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Background: Pulmonary bullae are thin-walled cavitary lesions within the subpleural parenchyma. They are a result of thedestruction, dilatation and coalescence of bordering alveoli and their rupture is the most common cause of pneumothoraxin dogs. Radiographic and CT imaging are excellent tools for identifying and quantifying pneumothorax. Surgical treatment is considered standard for treatment of pneumothorax consequential to pulmonary bullae. The aim of this report wasto describe a case of pneumothorax secondary to pulmonary bullae in a dog.Case: A 5-year-old male crossbreed dog, weighing 11.5 kg, was presented to the Uberaba’s Veterinary Hospital due to becoming easily tired in the previous 3 weeks, and its worsening in the last 2 days by presenting panting. The dog’s guardiandid not witness any traumas, but informed that the animal resided with other 14 dogs and also that it frequently collidedthe thorax against the door when it came down from the bed. Physical examination showed diaphragmatic breathing,inspiratory dyspnea and stridor lung sound. Thoracocentesis revealed presence of air in the pleural cavity and pneumothorax. Radiographic images confirmed this condition. The dog stayed in the hospital and chest drains were placed. Sincethe amount of sucked air did not reduce with time and due to the emergence of subcutaneous emphysema, the dog wentthrough exploratory thoracotomy that revealed impairment of the right caudal lung lobe, proceeding to lobectomy. Thedog stayed in the hospital with chest drains until the contents of the suctions reduced significantly. With the removal ofthe drains, the dog was sent home and had a full recovery. Histopathology of the impaired lung revealed pulmonary bullae.Discussion: The dog from this report presented clinical signs consistent with pneumothorax, such as dyspnea, diaphragmaticbreathing and exercise intolerance. Radiography of the chest region revealed...

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Introduction: Despite the increasing use of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy, this surgical approach is still controversial in certain aspects. The purpose of this study is to compare the surgical results of video-assisted thoracoscopic pulmonary lobectomy to pulmonary lobectomy via thoracotomy. Materials and Methods: Between 2008 and 2017, 153 patients (n = 89 males) had surgery at the Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro. Results: 39/89 patients underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy. Patients who had video-assisted thoracoscopy and were diagnosed with lung cancer mostly had stage I tumors (25/39 patients). Postoperative complications and mortality rates were similar in both groups. Video-assisted thoracoscopy patients had a significantly shorter pleural drainage time (4 vs. 3 days, p = 0.004) and a shorter length of hospital stay (6 vs. 4 days of stay, p = 0.03). The number of lymph node stations sampled during surgery was higher in the patients operated via thoracotomy (4 vs. 3.5 lymph node stations, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy was at least equivalent to surgery by means of thoracotomy in terms of postoperative complications. The main benefits of the video-assisted thoracoscopy approach were shorter pleural drainage time and length of hospital stay. Special attention should be paid to nodal sampling when the surgery is performed via video-assisted thoracoscopy.

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ABSTRACT Abdominal apoplexy is a rare clinical entity, and its clinical manifestations are diverse. This case report is of a 52-year-old man who developed right upper abdominal pain with unstable haemodynamics 32 hours after right upper pulmonary lobectomy for lung carcinoma. Abdominal computed tomography showed a ruptured right gastric artery aneurysm.

RESUMEN La apoplejía abdominal es una entidad clínica rara, y sus manifestaciones clínicas son diversas. Este es un reporte de caso de un hombre de 52 años que presentó dolor abdominal superior derecho con hemodinámica inestable, 32 horas después de una lobectomía pulmonar superior derecha por carcinoma del pulmón. La tomografía computarizada abdominal mostró una ruptura de aneurisma de la arteria gástrica derecha.

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BACKGROUND: Tracheal bronchus is considered a rare, congenital anomaly, which implies the abnormal origin of a bronchus. When related to repetitive infections the bronchus must be resected, usually via an open procedure. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to present the case of a patient with tracheal bronchus of the upper right lobe who presented with repetitive pneumonias. Additionally, this text intends to expose the methodology for its diagnosis and surgical resolution through a thoracoscopic lobectomy. CLINICAL CASE: One year old female patient who presented with the disorder at two months of age. The patient presented with constant coughing and persistent fever alongside repetitive pneumonias in the upper right lobe. In order to discard the possibility of gastroesophageal reflux, a bronchoscopy and a panendoscopy of the digestive tube were conducted. The aforesaid procedure demonstrated the existence of a tracheal bronchus located in the right lobe, with functional bronchial segmentation. With these findings and due to the presence of repetitive infections, an apical right lobectomy was performed through a thoracoscopy, with favourable results. CONCLUSIONS: Tracheal bronchus is a rare anomaly that on many occasions is asymptomatic; nonetheless, when related to repetitive infections, a lobectomy must be carried out to avoid further pulmonary damage. This can be done through a thoracoscopy, as was the case with our patient. When treating these patients, it is worth considering they tend to have a different anatomy and to consider the ease at which they can sustain severe inflammation due to repetitive infections.

