RESUMO
El Biodentine es un material biocerámico y bioacti-vo que puede emplearse como sustituto activo de la dentina. Entre sus numerosos usos se incorpora su utilización como sellador del coágulo en los procedi-mientos endodónticos regenerativos, logrando me-jores propiedades con respecto al Gold standard. Se presenta la resolución clínica y radiográfica de tres situaciones clínicas, mediante la aplicación del proto-colo de los procedimientos endodónticos regenerati-vos, en los que se utilizó Biodentine como alternativa para el sellado del coágulo a nivel cérvico-radicular, en la obturación a nivel del límite amelocementario (AU)
Biodentine is a bio-ceramic and bioactive material that can be used as an active substitute for dentin. Its many uses include its use as a clot sealer in regenerative endodontic procedures, achieving better properties compared to the Gold standard. The clinical and radiographic resolution of three clinical situations is presented, by applying the protocol of regenerative endodontic procedures, where Biodentine was used as an alternative for sealing the clot at the cervical-radicular level in the obturation at the level of the cementoenamel limit (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Materiais Biocompatíveis/uso terapêutico , Dentina , Endodontia Regenerativa , Argentina , Faculdades de Odontologia , Cerâmica , Assistência Odontológica para Crianças/métodos , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/terapiaRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity of double antibiotic paste (DAP) in an in vitro infection model. METHODOLOGY: The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) and the antibiofilm activities (TTC assay) of DAP and its components (ciprofloxacin and metronidazole) were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis compared with triple antibiotic paste (TAP). The cellular viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages (24 and 72 h) and L929 fibroblasts (48 and 72 h) was evaluated by MTT. Furthermore, the production of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-10 and NO (on RAW 264.7), besides IL-6, TGF-ß and NO (on L929), stimulated with DAP in baseline and associated with heat-killed microbial-antigen conditions was measured by ELISA and Griess reaction. Data were analysed using the one-way ANOVA test with Bonferroni's corrections. RESULTS: The MBC of pharmacopoeia DAP was similar to TAP for E. faecalis (0.25 µg. mL-1 ) and lower for S. aureus (DAP 1 µg. mL-1 and TAP 2 µg. mL-1 ; p < .001). Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiofilm drug from the pastes (35% of reduction for E. faecalis and S. aureus; p < .0001), and both pastes had a similar antibiofilm eradication against both biofilm species (29% and 35% for S. aureus and 76% and 85% for E. faecalis; p < .0001). DAP was cytotoxic against the tested cells. DAP significantly upregulated IL-1α (p < .001), IL-6 (p < .0001), TNF-α (p < .01) and IL-12 (p < .05; in the absence of antigens) and significantly reduced IL-6 (p < .0001; in the presence of HK-S. aureus) and IL-10 (p < .05; in the presence of both antigens) on macrophages. Furthermore, DAP upregulated IL-6 (p < .001) and NO (p < .05; in the absence of antigens), IL-6 (p < .001; in the presence of HK-S. aureus) and reduced NO (p < .001; in the presence of HK-S. aureus). CONCLUSIONS: Double antibiotic paste and TAP had similar antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. faecalis. DAP upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines mainly in the absence of antigens and had pro- and anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and L929 fibroblasts in the presence of antigens involved in pulp infections.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Anti-Infecciosos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Ciprofloxacina/farmacologia , Enterococcus faecalis , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMO
Regenerative therapies such as dental pulpal revascularization appear as an option for traumatized immature permanent teeth. However, the triple antibiotic paste - TAP (metronidazole, minocycline, and ciprofloxacin), used for these therapies, can generate cytotoxicity and dentin discoloration. In contrast, host defense peptides (HDPs) are promising antimicrobial and immunomodulatory biomolecules for dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity (against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and the immunomodulatory potential (by the evaluation of IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, TNF-α and NO, in RAW 264.7 macrophages and IL-6, TGF-ß and NO, in L929 fibroblast) of synthetic peptides (DJK-6, IDR-1018, and IDR-1002), compared to TAP in an in vitro infection model containing heat-killed antigens from E. faecalis and S. aureus. Furthermore, the synergistic potential of ciprofloxacin and IDR-1002 was evaluated by checkerboard. Ciprofloxacin was the best antimicrobial of TAP, besides acting in synergism with IDR-1002. TAP was pro-inflammatory (p < 0.05), while the association of ciprofloxacin and IDR-1002 presented an anti-inflammatory profile mainly in the presence of both heat-killed antigens (p < 0.05). Based on these results, ciprofloxacin associated with IDR-1002 may demonstrate an efficient antimicrobial and immunomodulatory action in this in vitro model. Further in vivo studies may determine the real potential of this combination.