine. A personalized approach using low-risk medications when clinically feasible, and at the lowest efficacious dose, offers a promising path toward safer antipsychotic prescribing.


Antipsychotic medications are used to treat conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder; however, they can also affect cardiac electrical conduction. This effect on cardiac function increases the risk of a dangerous heart rhythm, which can potentially be fatal. Patients and doctors need to be aware of and monitor for these potential heart-related side effects, although antipsychotics can be very helpful for mental health conditions.


Assuntos
Antipsicóticos , Síndrome do QT Longo , Torsades de Pointes , Humanos , Antipsicóticos/efeitos adversos , Antipsicóticos/administração & dosagem , Torsades de Pointes/induzido quimicamente , Síndrome do QT Longo/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos Mentais/tratamento farmacológico , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Padrões de Prática Médica , Animais
7.
Cureus ; 16(7): e64143, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39119376

RESUMO

Ceftriaxone and lansoprazole are commonly used in clinical settings, but recent analyses indicate a potential risk for QTc prolongation and cardiac events when used together. This case series examines three patients from a cohort of sudden death cases at a single institution over a decade, who received both medications within 24 hours before death. Three cases were identified, each with contributing factors for cardiac arrhythmias. The results underscore the importance of monitoring and possibly avoiding this drug combination in patients at risk of QT prolongation, pending further investigation into the underlying mechanisms.

8.
Cureus ; 16(6): e61640, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38966463

RESUMO

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cause of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC). A 75-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for catheter ablation for persistent AF. On admission, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed diffuse left ventricular (LV) hypokinesis, which was suspected to be due to TIC. Catheter ablation was performed on the fifth day of hospitalization, and Torsade de Pointes (TdP) appeared on the sixth day. The serum concentration of bepridil and potassium was below the reference level. An electrocardiogram revealed marked QT prolongation, giant-negative T waves, and T-wave alternans on the seventh day of hospitalization. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with no contrast indicated diffuse mild LV hypokinesis, mild prolonged native T1, and no evidence of myocardial edema at T2. Coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries, and the ergonovine stress test results were negative. The results for five long QT syndrome susceptibility genes, including the three major genes, were negative. Subsequently, QT prolongation, giant-negative T waves, and LV dysfunction improved without treatment. This case report highlights the importance of risk management for AF patients with TIC scheduled for catheter ablation and carefully evaluating the risks of QT prolongation. Moreover, patients with TIC can experience marked QT prolongation and TdP during the perioperative period of catheter ablation. Therefore, caution should be required.

9.
Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 20(6): 312-319, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38991825

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is the first-line treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, there is heterogeneity in its clinical use. This consensus aims to bridge the gap in SLE treatment by providing practical and valuable recommendations for health professionals. METHODS: The methodology used is based on a systematic literature review and a nominal group technique (NGT). A ten-member scientific committee formulated eight clinically relevant questions. First, a systematic review was conducted to identify the available evidence, which the scientific committee evaluated to developed recommendations based on their expertise, achieving consensus through NGT. RESULTS: 1673 titles and abstracts were screened, and 43 studies were included for meeting the inclusion criteria. The scientific committee established 11 recommendations for HCQ use in initiation, maintenance, and monitoring, considering benefits and potential adverse effects of HCQ. Unanimous agreement was achieved on all recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence supports HCQ's effectiveness and safety for SLE. Individualized assessment of the initial HCQ dose is important, especially in situations requiring dose reduction or discontinuation. This risk-benefit assessment, specifically focusing on the balance between retinal toxicity and the risk of SLE relapse, should guide decisions regarding medication withdrawal, considering disease activity, risk factors, and HCQ potential benefits. Close monitoring is essential for optimal disease management and minimize potential risks, such as QT prolongation or retinal toxicity.