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Reportamos un caso de secuestro pulmonar intralobar ubicado en el lóbulo inferior del pulmón izquierdo en una paciente de sexo femenino de 3 años de edad, diagnosticado en el intraoperatorio. El secuestro pulmonar es una malformación pulmonar congénita muy rara, caracterizada por una masa de tejido pulmonar no funcionante,que recibe irrigación anómala de una arteria sistémica, generalmente, procedente de la aorta descendente; su variedad intralobar usualmente se manifiesta con neumonías recurrentes. El diagnóstico definitivo es hecho al identificar la arteria anómala hacia el pulmón mediante estudios por imágenes (TEM con contraste y ecografía Doppler).No hay estudios de su incidencia a nivel nacional. El presente caso es el primero reportado en la ciudad de Huacho, Perú

The case of a 3 year-old female patient, who was intraoperative diagnosed with intralobar pulmonary sequestration located in the lower lobe of the left lung, is reported. Pulmonary sequestration is a rarecongenital pulmonary malformation characterized by a non-functionalmass of lung tissue, which is irrigatedby an abnormalsystemic artery, general!y originated in the descending aorta;its intralobar variety manifests as recurrent pneumonia. Definitive diagnosis is made after identifying the abnormal artery with imaging techniques (MSCT with contrast and Doppler echocardiography). There is no national incidence study on this condition. The following case is the first pulmonary sequestration case reported in the city of Huacho, Perú

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BACKGROUND: Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) accounts for the 3% of all soft tissue sarcomas and it's categorized as a tumour of uncertain differentiation. This entity has shown to have the recurrent balanced chromosomal translocation t(9;22) (q22;q12.2), which leads to the oncogenic fusion gene EWSR1-NR4A3. This sarcoma usually presents as a slow growing, palpable mass in the extremities. EMC arising from the lung is extremely infrequent. We report one case of pulmonary extraskeletal mixoid chondrosarcoma and a review of the world literature. CASE REPORT: A 69-year-old male patient presented with intermittent hemoptysis for the last 6 months. A PET/CT scan showed a hypermetabolic solid mass with lobulated borders of approximately 29×26mm in the inferior right lobe. We performed a right thoracotomy with inferior lobectomy and lymphadenectomy of levels VII, VIII, X, and XI levels. The neoplasm was constituted by cords of small cells with small round nucleus and scarce cytoplasm immerse in an abundant myxoid matrix. The immunophenotype was positive for MUM-1, CDK4, MDM2, and showed focal expression for S-100 protein and CD56. The final pathology report revealed a pulmonary extraskeletal mixoid chondrosarcoma. No further surgical interventions or adjuvant therapies were needed. CONCLUSION: EMC is an intermediate-grade neoplasm, characterized by a long clinical course with high potential for local recurrence and distant metastasis. Treatment for EMC is surgical and non-surgical treatment is reserved for recurrence or metastatic disease. Pulmonary extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare neoplasm with only isolated case reports found in the literature.

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Introducción: el acceso videotoracoscópico, para la resección del cáncer de pulmón, constituye una alternativa a la cirugía abierta en los estadios I y II de la enfermedad. Objetivo: valorar la aplicación de esta técnica en nuestro medio, y para ello se estudiaron las variables: localización del tumor, tiempo quirúrgico, la conversión a cirugía abierta, sangrado, tipo de resección, tamaño de la incisión, estadía hospitalaria, morbilidad y mortalidad. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los pacientes con carcinoma de pulmón atendidos en el hospital "Hermanos Ameijeiras" en el período comprendido entre octubre de 2009 y marzo de 2010, y entre enero-febrero de 2011, en el que se analizaron 5 pacientes que tenían tumores malignos de 5 cm o menos, de localización periférica, pero sin infiltración de la pared torácica, que no tuvieron enfermedad mediastinal o del hilio pulmonar, y sin cirugía previa del hemitórax afectado. Los resultados se presentaron en por cientos. Resultados: a 4 se les realizó una lobectomía pulmonar y a 1 una bilobectomía media e inferior. El tiempo quirúrgico varió de 210 a 420 min, con mediana de 330. No hubo conversión ni accidente quirúrgico. El tamaño de la incisión varió de 2,5 a 3,8 cm, con una mediana de 3,5. Un paciente con adenocarcinoma bronquioloalveolar y ganglios mediastinales positivos falleció a los 4 meses por enfermedad metastásica. Conclusiones: la resección pulmonar videotoracoscópica, por cáncer de pulmón, es factible y de gran beneficio inmediato para el enfermo en nuestro medio

Introduction: the video-thoracoscopic access to resection of lung cancer is an alternative for the open surgery for a disease in I and II stages. Objective: to value the implementation of this technique in our environment and thus, authors studied the following variables: tumor location, surgical time, open surgery conversion, bleeding, type of resection, incision size, hospital stay, morbility and mortality. Methods: a descriptive study was conducted in patients presenting with lung carcinoma, seen in the "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Clinical Surgical Hospital from October, 2009 to March, 2010 and from January-February, 2011 to analyze the situation of 5 patients with 5 cm or less malignant tumors of peripheral location but without infiltration of the thoracic wall, mediastinal or hilum-pulmonary disease and also without a previous surgery of the involved hemithorax. Results: four patients underwent a pulmonary lobectomy and another one a middle and inferior bi-lobectomy. The surgical time fluctuates between 210 and 420 min, with a mean of 330. There was neither conversion nor surgical accident. The incision size varied from 2.5 to 3.8 cm with a mean of 3.5. A patient with bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma and positive mediastinal ganglia deceased at 4 months due metastatic disease. Conclusions: the video-thoracoscopic pulmonary resection from pulmonary cancer is feasible and of a immediate benefit for the patient in our environment

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