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Ciprofloxacina , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos , Ciprofloxacina/farmacologia , Polpa Dentária , Minociclina , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to carry out a systematic review to analyse the effectiveness of pulp revascularization in the root formation of necrotic immature permanent teeth, as well as the level of scientific evidence regarding this theme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The methodology was based on searching electronic databases such as Web of Science, Pubmed, BVS (Medline, Scielo, Lilacs and BBO), Scopus and Cochrane, including manual searches for the references listed in the studies found. The terms used for the literature search were pulp revascularization and endodontics. RESULTS: Initially, 277 articles were identified from the electronic databases; 17 studies remained after analysis and exclusion of duplicates; exclusion criteria also eliminated six articles; 11 remained for evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Although the results found in the present systematic review are relevant, the scientific evidence should be interpreted with caution as the articles report different methods and evaluation parameters. Despite the capacity of the pulp revascularization technique to stimulate the development of the apical closure and thickening of radicular dentin, several aspects still remain unknown, like the key factors of this repair, the type of tissue formed and the long-term prognosis.
Assuntos
Apexificação/métodos , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/terapia , Ápice Dentário/fisiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Coagulação Sanguínea/fisiologia , Cavidade Pulpar/efeitos dos fármacos , Cavidade Pulpar/patologia , Humanos , Regeneração/fisiologia , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A regeneração pulpar pode ser definida como a diferenciação de células progenitoras da porção apical de dentes jovens que resulta na deposição de tecido mineralizado nas paredes dentinárias. A endodontia regenerativa utiliza o conceito de engenharia de tecidos para restaurar os canais radiculares para um estado saudável, permitindo o desenvolvimento contínuo da raiz e tecidos circundantes. É uma alternativa terapêutica promissora que promove o fechamento apical e o desenvolvimento radicular e está indicada em dentes com formação incompleta de raízes, como alternativa à apicificação, um método para induzir uma barreira calcificada em uma raiz com ápice aberto ou desenvolvimento apical contínuo de uma raiz incompleta formada em dentes com polpas necróticas. No entanto, a presença de medicação por períodos prolongados de tempo pode levar a uma fragilidade das paredes radiculares. Devido a isso, há uma constante busca de novas alternativas de tratamento endodôntico que permita o desenvolvimento total da raiz. A regeneração emergiu como uma nova opção de tratamento para os jovens imaturos com necrose pulpar. Até à data, existem vários relatos na literatura de uma variedade de protocolos de tratamento para revascularização, sempre buscando alcançar a melhor maneira de sucesso do tratamento. Diante dessa variedade, é importante estudar a literatura sobre a regeneração da polpa. O objetivo deste estudo é revisar os protocolos na literatura para a regeneração da polpa, diferenciação celular e características do novo tecido formado
Pulp revascularization can be defined as a differentiation of progenitor cells from the apical portion of young teeth that results in deposition of mineralized tissue in the dentinal walls. Regenerative endodontics uses the concept od tissue engineering to restore the root canals to a healthy state, allowing for continued development of the root and surrounding tissue. It id a promising treatment alternative that promotes both apical closure and root development, and is indicated in teeth with incomplete root formation, as an alternative to apexification a method to induce a calcified barrier in a root with an open apex or the continued apical development of an incompletely formed root in teeth with necrotic pulps. However, the presence of medication for prolonged periods of time can lead to a fragility of the root walls. As a consequence there is a constant search for new alternatives of endodontic treatments that allow full root development. Regeneration has emerged as a new alternatives of endodontic treatment option for young immature teeth with pulp necrosis. To date, there are several reports in the literature of a variety of treatment protocols for revascularization, always seeking to anchive the best way to treatment success. In view of this variety, it is important to study the literature on pulp regeneration, cell differentiation and characteristics of the new tissue formed