Assuntos
Antirreumáticos , Hidroxicloroquina , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Humanos , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Hidroxicloroquina/uso terapêutico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/tratamento farmacológico , Consenso
10.
JACC Clin Electrophysiol ; 10(8): 1943-1952, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38842970

RESUMO

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a reversible form of acute myocardial injury due to a neurocardiogenic mechanism associated with a relevant risk for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, occurring in up to 25% of all patients and including both ventricular arrhythmias (especially) in the context of QT prolongation and atrial tachy- or bradyarrhythmias. The pathogenetic mechanisms of TTS-related arrhythmic complications are not completely understood, and there are no randomized clinical trials addressing the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management in this specific setting. In this narrative review, the authors provide an overview of the pathogenesis and the therapeutic management of arrhythmic complications in patients with TTS, along with the future perspectives and the remaining knowledge gaps in this field.


Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo/fisiopatologia , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo/terapia , Cardiomiopatia de Takotsubo/complicações , Humanos , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/terapia , Arritmias Cardíacas/etiologia , Eletrocardiografia
11.
Br J Clin Pharmacol ; 90(10): 2571-2581, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38924122

RESUMO

AIMS: To evaluate relationships between plasma concentrations of belantamab mafodotin, total monoclonal antibody, and its payload and changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma from the DREAMM-1 and DREAMM-2 studies. METHODS: Hysteresis plots and linear regression analyses of pharmacokinetic (PK) analyte (belantamab mafodotin, total monoclonal antibody, and cytotoxic cysteine-maleimidocaproyl monomethyl auristatin F payload) concentrations vs. time-matched ECG parameters (absolute/change from baseline in QT interval corrected for RR interval [QTc/ΔQTc] and QT interval corrected for heart rate by Fridericia's formula [QTcF/ΔQTcF]) were performed. Concentrations of PK analyte required for a 10-ms increase in QTc in DREAMM-2 were calculated via simulation, as was the probability of ΔQTc/ΔQTcF exceeding 10 ms for the expected Cmax of PK analyte concentrations associated with the doses (2.5 and 3.4 mg/kg) administered in DREAMM-2. RESULTS: Time-matched PK and ECG data from 290 patients (DREAMM-1, n = 73; DREAMM-2, n = 217) were analysed. Hysteresis plots did not clearly indicate any concentration-related prolongation in QTc or QTcF; regression analyses indicated a very small rate of increase in ΔQTc and ΔQTcF with increasing concentrations of PK analytes. Calculated concentrations of PK analyte required for a 10-ms prolongation in QTc were higher than the maximum analyte concentrations observed following treatment with belantamab mafodotin in DREAMM-2; the probability that each dose would prolong ΔQTc and ΔQTcF by >10 ms was 0 and <0.25%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study of belantamab mafodotin and its payload did not provide evidence of QT prolongation in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma at clinically relevant doses.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Eletrocardiografia , Mieloma Múltiplo , Humanos , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/farmacocinética , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Síndrome do QT Longo/induzido quimicamente , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Adulto
13.
Cureus ; 16(5): e60492, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38882995

RESUMO

Introduction Cancer chemotherapy regimens include multiple classes of adjuvant drugs as supportive therapy. Because of the concurrent intake of other drugs (like antiemetics, antidepressants, analgesics, and antimicrobials), there is a heightened risk for possible QT interval prolongation. There is a dearth of evidence in the literature regarding the usage of QT-prolonging anticancer drugs and associated risk factors that have the propensity to prolong QT interval. The purpose was to explore the extent of the use of QT-interval-prolonging drugs and potential QT-prolonging drug-drug interactions (QT-DDIs) in cancer patients attending OPD in a tertiary-care hospital. Methods This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional, observational study. Risk stratification of QT-prolonging drugs for torsades de pointes (TdP) was done by the Arizona Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics (AzCERT)/CredibleMeds-lists, and potential QT-DDIs were determined with four online DDI-checker-software. Results In 1331 cancer patients, the overall prevalence of potential QT-prolonging drug utilization was 97.3%. Ondansetron, pantoprazole, domperidone, and olanzapine were the most frequent QT-prolonging drugs in cancer patients. The top six antineoplastics with potential QT-prolonging and torsadogenic actions were capecitabine, oxaliplatin, imatinib, bortezomib, 5-fluorouracil, and bendamustine. Evidence-based pragmatic QTc interval prolongation risk assessment tools are imperative for cancer patients. Conclusion This study revealed a high prevalence of QT-prolonging drugs and QT-DDIs among cancer patients who are treated with anticancer and non-anticancer drugs. As a result, it's critical to take precautions, stay vigilant, and avoid QT-prolonging in clinical situations. Evidence-based pragmatic QTc interval prolongation risk assessment tools are needed for cancer patients.