Assuntos
Polpa Dentária/lesões , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada/tendências , Tratamento do Canal Radicular/tendências , Células-Tronco/fisiologia , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologiaRESUMO
Immature avulsed teeth are not usually treated with pulp revascularization because of the possibility of complications. However, this therapy has shown success in the treatment of immature teeth with periapical lesions. This report describes the case of an immature replanted tooth that was successfully treated by pulp revascularization. An 8-year-old boy suffered avulsion on his maxillary left lateral incisor. The tooth showed incomplete root development and was replanted after 30 minutes. After diagnosis, revascularization therapy was performed by irrigating the root canal and applying a calcium hydroxide paste and 2% chlorhexidine gel for 21 days. In the second session, the intracanal dressing was removed and a blood clot was stimulated up to the cervical third of the root canal. Mineral trioxide aggregate was placed as a cervical barrier at the entrance of the root canal and the crown was restored. During the follow-up period, periapical repair, apical closure and calcification in the apical 4 mm of the root canal was observed. An avulsed immature tooth replanted after a brief extra-alveolar period and maintained in a viable storage medium may be treated with revascularization.
Assuntos
Apexificação/métodos , Incisivo/lesões , Avulsão Dentária/terapia , Reimplante Dentário/métodos , Compostos de Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Hidróxido de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Criança , Clorexidina/uso terapêutico , Polpa Dentária/irrigação sanguínea , Polpa Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Cavidade Pulpar/efeitos dos fármacos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Óxidos/uso terapêutico , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/uso terapêutico , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/uso terapêutico , Preparo de Canal Radicular/métodos , Silicatos/uso terapêutico , Ápice Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Calcificação de Dente/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Introduction: The study aimed to explore the profile of articles published on pulp revascularization by a bibliometric analysis. Material and methods: A search was conducted on the PubMed database and studies were independently categorized according to: (i) year of publication; (ii) country where the study was conducted; (iii) study design; (iv) main topic addressed; (v) main conclusion of the article; and (vi) clinical application/other results. Findings were reported descriptively. There was not restriction regarding to initial date and the established final date was December 2014. Results: 133 studies were found; but only 86 articles were included. The most of them was published recently (23.2% in 2014) and were conducted in 24 different countries. The most frequent study design was case report (37.2%), followed by narrative reviews (16.2%). The main topic addressed was the radiographic outcomes (38.3%) and tissue engineering (19.7%). Some of the articles point the clinical application of their results. Conclusion: Most of the publications highlight that the disinfection of the root canal (and the stimulation of residual stem cells) would induce formation of new hard tissue on the dentin wall and continue root development in length, improving the tooth survival. The number of publications on pulp revascularization has increased recently, but the majority of articles published are studies with low levels of evidence.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Revascularization outcome depends on microbial elimination because apical repair will not happen in the presence of infected tissues. This study evaluated the microbial composition of traumatized immature teeth and assessed their reduction during different stages of the revascularization procedures performed with 2 intracanal medicaments. METHODS: Fifteen patients (7-17 years old) with immature teeth were submitted to the revascularization procedures; they were divided into 2 groups according to the intracanal medicament used: TAP group (n = 7), medicated with a triple antibiotic paste, and CHP group (n = 8), dressed with calcium hydroxide + 2% chlorhexidine gel. Samples were taken before any treatment (S1), after irrigation with 6% NaOCl (S2), after irrigation with 2% chlorhexidine (S3), after intracanal dressing (S4), and after 17% EDTA irrigation (S5). Cultivable bacteria recovered from the 5 stages were counted and identified by means of polymerase chain reaction assay (16S rRNA). RESULTS: Both groups had colony-forming unit counts significantly reduced after S2 (P < .05); however, no significant difference was found between the irrigants (S2 and S3, P = .99). No difference in bacteria counts was found between the intracanal medicaments used (P = .95). The most prevalent bacteria detected were Actinomyces naeslundii (66.67%), followed by Porphyromonas endodontalis, Parvimonas micra, and Fusobacterium nucleatum, which were detected in 33.34% of the root canals. An average of 2.13 species per canal was found, and no statistical correlation was observed between bacterial species and clinical/radiographic features. CONCLUSIONS: The microbial profile of infected immature teeth is similar to that of primarily infected permanent teeth. The greatest bacterial reduction was promoted by the irrigation solutions. The revascularization protocols that used the tested intracanal medicaments were efficient in reducing viable bacteria in necrotic immature teeth.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/uso terapêutico , Apexificação/métodos , Hidróxido de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Clorexidina/uso terapêutico , Cavidade Pulpar/microbiologia , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/uso terapêutico , Traumatismos Dentários/microbiologia , Actinomyces/efeitos dos fármacos , Actinomyces/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Carga Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Criança , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Cavidade Pulpar/efeitos dos fármacos , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/microbiologia , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/terapia , Ácido Edético/uso terapêutico , Fusobacterium nucleatum/efeitos dos fármacos , Fusobacterium nucleatum/isolamento & purificação , Géis , Humanos , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Minociclina/uso terapêutico , Peptostreptococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptostreptococcus/isolamento & purificação , Porphyromonas endodontalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Porphyromonas endodontalis/isolamento & purificação , Hipoclorito de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Ápice Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Ápice Dentário/microbiologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Pulp revascularization may be considered a promising alternative for traumatized necrotic immature teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate traumatized immature teeth treated with 2 protocols of pulp revascularization. METHODS: Twenty-three teeth of young patients (7-17 years old) with necrotic upper incisors caused by dental trauma were divided into 2 groups; one group was treated with triple antibiotic paste (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline) (TAP) (n = 12), and the other was medicated with combination of calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHP) (n = 11). Patients were treated and followed up for a period from 9-19 months in 2 dental institutions for evaluation of clinical and radiographic data. RESULTS: Most of the teeth were affected by lateral luxation (47.8%). Clinical evaluation in group TAP showed significant reduction in spontaneous pain (P = .01), pain on horizontal percussion (P = .007), and pain on palpation (P = .03), whereas group CHP showed significant reduction in pain on vertical percussion (P = .03). Crown discoloration was observed significantly more in teeth of group TAP (83.3%) (P < .002). On radiographic exam, periapical repair was found in all TAP-treated teeth (P = .03). Similarly, the same findings were found for all teeth treated with CHP with exception of 1 tooth (P = .21). Apical closure was significantly observed in both groups (P < .05). Increase in root length was demonstrated in 5 teeth (41.7%) and 3 teeth (27.3%) of groups TAP and CHP, respectively. Thickening of lateral dentinal walls was observed in 5 teeth of each group. CONCLUSIONS: Revascularization outcomes for traumatized patients treated with the tested protocols presented similar clinical and radiographic data. However, TAP caused esthetic problem leading to tooth discoloration, which can be considered a disadvantage when compared with CHP.