14.
Crit Care ; 28(1): 115, 2024 04 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38594724

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Sepsis-induced myocardial injury is a serious complication of sepsis. QT prolongation is a proarrhythmic state which reflects myocardial injury in a group of heterogeneous disorders. However, the study on the clinical value of QT prolongation in sepsis is limited. METHODS: We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and predictors of new-onset QT prolongation in sepsis and its impact on the outcome in a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Electrocardiographic and clinical data were collected from patients with sepsis from the wards and intensive care units of four centers after exclusion of QT-influencing medications and electrolyte abnormalities. Clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without QT prolongation (QTc > 450 ms). Multivariate analysis was performed to ascertain whether QT prolongation was an independent predictor for 30-day mortality. The factors predicting QT prolongation in sepsis were also analyzed. RESULTS: New-onset QT prolongation occurred in 235/1024 (22.9%) patients. The majority demonstrated similar pattern as type 1 long QT syndrome. Patients with QT prolongation had a higher 30-day in-hospital mortality (P < 0.001), which was also associated with increased tachyarrhythmias including paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or tachycardia (P < 0.001) and ventricular arrhythmia (P < 0.001) during hospitalization. QT prolongation independently predicted 30-day mortality (P = 0.044) after multivariate analysis. History of coronary artery disease (P = 0.001), septic shock (P = 0.008), acute respiratory (P < 0.001), heart (P = 0.021) and renal dysfunction (P = 0.013) were independent predictors of QT prolongation in sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: New-onset QT prolongation in sepsis was associated with increased mortality as well as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, which was predicted by disease severity and organ dysfunction.


Assuntos
Síndrome do QT Longo , Sepse , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Hospitalização , Eletrocardiografia , Síndrome do QT Longo/etiologia , Síndrome do QT Longo/tratamento farmacológico , Sepse/complicações
15.
Eur J Case Rep Intern Med ; 11(4): 004417, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38584909

RESUMO

Introduction: Combination-based adjuvant chemotherapy utilising capecitabine and oxaliplatin is widely used in gastric cancer treatment. Rare but severe cardiac events such as prolonged QT, cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock can result from their use. Case description: A 45-year-old female with gastric adenocarcinoma was started on capecitabine-oxaliplatin chemotherapy one week before presenting to the emergency department with weakness. Blood pressure was 78/56 mmHg, heart rate 140 bpm and oxygen saturation 85%. She became unresponsive with pulseless ventricular fibrillation; CPR was initiated with immediate intubation. She received two shocks with a return of spontaneous circulation. Laboratory tests revealed serum potassium (3.1 mmol/l), magnesium (1.1 mg/dl) and troponin (0.46 ng/ml). An EKG revealed sinus tachycardia with a prolonged QT interval (556 ms). The combined effects of capecitabine, oxaliplatin and electrolyte abnormalities likely contributed to the QT prolongation. An echocardiogram demonstrated an ejection fraction of 10%-15%. An emergent right-heart catheterisation showed right atrial pressure of 10 mmHg and pulmonary artery pressure of 30/18 mmHg; cardiac output and index were not recorded. An intra-aortic balloon pump was placed, and she was admitted to the ICU for cardiogenic shock requiring norepinephrine, vasopressin and dobutamine. A repeat echocardiogram showed a significantly improved ejection fraction of 65%, and she was discharged. Discussion: Capecitabine and oxaliplatin cardiotoxicity is an exceedingly rare occurrence, with both drugs reported to cause QT prolongation. Conclusion: Healthcare providers must recognise the QT prolongation effects of capecitabine and oxaliplatin, leading to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. LEARNING POINTS: Recognise the QT-prolonging effects of capecitabine and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.Recognise that cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest with capecitabine and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy can occur in individuals with benign cardiac history, especially early in treatment.

16.
J Electrocardiol ; 84: 91-94, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38579636

RESUMO

A 69-year-old woman was admitted after a cardiac arrest. She developed status epilepticus and was later found to have variable morphologies of a "spiked helmet sign" (SHS) on ECGs in the setting of prolonged QT interval, raising the question of whether this sign is a manifestation of QT prolongation.


Assuntos
Eletrocardiografia , Síndrome do QT Longo , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Síndrome do QT Longo/diagnóstico , Síndrome do QT Longo/fisiopatologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Estado Epiléptico/etiologia , Estado Epiléptico/diagnóstico , Parada Cardíaca/etiologia
17.
Int J Emerg Med ; 17(1): 49, 2024 Apr 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38566008

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ondansetron is one of the most commonly used drugs in the emergency department (ED) for treating nausea and vomiting, particularly in intravenous (IV) form. Nevertheless, it has been shown to prolong QT interval and increase the risk of ventricular dysrhythmias. This study evaluated the associations between single IV ondansetron dosage and subsequent QTc prolongation in the ED. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, a total number of 106 patients presenting to the ED in a 3-month period with nausea and vomiting treated with IV ondansetron were enrolled. QT and QTc intervals were measured at baseline (QT0 and QTc0), and 60 min (QT60 and QTc60) following a single-dose administration of ondansetron at 4 or 8 mg doses. To evaluate the predictive ability of these variables, we employed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. RESULTS: The predictive models for QTc prolongation 1-hour post-ondansetron administration showed the following: at baseline, the area under curve of 0.70 for QT, 0.71 for QTc, and 0.64 for dosage. Conversely, a QTc0 = 375 msec indicated a QTc60 > 480 msec with a specificity of 97%. Additionally, a QTc0 of 400 msec had a sensitivity of 100% in predicting a QTc60 < 480 msec, while a QTc0 > 460 msec predicted a QTc60 > 480 msec with a specificity of 98%. Moreover, 8 mg doses were associated with higher rates of QTc60 prolongation, while 4 mg doses favored maintaining QTc60 within normal limits. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates the predictive capacity of QT0, QTc0, and ondansetron dosage in forecasting QTc60 prolongation (> 480 msec) post-ondansetron administration. These findings advocate for their incorporation into clinical protocols to enhance safety monitoring in adult ED patients.

18.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 68(5): e0139023, 2024 May 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38546223

RESUMO

Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is efficacious for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria and its use is increasing globally. Despite the positive results in fighting malaria, inhibition of the Kv11.1 channel (hERG; encoded by the KCNH2 gene) by piperaquine has raised concerns about cardiac safety. Whether genetic factors could modulate the risk of piperaquine-mediated QT prolongations remained unclear. Here, we first profiled the genetic landscape of KCNH2 variability using data from 141,614 individuals. Overall, we found 1,007 exonic variants distributed over the entire gene body, 555 of which were missense. By optimizing the gene-specific parametrization of 16 partly orthogonal computational algorithms, we developed a KCNH2-specific ensemble classifier that identified a total of 116 putatively deleterious missense variations. To evaluate the clinical relevance of KCNH2 variability, we then sequenced 293 Malian patients with uncomplicated malaria and identified 13 variations within the voltage sensing and pore domains of Kv11.1 that directly interact with channel blockers. Cross-referencing of genetic and electrocardiographic data before and after piperaquine exposure revealed that carriers of two common variants, rs1805121 and rs41314375, experienced significantly higher QT prolongations (ΔQTc of 41.8 ms and 61 ms, respectively, vs 14.4 ms in controls) with more than 50% of carriers having increases in QTc >30 ms. Furthermore, we identified three carriers of rare population-specific variations who experienced clinically relevant delayed ventricular repolarization. Combined, our results map population-scale genetic variability of KCNH2 and identify genetic biomarkers for piperaquine-induced QT prolongation that could help to flag at-risk patients and optimize efficacy and adherence to antimalarial therapy.