Assuntos
Necrose da Polpa Dentária/terapia , Incisivo/lesões , Tratamento do Canal Radicular/métodos , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/uso terapêutico , Apexificação/métodos , Hidróxido de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Criança , Clorexidina/uso terapêutico , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapêutico , Cavidade Pulpar/efeitos dos fármacos , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Seguimentos , Humanos , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico , Minociclina/uso terapêutico , Tecido Periapical/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Radiografia Interproximal , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/uso terapêutico , Ápice Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Avulsão Dentária/complicações , Descoloração de Dente/induzido quimicamente , Odontalgia/prevenção & controleRESUMO
O tratamento endodôntico de dentes portadores de necrose pulpar e rizogênese incompleta têm sido tratados, recentemente, por meio da revascularização pulpar. Essa promissora alternativa de tratamento promove tanto o fechamento apical quanto o término do desenvolvimento radicular. Atualmente vários protocolos têm sido propostos, entretanto pouco se sabe sobre o sucesso por meio da instrumentação mecânica e do uso de medicações a base de hidróxido de cálcio ou pasta tri-antibiótica nos casos com indicação de revascularização pulpar. Objetivo : O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura abordando os protocolos de revascularização e suas implicações clínicas para o tratamento de dentes portadores de necrose pulpar e ápices incompletos. Resultados e discussão: As causas que normalmente interrompem a formação radicular são os traumatismos dentários e cáries dentárias, que podem causar a necrose pulpar. Sendo assim, os dentes que apresentam rizogênese incompleta e necrose pulpar geralmente eram tratados pelo método de apicificação ou mesmo a confecção de um plug apical de MTA, a fim de conseguir a formação de uma barreira apical. Porém, através desse método, as raízes continuam com as paredes dentinárias finas e fragilizadas. Conclusão: Com base nessa revisão, pode-se concluir que a revascularização pulpar é uma alternativa como tratamento para dentes com rizogênese incompleta portadores de necrose pulpar, porém, não há um protocolo estabelecido e considerado ideal...
Endodontic treatment of immature teeth with necrotic pulp and incomplete root formation has been recently treated with pulp revascularization. It is a promising alternative treatment to promote apical closure and root development. To date, a variety of revascularization protocols have been described, however little is known about the success of combining mechanical instrumentation and intracanal medication such as calcium hydroxide or triantibiotic paste. Thus, the aim of this study is to present a review of literature of pulp revascularization protocols and its clinical implications for treatment of teeth with pulp necrosis and incomplete apex. The causes that usually interrupt the root formation are dental traumatisms and caries, which can lead to pulp necrosis. Therefore, the immature permanent teeth and pulp necrosis were usually treated by apexification or the confection of an apical MTA plug, in order to accomplish the formation of an apical barrier. However, by this method, the roots canal walls remain thin and fragile. It may be concluded that the pulp revascularization treatment is an alternative approach for immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis. However, there is not a standardized protocol that is considered ideal in these cases...
Assuntos
Humanos , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/etiologia , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/terapia , Ápice Dentário/patologiaRESUMO
Se presenta el reporte de un caso de un incisivo central superior inmaduro con necrosis pulpar y periodontitis apical crónica, al cual se le instauró la técnica de revascularización descrita por Trope, mediante la estimulación de un coágulo a partir de los tejidos periapicales, previa desinfección del conducto con una mezcla de tres antibióticos, y finalmente la colocación de MTA coronal a este; para obtener así una matriz estéril, que permitiera el crecimiento de nuevo tejido. Esta alternativa de tratamiento se presenta con gran auge en los últimos días pues puede ayudar a mejorar el pronóstico de dientes inmaduros necróticos mediante el reforzamiento de sus paredes dentinales. Después de 7 meses se observó radiográficamente una barrera calcificada bajo el MTA y un engrosamiento delas paredes laterales del conducto, lo que sugiere la obtención de un proceso biológico de desarrolloactivo con un resultado favorable, lo cual puede ayudar a disminuir por ahora la posibilidad de fractura radicular.
The article presents the report of a case of an immature maxillary central incisor with pulp necrosis and chronic apical periodontitis, which was established revascularization technique described by Trope, stimulated by a blood clot from the periapical tissues after disinfecting the canal with a mixture of three antibiotics, and finally the placement of MTA coronal this; order to obtain a sterile matrix, which allowed the growth of new tissue. This treatment option is presented with great success in recent days as it can help improve the prognosis of necrotic immature teeth by strengthening dentinal walls. After seven months was observed radiographically calcified barrier under the MTA and a thickening of the side walls of the duct, suggesting the collection of a biological process of active development with a favorable outcome, which can help reduce the possibility for now of root fracture.