Assuntos
Antimaláricos , Artemisininas , Canal de Potássio ERG1 , Piperazinas , Quinolinas , Humanos , Canal de Potássio ERG1/genética , Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Antimaláricos/efeitos adversos , Quinolinas/uso terapêutico , Quinolinas/efeitos adversos , Artemisininas/uso terapêutico , Artemisininas/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Malária/tratamento farmacológico , Eletrocardiografia , Síndrome do QT Longo/genética , Síndrome do QT Longo/induzido quimicamente , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética
19.
Pharmacol Res Perspect ; 12(2): e1184, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38445541

RESUMO

Mitiperstat is a myeloperoxidase inhibitor in clinical development for treatment of patients with heart failure and preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction, non-alcoholic steatohepatits and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We aimed to assess the risk of QT-interval prolongation with mitiperstat using concentration-QT (C-QT) modeling. Healthy male volunteers were randomized to receive single oral doses of mitiperstat 5, 15, 45, 135, or 405 mg (n = 6 per dose) or matching placebo (n = 10) in a phase 1 study (NCT02712372). Time-matched pharmacokinetic and digital electrocardiogram data were collected at the baseline (pre-dose) and at 11 time-points up to 48 h post-dose. C-QT analysis was prespecified as an exploratory objective. The prespecified linear mixed effects model used baseline-adjusted QT interval corrected for the heart rate by Fridericia's formula (ΔQTcF) as a dependent variable and plasma mitiperstat concentration as an independent variable. Initial exploratory analyses indicated that all model assumptions were met (no effect on heart rate; appropriate use of QTcF; no hysteresis; linear concentration-response relationship). Model-predicted mean baseline-corrected and placebo-adjusted ΔΔQTcF was +0.73 ms (90% confidence interval [CI]: -1.73, +3.19) at the highest anticipated clinical exposure (0.093 µmol/L) during treatment with mitiperstat 5 mg once daily. The upper 90% CI was below the established threshold of regulatory concern. The 16-fold margin to the highest observed exposure was high enough to mean that a positive control was not needed. Mitiperstat is not associated with risk of QT-interval prolongation at expected therapeutic concentrations.


Assuntos
Peroxidase , Pirimidinas , Pirróis , Humanos , Masculino , Eletrocardiografia , Voluntários Saudáveis
20.
Toxicol Res (Camb) ; 13(2): tfae038, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38500514

RESUMO

Background: Acute antipsychotic poisoning is correlated to a high prevalence of qt interval prolongation. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate early qt interval prolongation predictors in acute antipsychotic-poisoned patients. Methodology: This prospective cohort study enrolled 70 symptomatic patients with acute antipsychotic poisoning. Sociodemographic data, toxicological, clinical, investigation, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. The estimation of the corrected qt interval (QTc) was performed using Bazett's method. Primary outcome was normal or abnormal length of QTc interval. Secondary outcomes included duration of hospital stay, complete recovery and mortality. The corrected qt interval was analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Patients were divided into groups A (normal QTc interval up to 440 msec; 58.6% of cases) and B (prolonged QTc interval ≥ 440 msec; 41.4% of cases). Patients in group B had significantly high incidences of quetiapine intake, bradycardia, hypotension, hypokalemia, and long duration of hospital stay. By multivariate analysis, quetiapine [Odd's ratio (OR): 39.674; Confidence Interval (C.I:3.426-459.476)], bradycardia [OR: 22.664; C.I (2.534-202.690)], and hypotension [OR: 16.263; (C.I: 2.168-122.009)] were significantly correlated with prolonged QTc interval. Conclusion: In acute antipsychotic poisoning, quetiapine, bradycardia, and hypotension are early clinical predictors for prolonged QTc interval.

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